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PURPOSE The prospective Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial compared the 80-gene molecular subtyping signature with clinical assessment by immunohistochemistry and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization in predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) and 5-year outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS Standard-of-care neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab or trastuzumab plus pertuzumab was given to patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive tumors (n = 295). pCR was the primary end point, with secondary end points of distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival at 5 years. RESULTS Among clinically defined HER2-positive (cHER2) tumors, the 80-gene assay identified 29.5% (87 of 295) as Luminal-Type (cHER2/gLuminal), 14.9% (44 of 295) as Basal-Type (cHER2/gBasal), and 55.6% (164 of 295) as HER2-Type (cHER2/genomically classified as HER2 [gHER2]). Patients with cHER2/gHER2 tumors had a higher pCR rate (61.6%) compared with non-gHER2 tumors (26.7%; P < .001). Dual targeting for cHER2/gHER2 tumors yielded a higher pCR rate (75%) compared with those treated with single HER2-targeted therapy (54%; P = .006). For cHER2/gBasal tumors, the 42.9% pCR rate observed with dual targeting was not different from that with trastuzumab alone (46.4%; P = .830). Among those with cHER2/gBasal tumors, 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (68.6%; 95% CI, 49.1 to 81.9) was significantly worse than in patients with cHER2/gLuminal tumors (88.9%; 95% CI, 78.0 to 94.6) and cHER2/gHER2 tumors (87.4%; 95% CI, 80.2 to 92.2; P = .010), with similar corresponding overall survival differences. CONCLUSION The 80-gene assay identified meaningful genomic diversity in patients with cHER2 disease. Patients with cHER2/gHER2 tumors, who benefitted most from dual HER2-targeted therapy, accounted for approximately half of the cHER2 cohort. Genomically Luminal tumors had low pCR rates but good 5-year outcomes. cHER2/gBasal tumors derived no benefit from dual therapy and had significantly worse 5-year prognosis; these patients merit special consideration in future trials.

As more patients with early-stage breast cancer receive neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET), there is a need for reliable biomarkers that can identify patients with HR+ HER2- tumors who are likely to benefit from NET. NBRST (NCT01479101) compared the prognostic value of the 70-gene risk classification and 80-gene molecular subtyping signatures with conventional pathological classification methods in response to neoadjuvant therapy. We evaluated the association of these signatures with clinical response and 5-year outcome of patients treated with NET.1091 patients with early-stage breast cancer scheduled to receive neoadjuvant therapy were prospectively enrolled into NBRST, and a sub-analysis of 67 patients treated with NET was performed. Patients received standard of care genomic testing using the 70-gene and 80-gene signatures and were treated with NET, per physician's discretion. The primary endpoint was pathologic partial response (pPR) and secondary endpoints were distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinical benefit was defined as having a pPR or stable disease (SD) with NET.Overall, 94.4% of patients with genomically (g) Luminal A-Type (50.0% pPR and 44.4% SD) and 95.0% with Luminal B-Type tumors (55.0% pPR and 40.0% SD) exhibited clinical benefit. At 5 years, patients with gLuminal B tumors had significantly worse DMFS (75.6%, 95% CI 50.8-89.1) than patients with gLuminal A (91.1%; 95% CI 74.8-97.1; p = 0.047), with a similar trend for OS, albeit not significant (81.0%, 95% CI 56.9-92.4 and 91.1%, 95% CI 74.8-97.1, respectively; p = 0.13).Genomic assays offer a broader understanding of the underlying tumor biology, which adds precision to pathology as a preoperative risk classifier. Patients with 70-gene signature Low Risk, gLuminal A tumors treated with endocrine therapy alone have excellent 5-year outcomes. Most patients with genomically-defined Luminal A- and B-Type tumors respond well to NET, suggesting these patients may be safely treated with NET, while those with gLuminal B tumors will also require post-operative chemotherapy or CDK4/6 inhibitors to improve long-term outcomes. Overall, these findings demonstrate that genomic classification, defined by the combined 70- and 80-gene signatures, is associated with tumor response and prognostic of long-term outcomes.

PURPOSE The 80-gene molecular subtyping signature (80-GS) reclassifies a proportion of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-defined luminal breast cancers (estrogen receptor–positive [ER+], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative [HER2–]) as Basal-Type. We report the association of 80-GS reclassification with neoadjuvant treatment response and 5-year outcome in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST; NCT01479101 ) is an observational, prospective study that included 1,069 patients with early-stage breast cancer age 18-90 years who received neoadjuvant therapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR) and 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed in 477 patients with IHC-defined ER+, HER2– tumors and in a reference group of 229 patients with IHC-defined triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). RESULTS 80-GS reclassified 15% of ER+, HER2– tumors (n = 73) as Basal-Type (ER+/Basal), which had similar pCR compared with TNBC/Basal tumors (34% v 38%; P = .52), and significantly higher pCR than ER+/Luminal A (2%; P < .001) and ER+/Luminal B (6%; P < .001) tumors. The 5-year DMFS (%, [95% CI]) was significantly lower for patients with ER+/Basal tumors (66% [52.6 to 77.3]), compared with those with ER+/Luminal A tumors (92.3% [85.2 to 96.1]) and ER+/Luminal B tumors (73.5% [44.5 to 79.3]). Importantly, patients with ER+/Basal or TNBC/Basal tumors that had a pCR exhibited significantly improved DMFS and OS compared with those with residual disease. By contrast, patients with ER+/Luminal B tumors had comparable 5-year DMFS and OS whether or not they achieved pCR. CONCLUSION Significant differences in chemosensitivity and 5-year outcome suggest patients with ER+/Basal molecular subtype may benefit from neoadjuvant regimens optimized for patients with TNBC/Basal tumors compared with patients with ER+/Luminal subtype. These data highlight the importance of identifying this subset of patients to improve treatment planning and long-term survival.

Engaging in a romantic relationship is a key developmental task of adolescence and adolescents differ greatly in both the age at which they start dating and in how romantically active they are. These differences in romantic relationship experiences could be relevant for adolescents’ short- and long-term psychosocial adjustment. The present study describes the diversity of relationship experiences during adolescence and examines their connection to psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood.N = 2457 adolescents (49.3% female) from a German representative longitudinal study provided information on their relationship experiences between the ages 10 and 20, as well as on their psychosocial adjustment. Data were collected via annual assessments starting in 2008 at ageM = 16.50 years (SD = 0.88) through young adulthood (M = 25.46,SD = 0.87). Latent profile analysis identified three romantic involvement groups: late starters, moderate daters, and frequent changers, which were further compared to adolescents without any romantic experiences (continuous singles). Growth curve analyses indicated that continuous singles reported lower life satisfaction and higher loneliness than the moderate daters in adolescence and young adulthood. The continuous singles were also less satisfied with their life in young adulthood and felt more lonely in both adolescence and young adulthood compared to the late starters. The findings of the study suggest great variability in adolescents’ romantic relationship experiences and point toward the developmental significance of these experiences for short- and long-term well-being.

Background: Breast cancer rates among Asian women are relatively low compared with Western populations; however, rates have increased in recent years, and it is the most common cancer in women. Few studies have characterized clinical-pathological features and molecular subtypes in Asian breast cancer patients, although substantial variation in occurrence among Asian subpopulations has been reported. Here, we report clinical factors, pathology, and molecular profiles of Chinese patients enrolled in the US and Hong Kong, HKSAR, and from age-matched Caucasian (Cau) and African-American (AA) patients. Methods: This analysis included Chinese patients enrolled in the United States (n=24) and Hong Kong (n=42) with early stage, invasive breast cancer for whom clinical characteristics were captured with informed consent, enrolled between 2013 and 2018 (NCT02669745). For ethnicity comparisons, age-matched Cau (n=132) and AA (n=33) patients were included from the prospective, US-based FLEX registry (NCT03053193). Ethnicity was patient reported. Clinical characteristics, pathology, and results from the 70-gene (70-GS, MammaPrint) risk of recurrence and 80-gene (80-GS, BluePrint) molecular subtyping signatures were compared. Results: The median age at diagnosis for Chinese was 51 years, and patients were 53.8% pre-/peri-menopausal. Tumors were predominantly ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) (81.3%), T1 (73.0%), grade 2 (59.7%), estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) (90.6%), and node-negative (82.0%). 70-GS and 80-GS results were available from 64 patients; 56.3% of tumors classified as 70-GS High Risk, and 82.8% Luminal-type, 9.4% HER2-type, and 7.8% Basal-type by 80-GS. Although pooled here for analysis, when examined separately, tumors of Chinese American patients were more frequently HER2-type (5/23; 21.7%) than tumors of Hong Kong patients (1/41, 2.4%) and had some higher risk clinical features, such as greater frequency of grade 3 classification (54.2%). Age-matched Cau patients were similar to Chinese patients in menopausal status (50.4% pre/peri-menopausal); age-matched AA patients were predominantly (58.6%) post-menopausal. Tumors of Cau patients were predominantly ductal carcinoma NOS (87.9%), T1 (73.4%), grade 2 (51.6%), node-negative (82.4%), ER+ (89.2%), 70-GS Low Risk (52.3%) and 80-GS Luminal-type (86.4%). Tumors of AA patients were predominantly ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) (86.7%), T1 (50.0%), grade 3 (53.6%), node-negative (79.3%), ER+ (72.7%), 70-GS High Risk (75.8%), and 80-GS Luminal-type (60.6%), although a substantial portion were 80-GS Basal-type (33.3%). Conclusions: The current study revealed some disparities in clinical and molecular features of breast tumors between Chinese American and Hong Kong patients, and among Chinese, Cau, and AA patients. Some features typically associated with higher clinical risk were more prevalent in Chinese American patients than in Hong Kong patients, suggesting a possible interaction between genetics and lifestyle factors, and perhaps influenced by immigration. However, given the small sample size, these data should be interpreted with caution, and further study is needed to validate these trends. Future studies of breast cancer in ethnic subpopulations should incorporate evaluation of genomic profiling. BluePrint Molecular Subtyping ResultsPatients Luminal-typeHER2-typeBasal-typeTotalChinese (pooled)53 (82.8%)6 (9.4%)5 (7.8%)64Hong Kong37 (90.2%)1 (2.4%)3 (7.3%)41US16 (69.6%)5 (21.7%)2 (8.7%)23Caucasian (US)114 (86.4%)6 (4.6%)12 (9.1%)132African-American (US)20 (60.6%)2 (6.1%)11 (33.3%)33 Citation Format: Ava Kwong, Sarah Untch, Heather M. Kling, Christine Finn, William Audeh, Vivian Shin, Sherene Ishtihar, Margaret Chen. Different MammaPrint and BluePrint molecular profiles and clinical-pathological features of early stage breast cancer in Chinese patients in the United States and Hong Kong [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-15.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy have demonstrated an improvement of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with HR-HER2- and MammaPrint (MP) High Risk, HR+HER2- tumors in the I-SPY2 TRIAL. However, not all patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade and these new agents come with additional financial burden and significant long-lasting side effects such as adrenal insufficiency. Thus, it is imperative to better understand who benefits. Response Predictive Subtypes (RPS) were developed in the I-SPY2 TRIAL using pre-treatment expression data from 987 MP High Risk patients; 39% of HR+HER2- tumors and 63% of HR-HER2- tumors were identified as immune sensitive. In I-SPY2.2, RPS tumor classification uses ImPrint, a 53-gene signature that has been independently validated to predict the likelihood of a pCR with PD1-PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with high sensitivity and specificity. Using a real-world dataset of 10,000 patients enrolled in the FLEX trial, we identified immune sensitive (ImPrint+) patients within immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtypes and within MP and BluePrint (BP) subgroups. METHODS: FLEX (NCT03053193) is an ongoing registry trial with 97 sites open in the United States and 2 international sites. Patients enrolled in FLEX have early-stage breast cancer and receive standard of care MP testing with or without BP molecular subtyping and consent to clinically annotated full genome data collection. MP is a 70-gene risk of distant recurrence signature that classifies patients as Low Risk or High Risk. MP High Risk can be further stratified into High 1 and High 2, which have demonstrated differences in chemosensitivity and pCR rates in the I-SPY2 TRIAL (NCT01042379). BP, an 80-gene molecular subtyping signature, categorizes patients’ tumors as Luminal-, HER2- or Basal-Type. RESULTS: Of the 10,021 patients, 9.1% of the FLEX patient population are ImPrint+ and are predicted to have a meaningful pCR rate with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Younger (≤ 50 years) or pre/peri-menopausal patients, patients with larger or node-positive tumors, and patients of Black or Latin race/ethnicity independently had a higher likelihood of having ImPrint+ tumors (Table 1). ImPrint+ tumors were identified in all clinical subtypes by IHC. There is a higher likelihood of ImPrint+ tumors being MP High 2 or BP Basal-Type tumors. Within BP Basal tumors, 74.7% of HR+ and 66.0% of HR- tumors were ImPrint+. CONCLUSIONS: The focus of immune therapy trials has been on patients with HR-HER2-, MP High Risk patients. Indeed, most patients who are predicted to benefit have MP High 2 or BP Basal-Type tumors, including some HR+ patients, which is consistent with I-SPY2 results. Importantly, this large real-world dataset enables the identification of populations who may benefit from immune therapy outside of traditional clinical trial populations and supports the testing of checkpoint inhibitors in the immune-positive subtype. Younger women and patients of Black or Latin race/ethnicity who typically have more aggressive tumors also have higher proportions of ImPrint+ tumors. Thus, it is critical that these populations be included in clinical trials. This first look at immune sensitivity in over 10,000 FLEX patients with ImPrint generates preliminary data and hypotheses that will be explored in future FLEX substudies, including an analysis of lobular cancers and long-term outcomes in ImPrint+ patients across all races and ages. Table 1. Clinical characteristics of ImPrint+ and ImPrint- tumors. Citation Format: Adam M. Brufsky, Midas Kuilman, Rita Mukhtar, Denise M. Wolf, Christina Yau, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, Cathy Graham, Vijayakrishna K. Gadi, Pat Whitworth, Alexander Hindenburg, Ian Grady, Gordon Srkalovic, Kent Hoskins, Ajay Dhakal, Cynthia Ma, Natasha Hunter, Jennifer Crozier, Blanche Mavromatis, Lorenza Mittempergher, Christine Finn, Shraddha Modh, Erin B. Yoder, Patricia Dauer, Andrea Menicucci, Bas van der Baan, William Audeh, Laura J. Esserman. ImPrint immune signature in 10,000 early-stage breast cancer patients from the real-world FLEX database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD9-08.

The Neoadjuvant Breast Symphony Trial (NBRST) demonstrated the 70-gene risk of distant recurrence signature, MammaPrint, and the 80-gene molecular subtyping signature, BluePrint, precisely determined preoperative pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients. We report 5-year follow-up results in addition to an exploratory analysis by age and menopausal status.The observational, prospective NBRST (NCT01479101) included 954 early-stage breast cancer patients aged 18-90 years who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had clinical and genomic data available. Chemosensitivity and 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. In a post hoc subanalysis, results were stratified by age (≤ 50 vs. 50 years) and menopausal status in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) tumors.MammaPrint and BluePrint further classified 23% of tumors to a different subtype compared with immunohistochemistry, with more precise correspondence to pCR rates. Five-year DMFS and OS were highest in MammaPrint Low Risk, Luminal A-type and HER2-type tumors, and lowest in MammaPrint High Risk, Luminal B-type and Basal-type tumors. There was no significant difference in chemosensitivity between younger and older patients with Low-Risk (2.2% vs. 3.8%; p = 0.64) or High-Risk tumors (14.5% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.42), or within each BluePrint subtype; this was similar when stratifying by menopausal status. The 5-year outcomes were comparable by age or menopausal status for each molecular subtype.Intrinsic preoperative chemosensitivity and long-term outcomes were precisely determined by BluePrint and MammaPrint regardless of patient age, supporting the utility of these assays to inform treatment and surgical decisions in early-stage breast cancer.

Drawing on data gathered from 554 focal participants in the German Family Panel (pairfam) study surveyed at 4 time points spanning 2 intimate unions, this brief report investigated changes in 3 indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem) across partnerships. Latent change score-modeling results showed no mean-level changes in life satisfaction or self-esteem from Time 1 in Partnership 1 to Time 2 of Partnership 2 and a slight increase in depressive symptoms across partnerships. This overall stability in subjective well-being was evident despite a series of changes in the interim period: Subjective well-being worsened as the end of Partnership 1 approached, improved after the initiation of Partnership 2, and leveled off as Partnership 2 progressed. Being female predicted worse initial subjective well-being at the outset of the study, a greater decrease in well-being as participants approached the end of Partnership 1, and an overall reduction in self-esteem and increase in depression symptoms across partnerships. Being older, married in Partnership 1, and having a longer duration first partnership predicted worse initial well-being, a steeper decrease in life satisfaction as Partnership 1 drew to a close, and older participants had lower life satisfaction across unions. These findings add to a growing literature documenting the remarkable stability of individual and relational functioning across time while also highlighting those most at risk of reduced subjective well-being across partnerships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Do patterns of intimate relationship development foreshadow whether couples' unions stay together or end in separation? Integrating tenets from the enduring dynamics and emergent distress models of relationship development, we propose an accumulating distress model suggesting that the trajectories of those in dissolving partnerships (i.e., unions that ultimately end) are characterized by higher base levels of distress that increase more rapidly over time compared to those in continuing partnerships. In addition, we propose that this pattern applies to codevelopment between partners: those in dissolving unions are expected to have higher base dissimilarity that increases more rapidly over time compared to continuing couples. We further test whether the proposed patterns of codevelopment are equally apparent in young and middle adult couples. To test this model, we draw on data from 1,965 couples from 2 age groups in the German Family Panel study surveyed annually 7 times. Results support the concept of accumulating distress in the trajectories of relationship satisfaction, commitment, and conflict. For codevelopment, increasing dissimilarity in dissolving couples emerged for connectedness and autonomy in the relationship. In addition, dissolving partners became more similar in their low degree of commitment to the relationship. Age-related analyses broadly replicated the pattern of accumulating distress in young and middle adult couples with few exceptions for young adult women. In sum, in accordance with an accumulating distress concept of relationship codevelopment, our results revealed higher base and increasing levels of distress and dissimilarity across time among partners in dissolving unions compared to continuing couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

When examining the associations between personality traits and partner relationships, the majority of studies have focused on the one-way effects of personality traits on the quality and stability of relationships. Recent work, however, has shown that relationships likewise retroact on personality traits and their development. Apart from these mutual influences, recent studies have also emphasized the necessity of considering both members of a couple in order to understand how their personalities and perceptions of the relationship interact. We review the status quo of research on personality-relationship transactions and outline suggestions for future research that move the focus from predicting the interplay between the two domains to explaining how personality traits and partner relationships dynamically interact. Specifically, we propose the need for (a) a functional perspective on personality traits, (b) a differentiated view of behavior, and (c) acknowledgment of the dynamic nature of traits and relationships in appropriate analysis models.

Early adulthood is a time of substantial personality change characterized by large inter–individual diversity. To investigate the role of age in this diversity, the present study examined whether emerging adults differ from an older group of young adults in their Big Five personality development. By means of multi–group latent change modelling, two groups of 16– to 19–year–olds ( n = 3555) and 26– to 29–year–olds ( n = 2621) were tracked over the course of four years and compared regarding four aspects of personality change: mean–level change, rank–order change, inter–individual differences in change, and profile change. In addition, age–differential socialization effects associated with six first–time life events were investigated. Analyses revealed substantial age differences in all four aspects of change. As expected, emerging adults showed greater change and diversity in change than young adults. However, the six life events had no age–differential impact on change in single traits and Big Five profiles. Overall, the results indicate that age differences should be considered even in specific life stages to advance the understanding of personality development. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) relates to higher levels of concern and supportive behavior toward the disadvantaged, stronger endorsement of human rights, and stronger responses in favor of global harmony. So far, IWAH has been conceptualized as a one-dimensional construct describing the degree with which one identifies with all humans as a superordinate ingroup. However, recent group identification models suggest a multi-dimensional model to provide a more differentiated approach toward the understanding of the highest level of social identification. Using principal axis (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) factor analyses, we suggest that IWAH sub-divides into two dimensions—global self-definition and global self-investment. Study 2 revealed that global self-investment was a stronger predictor for both convergent measures (e.g., social dominance orientation and authoritarianism) and behavioral intentions than global self-definition. Finally, in Study 3, we manipulated IWAH to test its causal effect on donation behavior. Participants in the experimental condition, compared with the control condition, showed higher global self-investment, which in turn predicted greater giving to global charity. These findings suggest that two dimensions with different behavioral outcomes underlie IWAH.

Previous research on the role of self–esteem in partner relationships indicates that it is both predictive of and predicted by variables such as relationship satisfaction. However, most of these studies were constrained to only relationship satisfaction, cross–sectional or individual data. In the present study, we examine the dynamic interplay between self–esteem and both broad (i.e. relationship satisfaction) and specific aspects of relationship quality (independence and connectedness) reflecting the fulfilment of agentic and communal needs in stable partner relationships from both an intrapersonal perspective and an interpersonal perspective. Study 1 assessed 186 individuals at three measurement occasions over 15 years and suggests a common developmental dynamic between self–esteem and relationship satisfaction, as indicated by initial correlations and correlated changes. In Study 2, actor and partner effects in stable couples ( N = 2124 dyads) were examined over a period of three years. It was found that self–esteem and all three aspects of relationship quality are dynamically intertwined in such a way that both previous levels and changes in one domain predict later changes in the other domain. Together, the findings indicate that self–esteem is consequential for the development of a variety of relationship aspects but likewise influenced by these very aspects. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral palsy (CP) remains the world's most common childhood physical disability with total annual costs of care and lost well-being of $A3.87b. The PREDICT-CP (NHMRC 1077257 Partnership Project: Comprehensive surveillance to PREDICT outcomes for school age children with CP) study will investigate the influence of brain structure, body composition, dietary intake, oropharyngeal function, habitual physical activity, musculoskeletal development (hip status, bone health) and muscle performance on motor attainment, cognition, executive function, communication, participation, quality of life and related health resource use costs. The PREDICT-CP cohort provides further follow-up at 8-12 years of two overlapping preschool-age cohorts examined from 1.5 to 5 years (NHMRC 465128 motor and brain development; NHMRC 569605 growth, nutrition and physical activity). METHODS AND ANALYSES: This population-based cohort study undertakes state-wide surveillance of 245 children with CP born in Queensland (birth years 2006-2009). Children will be classified for Gross Motor Function Classification System; Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Outcomes include gross motor function, musculoskeletal development (hip displacement, spasticity, muscle contracture), upper limb function, communication difficulties, oropharyngeal dysphagia, dietary intake and body composition, participation, parent-reported and child-reported quality of life and medical and allied health resource use. These detailed phenotypical data will be compared with brain macrostructure and microstructure using 3 Tesla MRI (3T MRI). Relationships between brain lesion severity and outcomes will be analysed using multilevel mixed-effects models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The PREDICT-CP protocol is a prospectively registered and ethically accepted study protocol. The study combines data at 1.5-5 then 8-12 years of direct clinical assessment to enable prediction of outcomes and healthcare needs essential for tailoring interventions (eg, rehabilitation, orthopaedic surgery and nutritional supplements) and the projected healthcare utilisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN: 12616001488493.

Guided by concepts from a relational developmental perspective, this study examined intra- and interpersonal associations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms in a sample of 1,407 couples surveyed annually across 6 years in the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relations and Family Dynamics (pairfam) study. Autoregressive cross-lagged model results demonstrated that self-esteem predicted future depressive symptoms for male partners at all times, replicating the vulnerability model for men (low self-esteem is a risk factor for future depression). Additionally, a cross-partner association emerged between symptoms of depression: Higher depressive symptoms in one partner were associated with higher levels of depression in the other partner one year later. Finally, supportive dyadic coping, the support that partners reported providing to one another in times of stress, was tested as a potential interpersonal mediator of pathways between self-esteem and depression. Female partners' higher initial levels of self-esteem predicted male partners' subsequent reports of increased supportive dyadic coping, which, in turn, predicted higher self-esteem and fewer symptoms of depression among female partners in the future. Male partners' initially higher symptoms of depression predicted less frequent supportive dyadic coping subsequently reported by female partners, which was associated with increased feelings of depression in the future. Couple relations represent an important contextual factor that may be implicated in the developmental pathways connecting self-esteem and symptoms of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record

In this chapter, we take a closer look at social relationships and their importance for personality development. Adopting a transactional perspective, we propose that a person’s individual dispositions and her or his personal relationships interact continuously and reciprocally across the life span. Focusing on family, peers, and romantic partners as three important types of relationships, we consider the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these social ties that spur personality development. We suggest that each type of relationship has a circumscribed life phase in which it is particularly important for personality development. We call this the life span hypothesis and will revise this assumption against the background of the existing literature. We discuss how relationships with family, peers, and romantic partners vary with regard to their influence across the life span, and offer suggestions for future research.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the patterns of motor type and gross motor functional severity in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh and Australia. METHODS: We used comparison of 2 prospective studies. A total of 300 children with CP were aged 18 to 36 months, 219 Australian children (mean age, 26.6 months; 141 males) recruited through tertiary and community services, and 81 clinic-attendees born in Bangladesh (mean age, 27.5 months; 50 males). All children had diagnosis confirmed by an Australian physician, and birth and developmental history collected on the Physician Checklist. All children were classified by the same raters between countries using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and motor type and distribution. RESULTS: There were more children from GMFCS I–II in the Australian sample (GMFCS I, P < .01; III, P < .01; V, P = .03). The patterns of motor type also differed significantly with more spasticity and less dyskinetic types in the Australian sample (spasticity, P < .01; dystonia, P < .01; athetosis, P < .01). Birth risk factors were more common in the Bangladesh sample, with risk factors of low Apgar scores (Australia, P < .01), lethargy/seizures (Australia, P = .01), and term birth (Bangladesh, P = .03) associated with poorer gross motor function. Cognitive impairments were significantly more common in the Bangladesh children (P < .01), and visual impairments more common in Australia (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of functional severity, motor type, comorbidities, etiology, and environmental risk factors differed markedly between settings. Our results contribute to understanding the patterns of CP in low-resource settings, and may assist in optimizing service delivery and prioritizing appropriate early interventions for children with CP in these settings.

Engaging in a romantic relationship represents one important life experience in young adulthood that has been shown to catalyze age-related decrease in neuroticism (Neyer & Lehnart, 2007). The current research builds directly on this finding by investigating one process that underlies the partnership effect. We focused on the relationship-specific interpretation bias (RIB; Finn, Mitte, & Neyer, 2013), which is the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a negative way. It was expected that the RIB decreases within relationships in young adulthood and that this decrease in turn predicts long-term declines in neuroticism. A sample of 245 young adult romantic couples was assessed four times across 9 months. Actor and partner effects of changes in the RIB on changes in neuroticism were analyzed using a dyadic dual change model. Recent time-to-time decreases in the RIB predicted one's own (actor effect) decline in neuroticism across 9 months. Similarly, there was a trend for a partner effect. We conclude that changes in biased relationship-specific interpretations reflect one unique process that contributes to the understanding of romantic relationship effects on personality development.

Neuroticism has repeatedly been shown to be a predictor of relationship dissatisfaction in couples. The aim of the current research was to uncover the underlying cognitive processes of this robust effect. We focused on anxiety as one aspect of neuroticism that is associated with different kinds of cognitive biases. On the basis of the assumption that biased information processing will also affect specific interpersonal contexts such as romantic relationships, it was expected that the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a rather negative way would work as a potential mediator. In Study 1, parallel forms of a new measure to capture the relationship–specific interpretation bias (RIB) were developed (N = 182). In Study 2, the proposed meditational role of the RIB was investigated in a dyadic sample of 210 couples. Dyadic analysis using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model showed mediation of the interpretation bias even when the general interpretation bias and attachment styles were controlled. Results support the assumption that biased relationship–specific interpretations are one important mechanism for how neuroticism exerts its negative influence on relationship satisfaction. We conclude that personality–congruent cognitive processing may not only have individual consequences but also affect overall couple functioning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background More than 50 percent of all infants born very preterm will experience significant motor and cognitive impairment. Provision of early intervention is dependent upon accurate, early identification of infants at risk of adverse outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age combined with General Movements assessment at 12 weeks corrected age is currently the most accurate method for early prediction of cerebral palsy at 12 months corrected age. To date no studies have compared the use of earlier magnetic resonance imaging combined with neuromotor and neurobehavioural assessments (at 30 weeks postmenstrual age) to predict later motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes including cerebral palsy (at 12–24 months corrected age). This study aims to investigate i) the relationship between earlier brain imaging and neuromotor/neurobehavioural assessments at 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age, and ii) their ability to predict motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 and 12 months corrected age. Methods/design This prospective cohort study will recruit 80 preterm infants born ≤30 week’s gestation and a reference group of 20 healthy term born infants from the Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Infants will undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging at approximately 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age to develop our understanding of very early brain structure at 30 weeks and maturation that occurs between 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age. A combination of neurological (Hammersmith Neonatal Neurologic Examination), neuromotor (General Movements, Test of Infant Motor Performance), neurobehavioural (NICU Network Neurobehavioural Scale, Premie-Neuro) and visual assessments will be performed at 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age to improve our understanding of the relationship between brain structure and function. These data will be compared to motor assessments at 12 weeks corrected age and motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months corrected age (neurological assessment by paediatrician, Bayley scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment) to differentiate atypical development (including cerebral palsy and/or motor delay). Discussion Earlier identification of those very preterm infants at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and motor outcomes provides an additional period for intervention to optimise outcomes. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000280707. Registered 8 March 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0439-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Professor John Hume's Rolt lecture (Industrial Archaeology Review, May 2003) drew attention to the ways in which hitherto unregarded forms of technology have come to be regarded as historically significant artefacts, and to the ways in which individuals had made this cultural change possible. The following article considers the ways in which individuals and institutions collecting computers reflect and drive the same process with the next generation of technology, the computer.

This is a study of change over time, both in attitudes to objects, and in the manner of their collection. The example of a pair of columns from a Mycenaean tholos tomb, the so-called ‘Treasury of Atreus’ at Mycenae, serves as a point of departure for discussion of the value of material culture in the context of archaeology’s emergence as a discipline.

Engaging in a romantic relationship represents one important life experience in young adulthood that has been shown to catalyze age-related decrease in neuroticism (NeyerLehnart, 2007). The current research builds directly on this finding by investigating one process that underlies the partnership effect. We focused on the relationship-specific interpretation bias (RIB; Finn, Mitte,Neyer, 2013), which is the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a negative way. It was expected that the RIB decreases within relationships in young adulthood and that this decrease in turn predicts long-term declines in neuroticism. A sample of 245 young adult romantic couples was assessed four times across 9 months. Actor and partner effects of changes in the RIB on changes in neuroticism were analyzed using a dyadic dual change model. Recent time-to-time decreases in the RIB predicted one's own (actor effect) decline in neuroticism across 9 months. Similarly, there was a trend for a partner effect. We conclude that changes in biased relationship-specific interpretations reflect one unique process that contributes to the understanding of romantic relationship effects on personality development.

Over the past few years in the UK, archaeology has joined gardening, cookery and home make-overs as a motherlode for popular TV programming and feature articles. From a period of shifting uncomfortably between dull, if worthy, accounts of new finds with a limited non-academic significance, and the blatant sensationalisation of evidence, there is an increasing tendency to make more of any ‘mysterious’ data particularly that involving bodies, Egyptians, cosmic links, drugs and sex. It makes for good viewing figures, but some archaeologists have expressed concern that the stories are skewing the subject. This paper offers evidence from the front-lines of both journalism and archaeology – and suggests that archaeologists should pay more attention to how they, too, tell stories.[The grave]contained an inhumed body wearing hobnailed footwear accompanied by a small New Forest beaker placed at the neck. The body had been covered by a board of planks nailed together which rested on a ledge left towards the...

This short paper will discuss the role of the archaeologist and writer Jacquetta Hawkes as filmmaker. It is set within the context of her widely ranging work — from poetry and journalism to guide books and academic papers — which made varying contributions to the communication of archaeology from the 1930s to the 1980s

A ‘heritage manager’ who wishes a quiet and an orderly life may hope their heritage place is culturally dead; whatever meaning it once had, now it is an archaeological site, an ancient monument, a tourist attraction. But many sites are not dead. Chaco Canyon, the celebrated complex in the desert of the US Southwest, is of continuing value to Native Americans of its region; and the place has become a focus for New Age ceremony — itself in part inspired by Native American knowledge.

The subject of ‘home’ has long preoccupied the arts and humanities, from the longing of homesickness, to the art of domestic interiors, and Virginia Woolf’s plea for creative homecoming in ‘a room of one’s own’. The fragile relationship between owning and losing a home is a contemporary concern in a turbulent economic age. In traditional archaeological contexts, one can examine the sudden abandonment of home, the result of natural disaster, war, famine or unknown causes; here I consider how this might work in more recent contexts (see also Schofield, Digging for (Invisible) People, 2010).

Silicon Valley’s technological motherlode is an unlikely find site for traditional excavation, but it provides contemporary archaeologists with a unique take on material culture. The author, who is also a journalist, witnessed the rapid change-over-time in the fortunes of Silicon Valley during the dotcom boom, and bust of 1999/2000. She has continued her fieldwork over the past decade, and she argues that the cycle of technology-from cutting edge to redundancy-and those whose prescience has preserved the discards of technology, offer valuable material for contemporary archaeology. She situates the assemblages of computer collectors, with the curated artefacts in tech museums, and other institutions engaged with the history of computing, and suggests that it is the hobbyists, often with specialist insight into a family of product or machine, who have played a valuable role in saving Silicon Valley heritage by collecting at a time of accelerating discard.

Romantic relationships are associated with personality maturation, particularly with a decrease of neuroticism. As the mechanisms underlying this development are not well understood, I assume that changes in specific personality-congruent information processing play a major role for maturation within this context. Specifically, the relationship-specific interpretation bias (RIB; Finn, Mitte, & Neyer, 2013) which is described as the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a rather negative way should decrease in emerging relationships. I propose that particularly recent decreases in the RIB may explain romantic partner’s maturation to more emotionally stable individuals. Data from a four-wave longitudinal study over nine months (N = 287 couples) that were analyzed in a so-called latent dyadic change-change model will be presented. Results indicate intra- and interpersonal maturation effects within this sample of newly enamored couples and point to the usefulness of detailed change analyses to uncover potential mechanisms of development.

Cerebral palsy (CP) results from a static brain lesion during pregnancy or early life and remains the most common cause of physical disability in children (1 in 500). While the brain lesion is static, the physical manifestations and medical issues may progress resulting in altered motor patterns. To date, there are no prospective longitudinal studies of CP that follow a birth cohort to track early gross and fine motor development and use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to determine the anatomical pattern and likely timing of the brain lesion. Existing studies do not consider treatment costs and outcomes. This study aims to determine the pathway(s) to motor outcome from diagnosis at 18 months corrected age (c.a.) to outcome at 5 years in relation to the nature of the brain lesion (using structural MRI). This prospective cohort study aims to recruit a total of 240 children diagnosed with CP born in Victoria (birth years 2004 and 2005) and Queensland (birth years 2006–2009). Children can enter the study at any time between 18 months to 5 years of age and will be assessed at 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 60 months c.a. Outcomes include gross motor function (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS); musculoskeletal development (hip displacement, spasticity, muscle contracture), upper limb function (Manual Ability Classification System), communication difficulties using Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales-Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP), participation using the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), parent reported quality of life and classification of medical and allied health resource use and determination of the aetiology of CP using clinical evaluation combined with MRI. The relationship between the pathways to motor outcome and the nature of the brain lesion will be analysed using multiple methods including non-linear modelling, multilevel mixed-effects models and generalised estimating equations. This protocol describes a large population-based study of early motor development and brain structure in a representative sample of preschool aged children with CP, using direct clinical assessment. The results of this study will be published in peer reviewed journals and presented at relevant international conferences. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ( ACTRN1261200169820 )