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2. Changes in Stratospheric Dynamics Simulated by the EC‐Earth Model From CMIP5 to CMIP6.

Author

Serva, F., Christiansen, B., Davini, P., von Hardenberg, J., van den Oord, G., Reerink, T. J., Wyser, K., and Yang, S.

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC models, *ZONAL winds, *GRAVITY waves, *UPPER atmosphere, *STRATOSPHERE, *QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology), *OZONE layer
Abstract

The simulated stratospheric dynamics have been improved compared to previous generations in many climate models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This was achieved by going from low to high‐top configurations, that is, increasing the atmospheric vertical resolution, raising the model lid height and including parameterization schemes, such as non‐orographic gravity wave drag (GWD), to simulate small‐scale processes. This also applies to the EC‐Earth model, for which comprehensive analysis is now possible thanks to outputs archived within the Dynamics and Variability Model Intercomparison Project (DynVarMIP). Here we analyze atmosphere‐only simulations and evaluate the stratospheric dynamics of low‐top CMIP5 and high‐top CMIP6 configurations of EC‐Earth against the MERRA‐2 and ERA5 reanalyses. This allows us to identify and interpret model biases in the atmospheric component and to highlight deficiencies needed to be addressed in future model versions. We find substantial improvements in the simulation of the stratosphere in the CMIP6 configuration, both in the tropical and extratropical regions. The zonal wind momentum budget in the tropical stratosphere is much improved in the high‐top configuration. Seasonal variability of both models is qualitatively similar to the reanalysis, but for the low‐top model this is likely due to compensating errors, as its intraseasonal variability is less realistic. The non‐orographic GWD forcing is weak in the high‐top model and this limits the realism of the tropical stratosphere variability. We point to persisting issues in the stratosphere of EC‐Earth that should be tackled to improve hemispheric‐scale circulation and variability. Plain Language Summary: A realistic representation of the stratosphere in climate models is important since changes in this layer of the atmosphere have significant impacts on surface weather and climate. Current models are able to simulate this region but they often struggle to represent it realistically, mostly due to computational limitations and overly simplified process representation. In this work we document how the simulation of the stratosphere has improved in the EC‐Earth model between phase 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). This analysis is facilitated by the availability of outputs prepared for these simulations and two recent reanalysis products, which we use as reference. We find substantial changes between the two model versions, with the CMIP6 configuration in better agreement with reanalysis results. The extended diagnostics help us by indicating possible developments to improve the fidelity of the model. Key Points: We evaluate the stratospheric dynamics of CMIP5 and CMIP6 versions of the EC‐Earth modelSimulation of the stratosphere is in better agreement with reanalyses in the EC‐Earth CMIP6 configurationBiases in the upper atmosphere of the CMIP6 model version are quantified with DynVarMIP diagnostics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Efficacy of five ‘sporicidal’ surface disinfectants against Clostridioides difficile spores in suspension tests and 4-field tests

Author

Gemein, S., primary, Andrich, R., additional, Christiansen, B., additional, Decius, M., additional, Exner, M., additional, Hunsinger, B., additional, Imenova, E., additional, Kampf, G., additional, Koburger-Janssen, T., additional, Konrat, K., additional, Martiny, H., additional, Meckel, M., additional, Mutters, N.T., additional, Pitten, F-A., additional, Schulz, S., additional, Schwebke, I., additional, and Gebel, J., additional

Published
2022
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10. A European approach to infection prevention and control goals

Author

Exner, M, Christiansen, B, Cocconi, R, Friedrich, A, Hartemann, P, Heeg, P, Heudorf, U, llschner, C, Kramer, A, Merkens, W, Oltmanns, P, Pitten, F, Sonntag, HG, Steinhauer, K, Tsakris, A, Valinteliene, R, and Voynova-Georgieva, V

Subjects
antibiotic-resistant bacteria, pandemic, Pandemie, infection prevention, COVID-19, Hygiene, infection control, Infektionsprävention, Infektionskontrolle, Europe, antibiotikaresistente Bakterien, ddc: 610, Umweltkatastrophe, environmental disaster, Europa
Abstract

The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 has underlined the importance of a joint effort and approach to ensure patient and health care worker safety in medical care throughout Europe. In addition, the recent flood disasters in Germany and other countries called for immediate joint action, in this case with regard to the prevention of water-borne infections. Environmental disasters will increase with consequences for hospitals and nursing homes. Cooperative efforts are needed for preventing and controlling associated infection outbreaks, new pathogens will appear and a geographic shift of infectious diseases previously not detected in certain areas has already been observed.This approach to infection prevention and control must entail structural as well as regulatory aspects. The principle of equal protection against infections in all European countries must be implemented. Prevention and control of infections, including nosocomial infections, infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well as pandemics, need to be based on equal standards in all of Europe.Protection against infections and other public health risks in all European countries is the best guarantor for building trust and identification of citizens in our common Europe. Experts in the fields of hygiene, microbiology, infectiology and epidemiology have to pool the expertise on the prevention and control of infections from different European countries and define key targets for achieving a high standard of hygiene measures throughout Europe. The participants of the Rudolf Schülke Foundation International Symposium call for immediate action and priority to be given to the realization of the proposed 16-point plan. Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie hat deutlich gemacht, wie wichtig gemeinsame Anstrengungen und ein gemeinsames Vorgehen sind, um die Sicherheit von Patienten und Mitarbeitenden in der medizinischen Versorgung in ganz Europa zu gewährleisten. Auch die jüngsten Hochwasserkatastrophen in Deutschland und anderen Ländern haben gezeigt, dass sofortige überregionale Maßnahmen, in diesem Fall zur Prävention von durch Wasser übertragenen Infektionen, dringend erforderlich sind. Umweltkatastrophen werden zunehmen, und sie haben auch für Krankenhäuser und Pflegeheime Folgen.Ausbrüche müssen verhindert und unter Kontrolle gebracht werden. Zugleich ist mit dem Auftreten neuer Krankheitserreger sowie mit einer bereits jetzt zu beobachtenden geographischen Verschiebung von Infektionskrankheiten zu rechnen.Der Ansatz zur Prävention und Bekämpfung von Infektionskrankheiten muss sowohl strukturelle als auch politische Aspekte beinhalten. Es gilt, den Grundsatz des gleichen Schutzes vor Infektionen in allen europäischen Ländern umzusetzen. Prävention und Bekämpfung von Infektionen, einschließlich nosokomialer Infektionen, Infektionen durch antibiotikaresistente Bakterien sowie Pandemien, müssen in ganz Europa auf den gleichen Standards beruhen.Der Schutz vor Infektionen und anderen Risiken für die öffentliche Gesundheit in allen Ländern Europas ist der beste Garant für die Schaffung von Vertrauen und Identifikation der Bürger in unserem gemeinsamen Europa. Expertinnen und Experten auf den Gebieten der Hygiene, Mikrobiologie, Infektiologie und Epidemiologie müssen ihre Expertise zur Prävention und Bekämpfung von Infektionen aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern bündeln und die wichtigsten Ziele zur Erreichung eines hohen Standards von Hygienemaßnahmen in Europa definieren. Die Teilnehmer des Internationalen Symposions der Rudolf Schülke Foundation fordern, umgehend zu handeln und der Umsetzung des vorgeschlagenen 16-Punkte-Plans Priorität einzuräumen.

Published
2021

12. Adjuvant abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy for high-risk early breast cancer: updated efficacy and Ki-67 analysis from the monarchE study

Author

Harbeck, N., primary, Rastogi, P., additional, Martin, M., additional, Tolaney, S.M., additional, Shao, Z.M., additional, Fasching, P.A., additional, Huang, C.S., additional, Jaliffe, G.G., additional, Tryakin, A., additional, Goetz, M.P., additional, Rugo, H.S., additional, Senkus, E., additional, Testa, L., additional, Andersson, M., additional, Tamura, K., additional, Del Mastro, L., additional, Steger, G.G., additional, Kreipe, H., additional, Hegg, R., additional, Sohn, J., additional, Guarneri, V., additional, Cortés, J., additional, Hamilton, E., additional, André, V., additional, Wei, R., additional, Barriga, S., additional, Sherwood, S., additional, Forrester, T., additional, Munoz, M., additional, Shahir, A., additional, San Antonio, B., additional, Nabinger, S.C., additional, Toi, M., additional, Johnston, S.R.D., additional, O’Shaughnessy, J., additional, Jimenez, M.M., additional, Johnston, S., additional, Boyle, F., additional, Neven, P., additional, Jiang, Z., additional, Campone, M., additional, Huober, J., additional, Shimizu, C., additional, Cicin, I., additional, Wardley, A., additional, Abuin, G.G., additional, Zarba, J., additional, Lim, E., additional, Sant, P., additional, Liao, N., additional, Christiansen, B., additional, Eigeliene, N., additional, Martin-Babau, J., additional, Ettl, J., additional, Mavroudis, D., additional, Chiu, J., additional, Boer, K., additional, Nagarkar, R., additional, Paluch-Shimon, S., additional, Moscetti, L., additional, Sagara, Y., additional, Kim, S.-B., additional, Maciel, M.M., additional, Tjan-Heijnen, V., additional, Broom, R., additional, Lacko, A., additional, Schenker, M., additional, Volkov, N., additional, Sim Yap, Y., additional, Coccia-Portugal, M., additional, Ángel García Sáenz, J., additional, Andersson, A., additional, Chao, T.-Y., additional, Gokmen, E., additional, Harputluoglu, H., additional, Berzoy, O., additional, Patt, D., additional, McArthur, H., additional, Chew, H., additional, Chalasani, P., additional, Kaufman, P., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, and Graff, S.L., additional

Published
2021
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13. Hautantiseptik

Author

Heeg, P., Christiansen, B., Kramer, Axel, editor, Gröschel, D., editor, Heeg, P., editor, Hingst, V., editor, Lippert, H., editor, Rotter, M., editor, and Weuffen, W., editor

Published
1993
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21. Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere

Author

Neubert, T., Rycroft, M., Farges, T., Blanc, E., Chanrion, O., Arnone, E., Odzimek, A., Arnold, N., Enell, C.-F., Turunen, E., Bösinger, T., Mika, Á., Haldoupis, C., Steiner, R. J., van der Velde, O., Soula, S., Berg, P., Boberg, F., Thejll, P., Christiansen, B., Ignaccolo, M., Füllekrug, M., Verronen, P. T., Montanya, J., and Crosby, N.

Published
2008
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22. Northern Winter Climate Change: Assessment of Uncertainty in CMIP5 Projections Related to Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling

Author

Manzini, E, Karpechko, A.Yu, Anstey, J, Shindell, Drew Todd, Baldwin, M.P, Black, R.X, Cagnazzo, C, Calvo, N, Charlton-Perez, A, Christiansen, B, Davini, Paolo, Gerber, E, Giorgetta, M, Gray, L, Hardiman, S.C, Lee, Y.-Y, Marsh, D.R, McDaniel, B.A, Purich, A, Scaife, A.A, Shindell, Drew, Son, S.-W, Watanabe, S, and Zappa, G

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Future changes in the stratospheric circulation could have an important impact on northern winter tropospheric climate change, given that sea level pressure (SLP) responds not only to tropospheric circulation variations but also to vertically coherent variations in troposphere-stratosphere circulation. Here we assess northern winter stratospheric change and its potential to influence surface climate change in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble. In the stratosphere at high latitudes, an easterly change in zonally averaged zonal wind is found for the majority of the CMIP5 models, under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Comparable results are also found in the 1% CO2 increase per year projections, indicating that the stratospheric easterly change is common feature in future climate projections. This stratospheric wind change, however, shows a significant spread among the models. By using linear regression, we quantify the impact of tropical upper troposphere warming, polar amplification, and the stratospheric wind change on SLP. We find that the intermodel spread in stratospheric wind change contributes substantially to the intermodel spread in Arctic SLP change. The role of the stratosphere in determining part of the spread in SLP change is supported by the fact that the SLP change lags the stratospheric zonally averaged wind change. Taken together, these findings provide further support for the importance of simulating the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere, to narrow the uncertainty in the future projection of tropospheric circulation changes.

Published
2014
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29. Building Relationships: Changing Technology and Society

Author

Koç, G, Christiansen, B, Loy, J, Schork, T, Koç, G, Christiansen, B, Loy, J, and Schork, T

Abstract

This chapter describes how digital immersion, changing social values, and environmental and economic pressures have the potential to create a paradigm shift in relationships between people and their built environment with the growing sustainability imperative. It responds to emerging opportunities provided by digital technologies for the construction, maintenance, and heritage curation of the life of buildings, and draws on aligned changes in thinking apparent in manufacturing, healthcare, business, and education in the 21st century. The ideas that shape this chapter are relevant to architects and educators, but also to scholars and practitioners across disciplines because they provide an innovative approach in responding to the types of changes currently impacting societies worldwide.

Published
2019

30. Characterization of the lactococcal temperature phage TP901-1 and its site-specific integration

Author

Christiansen, B., Johnsen, M.G., Stenby, E., Vogensen, F.K., and Hammer, K.

Subjects
Bacteriophages -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The characterization and restriction mapping of Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris phage 901-1 reveals that the phage resembles TP936-1 which also belongs to the P335 phage group. Both phages are homoimmune and possess simulator restriction patterns with five enzymes. The TP901-1 phages are capable of lysogenizing L. cremoris 3107 and Wg2. This leads to site-specific phage genome insertion into the bacterial chromosome.

Published
1994

33. Interlaboratory reproducibility of a test method following 4-field test methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of Clostridium difficile spores

Author

Gemein, S., primary, Gebel, J., additional, Christiansen, B., additional, Martiny, H., additional, Vossebein, L., additional, Brill, F.H.H., additional, Decius, M., additional, Eggers, M., additional, Koburger-Janssen, T., additional, Meckel, M., additional, Werner, S., additional, Hunsinger, B., additional, Selhorst, T., additional, Kampf, G., additional, and Exner, M., additional

Published
2019
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36. Task and Activity

Author

Christiansen, B., Walther, G., Bishop, A. J., editor, Christiansen, B., editor, Howson, A. G., editor, and Otte, M., editor

Published
1986
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37. National Objectives and Possibilities for Collaboration

Author

Christiansen, B.

Abstract

In this paper, prepared for a European conference on mathematics education in the 1980's, the author addresses the questions of the nature of mathematics and of mathematics education. From these discussions he derives a set of goals, and describes the relationships of various political and scientific phenomena to them. (SD)

Published
1975

39. Antibiotic resistance: What is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria?

Author

Exner, M, Bhattacharya, S, Christiansen, B, Gebel, J, Goroncy-Bermes, P, Hartemann, P, Heeg, P, Ilschner, C, Kramer, A, Larson, E, Merkens, W, Mielke, M, Oltmanns, P, Ross, B, Rotter, M, Schmithausen, RM, Sonntag, HG, Trautmann, M, Exner, M, Bhattacharya, S, Christiansen, B, Gebel, J, Goroncy-Bermes, P, Hartemann, P, Heeg, P, Ilschner, C, Kramer, A, Larson, E, Merkens, W, Mielke, M, Oltmanns, P, Ross, B, Rotter, M, Schmithausen, RM, Sonntag, HG, and Trautmann, M

Abstract

In the past years infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have dramatically increased in all parts of the world. This consensus paper is based on presentations, subsequent discussions and an appraisal of current literature by a panel of international experts invited by the Rudolf Schülke Stiftung, Hamburg. It deals with the epidemiology and the inherent properties of Gram-negative bacteria, elucidating the patterns of the spread of antibiotic resistance, highlighting reservoirs as well as transmission pathways and risk factors for infection, mortality, treatment and prevention options as well as the consequences of their prevalence in livestock. Following a global, One Health approach and based on the evaluation of the existing knowledge about these pathogens, this paper gives recommendations for prevention and infection control measures as well as proposals for various target groups to tackle the threats posed by Gram-negative bacteria and prevent the spread and emergence of new antibiotic resistances., In den letzten Jahren haben die durch multiresistente Gram-negative Bakterien (MRGN) verursachten Infektionen in allen Teilen der Welt dramatisch zugenommen. Der vorliegende Konsensus basiert auf Vorträgen mit sich anschließenden Diskussionen und späterer Auswertung der einschlägigen Literatur durch ein internationales Expertengremium, das von der Rudolf Schülke Stiftung, Hamburg, zu dem Meeting nach Hamburg eingeladen worden war. Im Fokus standen die Epidemiologie und die besonderen Eigenschaften Gram-negativer Bakterien, die Ausbreitung der Antibiotikaresistenz, die Reservoire, Übertragungswege und Risikofaktoren für Infektionen, die Mortalität, die Therapie und die Möglichkeiten der Prävention einschließlich der Konsequenzen des Vorkommens in der industriellen Tierhaltung. Dem One Health Ansatz folgend und basierend auf der Bewertung des Wissensstandes zu diesen Erregern werden Empfehlungen zur Prävention und Bekämpfung sowie Vorschläge für verschiedene Zielgruppen unterbreitet, um der Bedrohung durch MRGN zu begegnen, ihre Ausbreitung zu verhindern und die Entstehung neuer Antibiotikaresistenzen zu unterbinden.

Published
2017

42. SEAMOX: The Influence of Seamounts and Oxygen Minimum Zones on Pelagic Fauna in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Cruise No. MSM49 November 28 - December 21, 2015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) - Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde)

Author

Christiansen, B., Buchholz, C., Buchholz, F., Chi, Xupeng, Christiansen, S., Denda, A., Fabrizius, Eduard, Hauss, Helena, Hoving, Henk-Jan T., Janßen, S., Kaufmann, M., Kronschnabel, A., Lischka, Alexandra, Lüskow, F., Martin, B., Merten, V., Silva, P., Pinheiro, N., Springer, B., Zankl, S., and Zeimet, T.

Published
2016

47. SEAMOX:The influence of Seamounts and Oxygen Minimum Zones on Pelagic Fauna in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Cruise No. MSM49 – November 28 – December 21, 2015 – Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) – Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde)

Author

Christiansen, B., Buchholz, C., Buchholz, F., Chi, X., Christiansen, S., Denda, A., Fabrizius, E., Hauss, H., Hoving, H.J.T., Janßen, S., Kaufmann, M., Kronschnabel, A., Lischka, A., Lüskow, F., Martin, B., Merten, V., Silva, P., Pinheiro, N., Springer, B., Zankl, S., Zeimet, T., Christiansen, B., Buchholz, C., Buchholz, F., Chi, X., Christiansen, S., Denda, A., Fabrizius, E., Hauss, H., Hoving, H.J.T., Janßen, S., Kaufmann, M., Kronschnabel, A., Lischka, A., Lüskow, F., Martin, B., Merten, V., Silva, P., Pinheiro, N., Springer, B., Zankl, S., and Zeimet, T.

Published
2016

48. Hygiene guideline for the planning, installation, and operation of ventilation and air-conditioning systems in health-care settings - Guideline of the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH)

Author

Külpmann, R, Christiansen, B, Kramer, A, Lüderitz, P, Pitten, FA, Wille, F, Zastrow, KD, Lemm, F, Sommer, R, Halabi, M, Külpmann, R, Christiansen, B, Kramer, A, Lüderitz, P, Pitten, FA, Wille, F, Zastrow, KD, Lemm, F, Sommer, R, and Halabi, M

Abstract

Since the publication of the first "Hospital Hygiene Guideline for the implementation and operation of air conditioning systems (HVAC systems) in hospitals" (http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/informationen/fachinformationen/leitlinien/12) in 2002, it was necessary due to the increase in knowledge, new regulations, improved air-conditioning systems and advanced test methods to revise the guideline. Based on the description of the basic features of ventilation concepts, its hygienic test and the usage-based requirements for ventilation, the DGKH section "Ventilation and air conditioning technology" attempts to provide answers for the major air quality issues in the planning, design and the hygienically safe operation of HVAC systems in rooms of health care., Seit der Herausgabe der ersten "Krankenhaushygienischen Leitlinie für die Ausführung und den Betrieb von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen (RLT-Anlagen) in Krankenhäusern" (http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/informationen/fachinformationen/leitlinien/12) im Jahr 2002 war es auf Grund des Wissenszuwachses, neuer Regelwerke, verbesserter Raumlufttechnischer Anlagen und weiterentwickelter Prüfverfahren erforderlich, die Leitlinie zu überarbeiten. Basierend auf der Beschreibung der Grundmerkmale von Lüftungskonzepten, ihrer hygienischen Prüfung und den nutzungsabhängigen Anforderungen an die Raumlüftung hat die DGKH-Sektion "Klima und Raumlufttechnik" versucht, Antworten für die wesentlichen lufthygienischen Fragen bei der Planung, Auslegung und dem hygienisch sicheren Betrieb von RLT-Anlagen in Räumen des Gesundheitswesens zu geben.

Published
2016

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