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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is currently no objective measure of the visual deficits experienced by patients with symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVOs) that would also correlate with the functional improvement they report following vitrectomy. This study aims to determine whether reading speed can be used as a reliable outcome measure to assess objectively the impact of both SVOs and vitrectomy on patients' visual performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty adult patients seeking surgery for SVO were included. Measures of visual function were obtained before and after vitrectomy using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study acuity chart, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire, and the MNREAD acuity chart. RESULTS: In patients with nonopacified lenses (n = 10), maximum reading speed increased significantly from 138 to 159 words per minute after complete removal of SVOs by vitrectomy (95% confidence interval, 14–29; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Reading speed is impaired with SVOs and improves following vitrectomy in phakic and pseudophakic eyes with clear lenses. Reading speed is a valid objective measure to assess the positive effect of vitrectomy for SVOs on near-distance daily life activities. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2020;51:456–466.]

Purpose To present a case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) treatment with spironolactone in a challenge-rechallenge pattern. Methods At presentation, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and enhanced depth imaging ocular coherence tomography were performed in both eyes. The patient was prescribed 25 mg spironolactone daily along with serum potassium monitoring. At follow-ups, spectral domain optical coherence tomography and enhanced depth imaging ocular coherence tomography were performed. Results A 37-year-old white male accountant presenting with CSC. Spironolactone treatment resolved the CSC. After the patient discontinued treatment, it returned. After returning to daily treatment, the CSC again resolved. Conclusion Spironolactone was an effective treatment of CSC in this case. Other groups have reported similar findings with eplerenone, a similar drug.

To estimate cancer risks for patients with myotonic dystrophy, given that increased risks for neoplasms in association with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 have been suggested in several studies but the risks of cancers have not been quantified.A cohort of 307 patients with myotonic dystrophy identified from medical records of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, from January 1, l993, through May 28, 2010, was retrospectively analyzed. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of specific cancers for patients with myotonic dystrophy compared with age- and sex-specific cancer incidences of the general population. Age-dependent cumulative risks were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.A total of 53 cancers were observed at a median age at diagnosis of 55 years. Patients with myotonic dystrophy had an increased risk of thyroid cancer (SIR, 5.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-12.93; P=.001) and choroidal melanoma (SIR, 27.54; 95% CI, 3.34-99.49; P.001). They may also have an increased risk of testicular cancer (SIR, 5.09; 95% CI, 0.62-18.38; P=.06) and prostate cancer (SIR, 2.21; 95% CI, 0.95-4.35; P=.05). The estimated cumulative risks at age 50 years were 1.72% (95% CI, 0.64%-4.55%) for thyroid cancer and 1.00% (95% CI, 0.25%-3.92%) for choroidal melanoma. There was no statistical evidence of an increased risk of brain, breast, colorectal, lung, renal, bladder, endometrial, or ovarian cancer; lymphoma; leukemia; or multiple myeloma.Patients with myotonic dystrophy may have an increased risk of thyroid cancer and choroidal melanoma and, possibly, testicular and prostate cancers.

We have shown that the antitumor activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) against B16ova tumors in C57BL/6 mice is predominantly due to innate antiviral immune effectors. We have also shown that the innate immune-activating properties of VSV can be harnessed to prime adaptive T-cell responses against a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) if the virus is engineered to express the cDNA of the antigen. Here, we show that the combination of VSV expressing OVA as a model tumor antigen, along with adoptive T-cell therapy targeted against the same antigen, is superior to either treatment alone and induces systemic antitumor activity. In addition, we extend our findings with the OVA model to the therapeutic use of VSV expressing hgp100, a self TAA against which tolerance is well established in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast to VSV-ova, T-cell responses raised by VSV-hgp100 were insufficient to improve therapy against B16ova tumors compared with VSV-GFP alone. However, in combination with adoptive transfer of gp100-specific pmel T cells, intratumoral VSV-hgp100 cured significantly more mice than either virus or T cells alone. Even in an aggressive model of metastatic disease, antitumor therapy was generated at levels similar to those observed in the VSV-ova/OT-I model in which a potently immunogenic, nonself TAA was targeted. Therefore, individual poorly effective virotherapies and T-cell therapies that target self TAA of low immunogenicity, which reflects the situation in patients, can be combined to generate very effective antitumor therapy.

To describe the use of disposable 31-gauge needles for intraocular injections. Description of the technique and photographs of the needles. Patients feel the injection less and a smaller postinjection bleb is noted. Consideration should be given to the use of disposable 31-gauge needles or syringes for intraocular injections.