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1. Making Sense of Fragmentary Qumran Aramaic Texts. Two Case Studies on Contradictory Grammatical vs. Content or Genre Considerations

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Dead Sea Scrolls, Aramaic, 4Q242 Prayer of Nabonid, 4Q560 Magical Text, syntax, genre, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Abstract

Fragmentary ancient texts are notoriously difficult to interpret. In this article, I offer case studies on two short sections of Qumran Aramaic texts. Part 1 analyses the various possible syntactic parsings of 4Q242 1–3, 4 and assesses the extent to which they conform to the grammar of Qumran Aramaic. Based on this assessment, I present my interpretation of the line and offer a potential reconstruction for the end of the preceding line 3. Part 2 shows how methodological decisions of the modern editors of 4Q560 1 I, 3; 5 on the text’s similarity to later Jewish incantations (or lack thereof ) have yielded completely different interpretations. In this respect, I argue that the Aramaic is ambiguous, allowing for at least two different coherent readings.

Published
2024
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3. Old and Imperial Aramaic

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Art, media_common
Published
2020

4. Story of the Tower of Babel in the Samaritan Book Asatir as a Historical Midrash on the Samaritan Revolts of the Sixth Century C.E

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Literature, Torah, Theotokos, Tower of Babel, biology, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, Philosophy, Ancient history, biology.organism_classification, Tower (mathematics), Mount, Midrash, Emperor, business, Pericope
Abstract

The Asatir is a collection of Samaritan midrashim on parts of the Torah, which reached its final form in the tenth or eleventh century. It embellishes the pericope of the Tower of Babel with a number of surprising details: The Tower of Babel was built on a mountain and had a beacon attached to its top; the mount with the tower and the valley of Shinar are compared to Mt. Gerizim and the valley of Shechem. It is argued that these embellishments were introduced in order to read the story of the Tower as a blueprint for historical events surrounding the Church of Mary Theotokos, which was built by the Emperor Zenon on Mt. Gerizim and partly destroyed by the Samaritans in their revolts against Byzantium in the sixth century. The exegetical technique of reading contemporaneous history into the biblical text is discussed from a broader comparative perspective.

Published
2021

7. Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version. Edited by Benyamim Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version. Edited by Benyamim Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2013. Pp. xxxvii + 522, illus. $26.

Published
2021

8. The Samaritans: A Profile. By Reinhard Pummer

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

The Samaritans: A Profile. By Reinhard Pummer. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2016. Pp. xiv + 362. $30 (paper).

Published
2021

11. Interjektionen

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

12. Quantifikatoren, Intensifikatoren

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

13. Existentialausdrücke

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

14. Weitere Lokaladverbien

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

15. Allgemeines

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

16. Temporaladverbien

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

17. Varia

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

18. Demonstrativadverbien

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

19. Phraseologisches: 'mit Gewalt' und 'genug!'

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

20. Adverbium der Art und Weise 'so'

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

21. Corrigenda et Addenda zu Bänden I–III

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

22. Temporalphrase 'seit'

Author

Peter Behnstedt, Manfred Woidich, Mahasin Abu Mansur, Hassan Aboukardoud, Frank Stewart, Jordi Aguadé, Khalsa Al Aghbari, Hisham A. Jawad, Munira Al Azraqi, Abdullah Al-Saqqaf, Hussain bin Ahmad bin Alawi Al-Dheeb, Enam Al-Wer, Yousuf B. AlBader, Talal Aljassar, Werner Arnold, Yahya M. Asiri, Adam Benkato, Domenyk Eades, Jacopo Falchetta, Andreas Fink, Felipe Benjamin Francisco, Bruno Herin, Clive Holes, Bruce Ingham, Rudolf de Jong, Leila Kaplan, Maciej Klimiuk, Bettina Leitner, Stefano Manfredi, Mohamed Meouak, Margit Moc, Samia Naïm, Jamila Oueslati, Ahmed-Salem Ould Mohamed-Baba, Jonathan Owens, Stephan Procházka, Adnan Rafi, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun, Cornelia Ruppert, Ulrich Seeger, Musa Shawarbah, Lameen Souag, Christian Stadel, Janet Watson, and Ineke Wellens

Published
2021

23. The Use of גם and אף in Qumran Hebrew

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
History, Biblical studies, Hebrew, Jewish studies, language, Dead Sea Scrolls, Ancient history, language.human_language
Published
2021

25. Greek Loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic

Author

Christian Stadel and Mor Shemesh

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Biblical studies, Philosophy, Religious studies, Language and Linguistics, Hebrew Bible, Classics
Abstract

For the first time, we provide a comprehensive and annotated list of 74 certain, likely, and possible Greek loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic, paying due attention to the variegated distribution of the loans in the different textual genres and chronological stages of the dialect. Greek loanwords in Jewish and Christian Palestinian Aramaic as well as Rabbinic Hebrew are compared throughout. The study provides insights into the contact situation of Greek and Samaritan Aramaic in Late Antique Palestine. An appendix contains short discussions of 22 additional lexical items for which a Greek etymon has been proposed erroneously.

Published
2018

26. ʻDurch Dein Wort ward jegliches Ding!ʼ / ʻThrough Thy Word All Things Were Made!ʼ: 2. Mandäistische und samaritanistische Tagung. Edited by Rainer Voigt

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

ʻDurch Dein Wort ward jegliches Ding!ʼ / ʻThrough Thy Word All Things Were Made!ʼ: 2. Mandäistische und samaritanistische Tagung. Edited by Rainer Voigt. Mandäistische Forschungen, vol. 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. Pp. x + 393, illus. €98.

Published
2021

27. Gemination of /R/ in Samaritan Hebrew: A Note on Phonological Diversity in Second Temple Period Hebrew

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Literature, History, business.industry, Hebrew, Judaism, Pronunciation, Biblical Hebrew, language.human_language, Gemination, Phenomenon, language, General Materials Science, Second Temple period, business, Period (music)
Abstract

In Jewish traditions of Biblical Hebrew, /r/ behaves like laryngeals and pharyngeals in that it resists gemination. Evidence from Septuagint transcriptions suggests that this lack of gemination is a late phenomenon of the post-biblical period. The Samaritan pronunciation tradition, on the other hand, attests to /rr/ in scores of forms. We offer the first comprehensive study of geminated /r/ in Samaritan Hebrew. A comparison with other traditions of Hebrew and with transcriptions allows for a fine-graded assessment of the phenomenon. It suggests that—apart from some instances of secondary development—/rr/ in Samaritan Hebrew essentially preserves an ancient trait that goes back to the biblical period. Thus, geminated /r/ represents one of the few cases in which Samaritan Hebrew is typologically older than the Tiberian tradition.

Published
2017

29. VARIEGATION IN SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD HEBREW

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Demonstrative, Hebrew, media_common.quotation_subject, Variegation (histology), language, Dead Sea Scrolls, Art, Ancient history, Second Temple period, language.human_language, media_common
Published
2019

31. Stray Remarks on the Tobit Fragments

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Literature, History, Biblical studies, business.industry, Hebrew, Jewish studies, Religious studies, Dead Sea Scrolls, Quotative, Linguistics, language.human_language, Rhetorical question, language, Tobit model, business, Hebrew Bible
Abstract

This paper discusses the rhetorical functions of quotative frames in the dialogue between Tobiah and Edna (4Q197 4 iii 3–8, Tob 7:1–5) and of Hebrew loan words in the Aramaic Tobit fragments and suggests a new explanation for the puzzling קשיטא in 4Q197 4 iii 2 (Tob 7:1), which might be a mistranslation of a Hebrew original.

Published
2016

32. Cas9-induced single cut enables highly efficient and template-free repair of a muscular dystrophy causing founder mutation

Author

Stefanie Müthel, Andreas Marg, Busem Ignak, Janine Kieshauer, Helena Escobar, Christian Stadelmann, and Simone Spuler

Subjects
MT: RNA/DNA Editing, CRISPR-Cas9, gene editing, LGMD, stem cell therapy, mRNA, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

With thousands of patients worldwide, CAPN3 c.550delA is the most frequent mutation causing severe, progressive, and untreatable limb girdle muscular dystrophy. We aimed to genetically correct this founder mutation in primary human muscle stem cells. We designed editing strategies providing CRISPR-Cas9 as plasmid and mRNA first in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and applied this strategy then in primary human muscle stem cells from patients. Mutation-specific targeting yielded highly efficient and precise correction of CAPN3 c.550delA to wild type for both cell types. Most likely a single cut generated by SpCas9 resulted in a 5′ staggered overhang of one base pair, which triggered an overhang-dependent base replication of an A:T at the mutation site. This recovered the open reading frame and the CAPN3 DNA sequence was repaired template-free to wild type, which led to CAPN3 mRNA and protein expression. Off-target analysis using amplicon sequencing of 43 in silico predicted sites demonstrates the safety of this approach. Our study extends previous usage of single cut DNA modification since our gene product has been repaired into the wild-type CAPN3 sequence with the perspective of a real cure.

Published
2023
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34. The Syntagma of kl ‘all’ with Indeterminate Plural Nouns in Imperial Aramaic and Western Middle Aramaic

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Literature, Linguistics and Language, History, Biblical studies, business.industry, Religious studies, Syntax, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, Noun phrase, Noun, Syntagma, business, Indeterminate, Hebrew Bible, Plural
Abstract

This article surveys all occurrences of the noun phrase kl ‘all’ with indeterminate plural nouns in Imperial and Western Middle Aramaic. Taking issue with the assumption that this is an archaic form of the similar determinate construction, the article exemplifies and contrasts their different nuances of meaning. It is suggested that the formal indetermination of the noun phrase marks it as non-specific. As against the construction of kl with indeterminate singular nouns it stresses plurality. The findings have implications for the origin of Imperial Aramaic and for the linguistic dating of Qumran Aramaic texts.

Published
2013

35. The ‘remembered for good’ formula in Samaritan Aramaic and early Hybrid Samaritan Hebrew

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Literature, History, Literature and Literary Theory, Hebrew, business.industry, Antique, Judaism, Religious studies, Context (language use), language.human_language, Form and function, language, business, Byzantine architecture
Abstract

This article presents for the first time all literary and epigraphic Samaritan Aramaic and early Hybrid Samaritan Hebrew examples of the ?? 'remembered for good' formula, dating from approximately the fourth to fourteenth centuries CE. The examples are examined as to their form and function in their literary as well as material context, comparing them to the pagan and Jewish attestations of the formula from Roman and Byzantine times. While highlighting some parallel developments in the Jewish and Samaritan usages, the article demonstrates the long and diverse history of this antique and prevalent Aramaic formula in the Samaritan tradition.

Published
2012

37. mRNA-mediated delivery of gene editing tools to human primary muscle stem cells

Author

Christian Stadelmann, Silvia Di Francescantonio, Andreas Marg, Stefanie Müthel, Simone Spuler, and Helena Escobar

Subjects
MT: DNA editing, human muscle stem cells, CRISPR/Cas9, gene editing, base editing, muscular dystrophy, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Muscular dystrophies are approximately 50 devastating, untreatable monogenic diseases leading to progressive muscle degeneration and atrophy. Gene correction of transplantable cells using CRISPR/Cas9-based tools is a realistic scenario for autologous cell replacement therapies to restore organ function in many genetic disorders. However, muscle stem cells have so far lagged behind due to the absence of methods to isolate and propagate them and their susceptibility to extensive ex vivo manipulations. Here, we show that mRNA-based delivery of SpCas9 and an adenine base editor results in up to >90% efficient genome editing in human muscle stem cells from many donors regardless of age and gender and without any enrichment step. Using NCAM1 as an endogenous reporter locus expressed by all muscle stem cells and whose knockout does not affect cell fitness, we show that cells edited with mRNA fully retain their myogenic marker signature, proliferation capacity, and functional attributes. Moreover, mRNA-based delivery of a base editor led to the highly efficient repair of a muscular dystrophy-causing SGCA mutation in a single selection-free step. In summary, our work establishes mRNA-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-based tools as a promising and universal approach for taking gene edited muscle stem cells into clinical application to treat muscle disease.

Published
2022
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38. The Recovery of the Aramaic Root br' 'to cleanse' and Another Possible Aramaising Rendering in the Septuagint

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Literature, Linguistics and Language, Biblical studies, Hebrew, business.industry, Philosophy, Judaism, Religious studies, Verb, Language and Linguistics, language.human_language, Rendering (computer graphics), language, business, Hebrew Bible
Abstract

Abstract One source of our knowledge of the Aramaic used in Hellenistic Egypt is the Septuagint, whose translators at times resorted to Aramaic when rendering their Hebrew Vorlage. The present article proposes one such 'Aramaising rendering', in which the Hebrew verb br' pi''el 'to cut down (wood)' was translated as if derived from the Aramaic homonymous root meaning 'to cleanse'. This root, attested in Nabataean, Samaritan, and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and mistakenly seen as an Arabism in these dialects, is recovered as Aramaic.

Published
2009

41. Crust treatments to reduce bread staling

Author

Yi Chen, Theodoros Gavaliatsis, Simon Kuster, Christian Städeli, Peter Fischer, and Erich J. Windhab

Subjects
Bread, Crust, Coatings, Crust modifications, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Crust treatments, namely edible bread coatings, enzymatic crust modification and chemical crust modification, were introduced with the intention to minimize bread water loss during ambient storage. It was observed that compared to the treated bread, the untreated bread had significantly higher weight loss and crumb firmness after 14 days of ambient storage. A large array of materials was tested, among which hydrophobic coatings were shown to have the highest moisture barrier efficiency. In particular, the 20% candelilla wax coating (solution of 20% candelilla wax in sunflower oil), 20% beeswax coating (solution of 20% beeswax in sunflower oil) and HPMC oleogel coating (coating containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose oleogel) were proved to be most effective, thanks to their low affinity with water and low water vapor permeability. The application of the 20% candelilla wax coating resulted in reductions of the bread weight loss from about 30 to 13% and the crumb firmness from above 500 to 34 ​N after a storage period of 14 days. In addition, it was noted that the enzymatic and chemical crust modifications yielded moderately good results, but showed a significantly altered appearance of the bread crust.

Published
2021
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42. A Septuagint Translation Tradition and the 'Samaritan Targum' to Genesis 41:43

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Literature, Bible translations, Literature and Literary Theory, Hapax legomenon, business.industry, Hebrew, Interpretation (philosophy), Philosophy, Religious studies, Context (language use), language.human_language, Targum, language, Ethnology, business, Hebrew Bible, Spoken language
Abstract

HapaxHapax legomena in the Hebrew Bible have posed problems of understanding ever since Hebrew ceased to be a spoken language and had to be learned as a sec ond language. Still more problematic is the case of non-Hebrew terms attested only once in the Hebrew Bible. Even Hebrew speakers, lacking the cultural background from which these terms were taken, must have found it difficult to interpret them. There probably were traditions of how each word of this sort was to be interpreted in the specific verse in which it appeared. These traditions might have passed on the original foreign meaning or might have derived a new one from the context. With the advent of Bible translations into other languages, the Septuagint (LXX), later Aramaic targums and others, such translation traditions become evident.1 In this essay, I will touch on three aspects of the interpretation of the hapax legomenonlegomenon אברך in Gen 41:43 in Samaritan sources. First, I will examine a trans lation tradition shared by the LXX and one manuscript tradition of the Samaritan Targum? Second, in order to do so, I will discuss this Samaritan Targum transla

Published
2012

43. Quotative frames in samaritan aramaic

Author

Christian Stadel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, 060303 religions & theology, History, Philosophy, 06 humanities and the arts, Quotative, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Linguistics

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