Search

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt zum einen die These auf, dass das Hildebrandslied den erzählten Vater-Sohn-Kampf aus Hildebrands heroischer Exorbitanz ableitet, die im Figurendialog analytisch vorgeführt wird. Die darin zum Ausdruck kommende Reflexionsdistanz des Liedes zu seinem Gegenstand kann als postheroische Perspektive stricto sensu bezeichnet werden. Da diese Perspektive somit bereits in einem frühesten Zeugnis europäischer Heldenepik konstitutiv für die narrative Sinngebung ist, schlägt der Beitrag zum anderen vor, die postheroische Perspektive als ein heuristisches Instrument zu gebrauchen, mit dem nicht nur Erscheinungsweisen und Entwicklungen der europäischen Heldenepik neu beurteilt werden können, sondern auch das gesellschaftliche Relevanzpotenzial von ›Heldentum‹ bis heute im Rückbezug auf jene Heldenepik erklärt werden kann.

The paper explains the broad reception of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in the German culture throughout the high and late middle ages by its ability to give a historical shape and foundation to a social identity of the medieval German nobility. This identity is based on the Chronicle’s general concept of history and worked out in its series of narratives on the one hand, and mirrored by its reception in the textual tradition on the other. The paper shows that the ›Kaiserchronik‹ ascribes to the German nobility the identity of being the teleologically destined bearer of the Roman empire and that the manuscripts preserving the text contain various reflections of the fact that this identity was actually adopted by the Chronicle’s textual community from the late 12th to the 15th century. This is illustrated by the means of the continuation of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in its so-called C-Version (I), its contextualization within the famous Vorau codex (II), the excerpt of the Adelger episode in a Vienna codex (III), and the copy of the final parts of the Charlemagne episode in a Munich single sheet (IV). Overall, the examples demonstrate that the ›Kaiserchronikʼs‹ function of shaping and founding a social identity of the German nobility also explains in a new manner its flagrant idiosyncrasies in representing the history of the Roman emperors.

Modern mobile networks in the era of 5G have ambitious performance goals. One envisioned goal is to have communication that is ultra-reliable and ultra-low latency (uRLLC). To ensure reliability, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) processes are usually deployed, sometimes combined with forward error correction. As an evolution of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, 5G may be foreseen to use similar methods, and so we assume LTE’s Hybrid ARQ on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and a Selective Repeat ARQ on the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. Simulation of LTE systems is a time-consuming endeavor due to its complexity, and when latency and reliability are the key performance indicators, it may be preferable to isolate the ARQ processes. In this manner, this paper presents a mathematical model of the two stacked ARQ processes that are used in today’s LTE system. It is based on the method of Signal Flow Graphs (SFGs) and allows the analysis of either ARQ process in isolation, and of both stacked on top of each other. Analytic results are shown for a realistic set of parameters, and in the spirit of Open Science, the MATLAB implementation files are made available in the conclusion to interested researchers, so that verification and an adaption to similar ARQ processes is easily made.

Die Imprinting-Fachliteratur hat seit ihrer Entstehung eine Vielzahl an pragenden Faktoren identifiziert, jedoch die Pragung mittels makrookonomischer Faktoren vor allem auf der Individualebene vernachlassigt. Dies gilt insbesondere fur die Pragung akademischer Grunder. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine umfangreiche State-of-the-Art Analyse der bisherigen makrookonomischen Imprinting-Fachliteratur und deren anschliesende Ubertragung auf die Pragung akademischer Grunder. (1) Die konjunkturelle Lage, (2) die Wahrnehmung zur Verfugbarkeit von Subventionen sowie (3) die gesellschaftliche Legitimation unternehmerischen Handelns werden dabei als einflussreiche Quellen des Imprintings identifiziert. Anhand einer Fallstudie des akademischen Spin-Offs omics2view.consulting aus dem Bereich der bioinformatischen und biostatistischen Datenanalyse werden die aufgestellten Propositionen uberpruft und Implikationen fur Theorie und Praxis abgeleitet.

Still today, aircraft disappear and crash without communicating their last position. Looking into details, satellite communications currently seems to be the only reliable way to connect and send data on long-distance flights. However, geostationary satellite systems suffer from high propagation delays making Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes beneficial compared to error handling by retransmissions. In this paper, Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) is proposed as a packet level FEC technique for high delay satellite communication. Using emulation, it is shown that correlated losses typical for a satellite channel result in a high variation in the number of redundant symbols required to decode a generation. This can be improved by using interleaving, which comes by the cost of an increased delay. A novel approach is introduced that combines On-the-fly Coding and interleaving. This can significantly reduce the average delay introduced by interleaving and allows to efficiently overcome correlated losses in combination with Network Coding for time-critical applications.

Aircraft Ad-hoc Networks (AANETs) are capable not only to allow low-latency Internet connectivity on aircraft but also to transmit safety-critical data. An aircraft in distress could transmit important information to another nearby aircraft in range before it crashes on the ground. In this paper the link probability for aircraft crossing the North Atlantic Corridor is investigated. An analytical model for the nearest neighbor distribution is proposed taking the shape and dynamic position of North Atlantic flight corridors into account. A uniform distribution of nodes is assumed in a bounded model area. Simulation results and empirical aircraft position data captured over 10 weeks are analyzed and used for verification of the analytical model. The link probability is derived from the nearest neighbor distribution and the model performance is evaluated. Aircraft sticking to North Atlantic flight tracks bias the assumed uniform distribution over the area. Therefore the results differ for east-and westbound flights. A link probability of more than 99% can be achieved if the communication range is greater than 250km and at least 40 aircraft are located within the model area. The average error of the model predicting the required communication range for a 99% link probability amounts to 8.94%.

The outer dense fibers (ODF) are the main cytoskeletal structures of the sperm tail found in animals with internal fecundation. They consist of at least 14 polypeptides from which only a few are identified due to difficulties in isolation of the protein components. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of Odf3, encoding a novel protein of rat sperm ODF. Odf3 is transcribed in testes and more specifically in spermatids but it is also expressed in epididymides and brain suggesting a possible involvement in building of the cellular cytoskeleton. Odf3 encodes a putative protein of ∼110 kDa. Secondary structure predictions indicated that ODF3 is a coiled-coil protein. The identification of coiled-coil proteins as constituents of outer dense fibers reveals a model for ODF formation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 102–112, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The outer dense fibres (ODF) are a main cytoskeletal structure of the sperm tail. Despite their importance in the morphology and function of the sperm tail, their constituents are poorly described. Here we investigate the protein composition of human outer dense fibres. Our results suggest that human ODF consist of about 10 major and of at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins. From a human testis cDNA library, we isolated two slightly different cDNAs encoding ODF2 proteins of approximately 70 kDa. Human ODF2 cDNAs and their encoded proteins are very similar to those isolated from rat and mouse pointing to a high evolutionary pressure residing on these proteins. Transcription of ODF2 is restricted to testis tissue and more specifically to round spermatids as was demonstrated by a non-radioactive in-situ hybridization. ODF2 proteins were detected in the sperm tail. Their distribution along the length of the sperm tail shows that the ODF normally extend to about half the principal piece of the sperm tail. The former result opens the possibility for a screening regarding the distribution of sperm tail proteins related to motility disorders.

The outer dense fibers (ODF) of the mammalian sperm tail comprise a unique, specialized, and very prominent structure, consisting of nine fibers surrounding the axoneme. The ODF may play an important but as yet undefined role in sperm morphology, integrity and function. Study of the ODF is hampered by insufficient knowledge of their protein composition and the genetic regulation of their synthesis. We report here on the characterization of cDNAs encoding the Odf2 proteins of outer dense fibers of mouse sperm. We isolated two cDNA clones with variable 5' regions. Variability in sequence is restricted to specific regions in the N-terminal part of the encoded proteins, whereas the C-terminal part is highly conserved in Odf2 proteins both between species and within a species. This variability is confirmed at the protein level. The outer dense fibers could be detected immunologically in total sperm tails allowing a direct comparison of their length in relation to the length of the sperm tail. Odf2 transcripts could be demonstrated in testicular RNA and are restricted to germ cells. The start of transcription is in step 5 spermatids of tubular stage V and the RNA could be detected in the cytoplasm of differentiating spermatids in all subsequent tubular stages.

Upcoming inflight entertainment and other onboard data services request broadband data connections during long- and short-haul flights all over the world. To cope with this amount of traffic, especially over oceanic areas where no ground infrastructure is available, satellite systems offer broadband satellite links for avionic purpose.

Der nachfolgende Abschnitt soll die oben prasentierten Ergebnisse reflektieren. Zunachst erfolgt eine inhaltliche Interpretation der statistischen Resultate. Groste Aufmerksamkeit gilt dabei den Befunden bezuglich der zehn untersuchten Hypothesen aus Kapitel 5. Die Aussagen des Abschnitts 8.2 sind namlich als Antworten auf die zentrale Forschungsfrage zu verstehen. Nach der Ergebnisdiskussion werden zudem die Limitationen dieser Untersuchung aufgezeigt und zuletzt Schlussfolgerungen gezogen, die sich fur die Forschung sowie das praktische Management lateraler grenzuberschreitender Technologietransferprojekte in multinationalen Unternehmen ergeben.

Nachdem im vorangegangenen Teil der Arbeit eine inhaltliche Begriffsklarung und Themenabgrenzung vorgenommen und zuletzt ein Uberblick uber die bestehende Literatur zum Forschungsthema dieser Arbeit prasentiert wurde, richtet sich der Fokus nun auf theoretische Erklarungbeitrage mit Bezug zur Untersuchung lateraler grenzuberschreitender Technologietransferprojekte in multinationalen Unternehmen. Theorien stellen Wolf (2011) zufolge „Destillate wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstrebens“ dar. Sie verkorpern jeweils in sich konsistente Aussagensysteme mit umfassendem Geltungsanspruch. Dieser umfassende Geltungsanspruch kann nur realisiert werden, indem sich Theorien und theoretische Ansatze auf elementare Erklarungen von Sachverhalten zuruckziehen.

Im Sinne deduktiver Forschungsansatze beginnt die Arbeit mit allgemeinen Erlauterungen zum Untersuchungsthema. Zunachst werden zentrale Begriffe und Konzepte dieser Untersuchung vorgestellt und abgegrenzt. Bevor der Fokus zunehmend auf die konkrete Themenstellung zugespitzt wird, dienen die nun folgenden Abschnitte der begrifflichen und thematischen Verortung in den breit gefacherten Forschungsfeldern mit Bezug zum Wissens- und Technologietransfer sowie im ubergeordneten Forschungsfeld des International Management. Auserdem wird ein Uberblick uber den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu lateralen grenzuberschreitenden Technologietransferprojekten in multinationalen Unternehmen gegeben, um davon ausgehend in die Entwicklung der spezifischen hier adressierten Fragestellungen einzusteigen.

Die zunehmende weltweite Vernetzung der Markte stellt eine grose Herausforderung fur viele multinationale Unternehmen dar. Der Bedeutungsruckgang geografischer Grenzen und die steigende Transparenz auf den Ressourcen- und Absatzmarkten verandern die Wettbewerbsumwelt von multinationalen Unternehmen entscheidend. Nur solche Unternehmen werden erfolgreich sein, die es verstehen, nachhaltige Wettbewerbsvorteile gegenuber der weltweiten Konkurrenz aufzubauen und zu verteidigen. Vor allem Wissen und Technologien erweisen sich in diesem Zusammenhang als zentrale Ressourcen, da sie haufig hoch spezifisch und ausgesprochen schwer zu imitieren oder kopieren sind: „… knowledge has become the key economic resource and the dominant – and perhaps even the only – source of comparative advantage.“ Die Fahigkeiten, Wissen und Technologien zu entwickeln sowie diese in der Folge fur die Wertschopfungsaktivitaten des gesamten Unternehmens zu nutzen, gelten damit als entscheidende Bestimmungsfaktoren des Unternehmenserfolgs.

The outer dense fibers (ODF) are the main cytoskeletal structures of the sperm tail found in animals with internal fecundation. They consist of at least 14 polypeptides from which only a few are identified due to difficulties in isolation of the protein components. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of Odf3, encoding a novel protein of rat sperm ODF. Odf3 is transcribed in testes and more specifically in spermatids but it is also expressed in epididymides and brain suggesting a possible involvement in building of the cellular cytoskeleton. Odf3 encodes a putative protein of approximately 110 kDa. Secondary structure predictions indicated that ODF3 is a coiled-coil protein. The identification of coiled-coil proteins as constituents of outer dense fibers reveals a model for ODF formation.