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Finite element models that simulate the effects of class II elastics on the mandibular arch in six different scenarios, using various immobilization methods of the posterior dentition, were studied. Per-element distribution of linear elastic stress-strain and total displacement was computed. Maximum strain on the PDL and maximum stress on alveolar bone increased with posterior tip-back and with the use of archwires vs. aligners. The configuration of the dentition affects the performance of aligners. They perform best on an unlevelled mandibular arch. Applying class II elastics results in vertical side effects that can be modulated by various mandibular stabilization methods. This is likely to be clinically relevant for high-angle patients and may explain the differing effects on the facial profile observed using various treatment modalities. 1-Increasing mandibular molar tip-back generally resulted in less eruption tendencies, with mandibular anchorage preparation resulting in the least amount of calculated vertical displacement. 2-Unexpectedly, with class II forces the use of aligner technology on an unlevelled curve of Spee resulted in improved vertical control when compared to aligner use on a levelled dentition. 3-Generally, using an archwire results in better transmission of stresses to adjacent teeth than the use of aligners. 4-Simulating interarch elastics requires implementing a medial component/orientation of the forces to better emulate clinical situations. 5-A hypothetical configuration: 15

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a relatively rare soft tissue malignancy, originally described in the 1950s and characterized as a distinct entity from chondrosarcoma of the bone in the 1970s. These tumors most commonly originate in the proximal extremities, and their occurrence in the genitourinary tract is exceedingly rare, with few case reports citing origination in its component organs. We present a clinical case report of an EMC originating from the base of the penis with significant local involvement of the bony pelvis.

Vitiligo associated with halo congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is rare. There are limited reports in the literature, especially with regard to CMN excision. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with vitiligo of the periorbital and axillary regions and halo formation around CMN of the buttock. The lesion was excised, and all areas of vitiligo improved, but 18 months postoperatively, a halo of depigmentation appeared around the excision scar and later in the periorbital and axillary regions. In review of literature, there is only one report of excision of halo CMN and resultant improvement of vitiligo. Although initial resolution of vitiligo in this case was promising, the recurrence indicates that this complex process is not reliably controlled with excision of the inciting lesion.