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Guidelines for resuscitation recommend positive-pressure ventilation with a fixed ventilation rate as provided by an automated transport ventilator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a secured airway. We investigated the influence of manual chest compressions (CC) on the accuracy of ventilator presets and the quality of CC with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), bilevel ventilation (BiLevel), and the novel ventilation mode chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV) in a simulation model. Ninety paramedics performed continuous CC for 2 min on a modified advanced life support mannequin with a realistic lung model. IPPV, BiLevel, and CCSV were applied in a randomized order. CCSV is a novel type of pressure-controlled ventilation with short insufflations synchronized with CC, which are stopped before decompression begins. The ventilator presets (tolerance range) were IPPV Vt = 450 (400–500) ml, PEEP = 0 hPa, f = 10/min; BiLevel Pinsp = 19 (17.1–20.9) hPa, PEEP = 5 hPa, f = 10/min; CCSV Pinsp = 60 (54–66) hPa, PEEP = 0 hPa, Tinsp = 205 ms, f = CC rate. Preset values were compared with the measured results. Values were defined as correct within a tolerance range. Quality of CC was evaluated using ERC guidelines (depth >50 mm, CC rate 100–120/min). Median (25th/75th percentiles) IPPV V t = 399 (386/411) ml, BiLevel Pinsp = 22.0 (19.7/25.6) hPa, and CCSV Pinsp = 55.2 (52.6/56.7) hPa. Relative frequency of delivering correct ventilation parameters according to ventilation mode: IPPV = 40 (0/100)% vs. BiLevel = 20 (0/100)%, p = 0.37 and vs. CCSV = 71 (50/83)%, p

Alles Wissenswerte zur Filmanalyse in einem Handbuch Um Filme zu verstehen, muss man die Filmsprache begreifen. Dieses Studienhandbuch stellt in kompakter Form das komplette Instrumentarium der Filmanalyse vor und veranschaulicht es durch Beispiele aus mehr als 100 Jahren Filmgeschichte. Systematisch wird das gesamte Spannungsfeld von Filmgeschichte, Filmtheorie und Zeichensystem des Films erschlossen. Mit dem Einsatz digitaler Technik bis hin zum 3D-Film berücksichtigt der Band auch neueste Entwicklungen.

The natural product L-783277 is a resorcylic lactone type covalent kinase inhibitor. We have prepared the 5'-deoxy analogue of L-783277 (1) in a stereoselective fashion. Remarkably, this analogue retains almost the full kinase inhibitory potential of natural L-783277, with low nanomolar IC50 values against the most sensitive kinases, and it exhibits essentially the same selectivity profile (within the panel of 39 kinases investigated). In contrast, removal of both the 4'- and the 5'-hydroxyl groups leads to a more significant reduction in kinase inhibitory activity and so does a change in the geometry of the C7'-C8' double bond in 1 from Z to E. These findings offer new perspectives for the design of second generation resorcylic lactone-based kinase inhibitors.

Background Guidelines recommend mechanical ventilation with Intermitted Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) during resuscitation. The influence of the novel ventilator mode Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation (CCSV) on gas exchange and arterial blood pressure compared with IPPV was investigated in a pig model. Methods In 12 pigs (general anaesthesia/intubation) ventricular fibrillation was induced and continuous chest compressions were started after 3min. Pigs were mechanically ventilated in a cross-over setting with 5 ventilation periods of 4min each: Ventilation modes were during the first and last period IPPV (100% O2, tidalvolumes = 7ml/kgKG, respiratoryrate = 10/min), during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th period CCSV (100% O2), a pressure-controlled and with each chest compression synchronized breathing pattern with three different presets in randomized order. Presets: CCSVA: Pinsp = 60mbar, inspiratorytime = 205ms; CCSVB: Pinsp = 60mbar, inspiratorytime = 265ms; CCSVC: Pinsp = 45mbar, inspiratorytime = 265ms. Blood gas samples were drawn for each period, mean arterial (MAP) and centralvenous (CVP) blood pressures were continuously recorded. Results as median (25%/75%percentiles). Results Ventilation with each CCSV mode resulted in higher PaO2 than IPPV: PaO2: IPPVfirst: 19.6(13.9/36.2)kPa, IPPVlast: 22.7(5.4/36.9)kPa (p = 0.77 vs IPPVfirst), CCSVA: 48.9(29.0/58.2)kPa (p = 0.028 vs IPPVfirst, p = 0.0001 vs IPPVlast), CCSVB: 54.0 (43.8/64.1) (p = 0.001 vs IPPVfirst, p = 0.0001 vs IPPVlast), CCSVC: 46.0 (20.2/58.4) (p = 0.006 vs IPPVfirst, p = 0.0001 vs IPPVlast). Both the MAP and the difference MAP-CVP did not decrease during twelve minutes CPR with all three presets of CCSV and were higher than the pressures of the last IPPV period. Conclusions All patterns of CCSV lead to a higher PaO2 and avoid an arterial blood pressure drop during resuscitation compared to IPPV in this pig model of cardiac arrest.

Das Erkenntnisinteresse von Zukunftsforschung ist auf zukunftige Entwicklungen und Sachverhalte gerichtet. Aussagen uber zukunftige Sachverhalte sind jedoch Aussagen mit einem Realitatsbezug ganz eigener Art. Im Unterschied zu anderen Wissenschaften, die Aussagen uber gegenwartige oder vergangene Realitat oder uber zeitlich invariante Zusammenhange treffen, beziehen sich die Aussagen von Zukunftsforschung auf etwas, das (noch) kein Teil der Wirklichkeit ist.

Mechanical ventilation with an automated ventilator is recommended during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a secured airway. We investigated the influence of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel ventilation, and the novel ventilator mode chest compression synchronized ventilation, a pressure-controlled ventilation triggered by each chest compression, on gas exchange, hemodynamics, and return of spontaneous circulation in a pig model.Animal study.University laboratory.Twenty-four three-month-old female domestic pigs.The study was performed on pigs under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Arterial and central venous catheters were inserted and IV rocuronium (1 mg/kg) was injected. After 3 minutes of cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation at t = 0 min), animals were randomized into intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (control group), bilevel, or chest compression synchronized ventilation group. Following 10 minute uninterrupted chest compressions and mechanical ventilation, advanced life support was performed (100% O2, up to six defibrillations, vasopressors).Blood gas samples were drawn at 0, 4 and 13 minutes. At 13 minutes, hemodynamics was analyzed beat-to-beat in the end-inspiratory and end-expiratory cycle comparing the IPPV with the bilevel group and the CCSV group. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in five of eight (intermittent positive-pressure ventilation), six of eight (bilevel), and four of seven (chest compression synchronized ventilation) pigs. The results of arterial blood gas analyses at t = 4 minutes and t = 13 minutes (torr) were as follows: PaO2 intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, 143 (76/256) and 262 (81/340); bilevel, 261 (109/386) (p = 0.195 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 236 (86/364) (p = 0.878 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation); and chest compression synchronized ventilation, 598 (471/650) (p0.001 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 634 (115/693) (p = 0.054 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation); PaCO2 intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, 40 (38/43) and 45 (36/52); bilevel, 39 (35/41) (p = 0.574 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 46 (42/49) (p = 0.798); and chest compression synchronized ventilation, 28 (27/32) (p = 0.001 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 26 (18/29) (p = 0.004); mixed venous pH intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, 7.34 (7.31/7.35) and 7.26 (7.25/7.31); bilevel, 7.35 (7.29/7.37) (p = 0.645 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 7.27 (7.17/7.31) (p = 0.645 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation); and chest compression synchronized ventilation, 7.34 (7.33/7.39) (p = 0.189 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 7.35 (7.34/7.36) (p = 0.006 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation). Mean end-inspiratory and end-expiratory arterial pressures at t = 13 minutes (mm Hg) were as follows: intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, 28.0 (25.0/29.6) and 27.9 (24.4/30.0); bilevel, 29.1 (25.6/37.1) (p = 0.574 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 28.7 (24.2/36.5) (p = 0.721 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation); and chest compression synchronized ventilation, 32.7 (30.4/33.4) (p = 0.021 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) and 27.0 (24.5/27.7) (p = 0.779 vs intermittent positive-pressure ventilation).Both intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and bilevel provided similar oxygenation and ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Chest compression synchronized ventilation elicited the highest mean arterial pressure, best oxygenation, and a normal mixed venous pH during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Organisationen machen sich laufend Bilder von der Zukunft. Diese Zukunftsbilder handeln von eigenen zukunftigen Handlungen und Projekten (Plane), von angestrebten zukunftigen Sachverhalten (Ziele) und nicht zuletzt von der zukunftigen naheren und weiteren Umwelt der Organisation (Umwelt-Zukunftsbilder).

Obwohl die Anfange der Zukunftsforschung in einem systematischen Sinn bereits auf Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts datieren (vgl. Uerz 2006, S. 257ff.), steckt sie als eine wissenschaftliche Disziplin noch immer in den Kinderschuhen. Ein Grund dafur ist darin zu sehen, dass es der Zukunftsforschung bislang nicht in ausreichender Weise gelungen ist, nachzuweisen, dass sie einer wissenschaftlichen Vorgehensweise folgt und die hohen Anforderungen einlosen kann, die an ein akademisch verankertes Forschungsfeld gestellt werden. Zudem halten sich bestimmte Vorurteile beharrlich, beispielsweise jenes, dass es die vorrangige Aufgabe der Zukunftsforschung sei, die Zukunft vorherzusagen. Dass das offentliche Bild der Zukunftsforschung daruber hinaus oft durch die Verkundung windiger Trendprognosen und greller Zukunftsvisionen diskreditiert wird, macht die Situation fur die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit Zukunft nicht einfacher. Mit einigem Selbstbewusstsein liese sich daruber noch hinwegsehen, wenn nicht auf der anderen Seite in den etablierten Wissenschaften oft die Auffassung anzutreffen ware, dass jedwede Wissenschaft zugleich in gewisser Weise auch Zukunftsforschung sei, da jede Theorie innerhalb ihres Geltungsbereiches schlieslich auch Aussagen uber die Zukunft erlaube.

In Unternehmen und anderen Organisationen geht es oft um die Zukunft, in den ubergreifenden und grundlegenden strategischen Prozessen und Entscheidungen allemal. Aber auch in Routinesituationen und in den alltaglichen Operationen spielt die Zukunft oft direkt oder indirekt eine grose Rolle: Erfolgsaussichten mussen beurteilt werden. Arbeitsvertrage werden abgeschlossen, Entwicklungsplane werden vereinbart. Teams und Abteilungen werden aufgestellt, Produktionsanlagen werden erneuert. Presse, Analysten oder die Kredit gebende Hausbank wollen etwas uber die Aussichten fur das Neue Jahr wissen.

„Rasender Stillstand“, so lautet eine metaphorische Zeitbeschreibung unserer Gesellschaft von Paul Virilio aus den 80er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts (vgl. Virilio 1989, 2008). Diese These ist jetzt 20 Jahre alt und sie bezieht sich auf die durch elektronische Medien eingetretene gewaltige Beschleunigung der Teilhabe an Entwicklungen und Ereignissen jenseits von Raum und Zeit. Drehte sich seit dem Ende der 90er Jahre die Diskussion bezuglich Zukunft um die so genannte New Economy und die damit verbundenen Themen von Wissensorganisation, digitaler Revolution, interaktiven Medien, das Internet bzw. e-Business, so war man schon bald – 2001 – beim Katerfruhstuck angelangt. Wieder einmal wurde deutlich, dass das Neue nicht in jedem Fall das vermeintlich Alte ersetzt, sondern dass sich beide vielmehr erganzen. Zumal die Fragen z.B. um Bio-, Gen- und Nano-Technologie eine neue Runde im Diskurs um Zukunftsperspektiven einleiteten.

The demographic change in our time will lead to an increased demand for telemedical applications. Especially telemonitoring scenarios as precaution measures will play an important role. With advancing age the question of proper hydration and nutrition becomes relevant. A persons’ state of health can be measured by non-invasive Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) measurements. Unfortunately most of todays BIS devices are not portable and none of them are made for long-term monitoring. Normally disposable electrodes are needed which are not suitable for long-term measurements and may cause allergic reactions. To solve these problems a portable, textile integrated BIS device shall be developed. The electrodes and conductors of this device shall be sewed directly into a textile. To investigate the optimum textile conductors for such a device and check their suitability for BIS measurements a test setup was developed. With this setup, textile conductors can be characterized and compared, taking into account their elastic behavior. With this new developed test buildup, five different textile conductors were investigated and characterized.

Das Besondere am Neuen besteht darin, dass es vorher unbekannt ist. So schlicht diese Einsicht ist, so beharrlich haben sich Menschen zu allen Zeiten bemuht, das Neue zu erkennen, bevor es eintritt. Immer schon herrschte der Wunsch, heute zu wissen, was morgen sein wird.

Objective: Guidelines recommend mechanical ventilation with ntermitted Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) during resuscitaion.Mechanismsof chest compressionmight influencemechanical entilation. We investigated the gas exchange using Chest Comression Synchronized Ventilation (CCSV) compared with IPPV in pig model.1 Methods:After approval by local authorities 44 pigs underwent naesthesia with intubation. After 3min of ventricular fibrillaion continuous chest compressions followed for 24min. Pigs ere mechanical ventilated with IPPV (FiO2 1.0, tidalvolumes ml/kg, respiratoryrate 10min, PEEP=0mbar) or Chest Compresion Synchronized Ventilation (CCSV), a pressure–controlled nd with each chest compression synchronized breathing attern (FiO2 1.0, Pinsp=60mbar, inspiratory time 265ms). nterventions: Epinephrine 1mg iv at t=8min, vasopressin .8IU/kg at t=11 min, Defibrillations at t=13,15,17,19,21,23min. lood gas samples were drawn at baseline, t=8,12min. nalysis was performed using U-test, results as median 25%/75%percentiles). Results: Animals achieved ROSC: 15(CCSV) and 20(IPPV), = 0.06. Arterial blood gas analysis (CCSV/IPPV): baseline H 7.49 (7.47–7.51) vs. 7.48 (7.44–7.50), p=0.3; PaCO2 9mmHg (37–42) vs. 39mmHg (36–41), p=0.5; PaO2 86mmHg 81–94) vs. 92mmHg (83–97), p=0.3; SaO2 98% (97,98) s. 98% (97–99), p=0.16. t:=;8min pH 7.39 (7.34–7.43) vs. .28 (7.20–7.34), p

Mechanical ventilation with an automated ventilator is recommended during CPR with secured airway 1 . We developed and investigated the novel ventilator mode Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation (CCSV), a pressure controlled ventilation triggered by each chest compression. The new ventilator mode and trigger technology are described and the resulting flow-volume curves were investigated in a pig model.

delta 4-Steroid-5 alpha-reductase (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid:NADP+ delta 4-oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.1.22), is a membrane-bound enzyme. In the ventral prostate of the rat, its activity is found within the nuclear envelope. Solubilization of this enzyme can only be achieved in the presence of detergents. We studied the inhibitory effect of various detergents on 5 alpha-reductase activity as a function of detergent concentration, of pH, of incubation time, of salt concentration and of additives to the buffer system. Four detergents (Lubrol WX, CHAPS, L-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine and octyl D-glucopyranoside) were selected for subsequent solubilization studies. The overall recovery of solubilized enzyme activity was about 30% when compared to 100% of 5 alpha-reductase activity found in freshly prepared nuclei. Up to 20-30% of the nuclear proteins were extracted during the solubilization procedure. Among the various treatments tested, a concentration of 3 mg/ml L-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine per 10 mg/ml of nuclear protein in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 M KCl, 0.1 M sodium citrate and 5 mM NADPH yielded the maximal enzymic activity of 56%, 15% of the nuclear proteins being solubilized in an active and stable form. The activity in these extracts could be kept stable for 2 days at 4 degrees C with a recovery of 75% of enzymic activity. A 3-fold increase of specific 5 alpha-reductase activity was obtained during solubilization under optimal conditions.