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Nanotomography with hard X-rays is a widely used technique for high-resolution imaging, providing insights into the structure and composition of various materials. In recent years, tomographic approaches based on simultaneous illuminations of the same sample region from different angles by multiple beams have been developed at micrometre image resolution. Transferring these techniques to the nanoscale is challenging due to the loss in photon flux by focusing the X-ray beam. We present an approach for multi-beam nanotomography using a dual-beam Fresnel zone plate (dFZP) in a near-field holography setup. The dFZP generates two nano-focused beams that overlap in the sample plane, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of two projections from slightly different angles. This first proof-of-principle implementation of the dual-beam setup allows for the efficient removal of ring artifacts and noise using machine-learning approaches. The results open new possibilities for full-field multi-beam nanotomography and pave the way for future advancements in fast holotomography and artifact-reduction techniques.

Existe en Colombia un aval constitucional para llevar a cabo la muerte digna. Sin embargo, a pesar de que fue desarrollado por varias resoluciones expedidas por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (Minsalud), su práctica puede ser compleja debido a la intervención de diversos actores frente a los cuales puede incluso darse una colisión de derechos. En este artículo se plantean preguntas como: ¿qué hacer cuando se solicita la práctica de un procedimiento eutanásico y entran en conflicto derechos fundamentales de los actores involucrados?, ¿es clara, completa, precisa y efectiva la regulación frente al tema?, ¿los actores que intervienen en estos conflictos como prestadores de servicios, pacientes, médicos, ven sus derechos en conflicto en el procedimiento eutanásico en Colombia? Para dar respuestas a estos interrogantes, se abordó un estudio de los conceptos de derecho a la muerte digna, objeción de conciencia, eutanasia activa y pasiva, suicidio asistido y homicidio por piedad, así como la prueba de razonabilidad y principio de proporcionalidad, en aras de dar respuesta a estos interrogantes.

School counselors are encouraged to employ evidence-based practices to meet students' mental health needs, yet a scarcity of outcome research limits their access to adequately supported prevention and intervention resources (Griffith et al., 2019). To maximize their impact and time, school counselors should consider conducting group counseling with students. Specifically, school counselors should consider implementing Adventure Therapy (AT), a kinesthetically engaging form of group counseling that uses adventure activities to promote participation through collaborative problem solving, encourage responsible decision-making, and foster accountability among students (Christian et al., 2019). While literature supports the use of AT in schools, there is a dearth of outcome studies examining its efficacy with students. This study explored the impact of AT on 7th graders' self-efficacy (n = 19). The researchers measured Total, Academic, Social, and Emotional self-efficacy using the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children at pre, mid, post, and follow-up. Results suggested AT groups were effective for increasing all types of self-efficacy for participants with males showing a greater increase. Implications for school counselors and future research are described.

As the number of English Learners (EL) increases, U.S. schools must understand and meet their unique needs. Employing qualitative methodology, the authors sought to understand the academic experience of twelve, 10th grade ELs. Three themes of academic success, perception of the student/teacher relationship, and perception of self, along with multiple subthemes emerged. Key concepts from the themes included the importance of relationship, influence teacher expectations had on participants experiencing academic success or engaging a cycle of failure, and value placed on a sense of agency related to academic experiences. Suggestions for how schools can meet ELs' unique needs are provided.

La gestión empresarial exitosa se refiere a la rentabilidad organizacional, sin descuidar otros aspectos importantes, como lo social y ambiental. Este tipo de gestión se logra con el desarrollo de habilidades, que permiten establecer relaciones duraderas y rentables con los distintos grupos de interés. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la gestión de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (GRSE) en el sector de los medios de comunicación en Manabí, Ecuador. A partir de ese referente, y con la aplicación de técnicas de encuestas procesadas estadísticamente, se analizó si las entidades vinculadas con los medios de comunicación ofrecen información sobre la gestión socialmente responsable que realizan. Los resultados establecieron que no hay un procedimiento estandarizado para medir la GRSE. Sin embargo, es relevante ya que, además de su gestión rentable, en su carácter de comunicación pública, constituye un elemento básico de la vida económica, política y social.

Computations and experiments leading to new chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) for epoxide thionations are reported. Density functional theory calculations reveal the mechanism and origin of the enantioselectivity of such CPA-catalyzed epoxide thionations. The calculated mechanistic information was used to design new efficient CPAs that were tested experimentally and found to be highly effective. Bulky ortho-substituents on the 3,3'-aryl groups of the CPA are important to restrict the position of the epoxide in the key transition states for the enantioselectivity-determining step. Larger para-substituents significantly improve the enantioselectivity of the reaction.

We examined the publication trends of faculty in 396 CACREP-accredited counselor education and supervision (CES) programs based on Carnegie classification by exploring 5,250 publications over the last decade in 21 American Counseling Association and American Counseling Association division journals. Using Bayesian statistics, this study expounded upon existing literature and differences that exist between institution classifications and total publications. The results of this study can be used to inform the training and preparation of doctoral students in CES programs through a Happenstance Learning Theory framework, specifically regarding their role as scholars and researchers. We present implications and argue for the importance of programs and faculty providing research experience for doctoral students in order to promote career success and satisfaction.

Objective. To measure the sagittal alignment of the tibial tubercle through the sagittal tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (sTTTG) distance in patients with and without patellar chondral lesions. Design. Patients treated with patellofemoral cartilage restoration or repair procedures were retrospectively reviewed (group 1; N = 17). A control group of patients (group 2; N = 20) undergoing partial meniscectomy with normal patellar cartilage was included. An asymptomatic patellar chondrosis group (group 3; N = 15) was identified as patients undergoing partial meniscectomy with patellar cartilage wear. The sTTTG was measured on the preoperative axial T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence. The first point was the nadir of the anterior trochlear cartilage, and the second point was the anterior tibial tubercle. A line was drawn between these points, perpendicular to the posterior condylar axis. Comparisons were made between the 3 groups using analysis of variance testing with Bonferroni corrections. Significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results. The mean sTTTG was significantly more posterior in group 1 (5.9 ± 5.5 mm posterior to the trochlear groove) relative to group 2 (0.8 ± 5.3 mm posterior; P = 0.018). The mean value for group 3 (2.7 ± 5.3 mm posterior) fell between group 1 and 3 but was not significantly different from group 1 (P = 0.31) or group 2 (P = 0.89). There were no significant differences with regards to sulcus angle, Caton-Deschamps Index, TTTG, or knee flexion angle on the MRI scan. Conclusions. A more posteriorly positioned tibial tubercle was observed in patients with patellar cartilage lesions relative to those with intact patellar cartilage. Intermediate positioning was observed in patients with asymptomatic patellar chondral wear. Level of Evidence. Level 3 diagnostic study.

IL-27 controls a diverse range of immune responses in many disease settings. Here, we identify intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) as one of the major IL-27 cellular sources in the gut-associated tissue. Unlike IL-27 secreted by innate immune cells, gut epithelial IL-27 is dispensable for T-bet+ regulatory T cell (T reg cell) differentiation or IL-10 induction. Rather, IEC-derived IL-27 specifically promotes a distinct CD8αα+CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) population that acquires their functional differentiation at the intestinal epithelium. Loss of IL-27 in IECs leads to a selective defect in CD8αα+CD4+ IELs over time. Consequently, mice with IEC-specific IL-27 ablation exhibited elevated pathogen burden during parasitic infection, and this could be rescued by transfer of exogenous CD8αα+CD4+ IELs. Collectively, our data reveal that in addition to its known regulatory properties in preventing immune hyperactivity, gut epithelial IL-27 confers barrier immunity by inducing a specific IEL subset and further suggest that IL-27 produced by different cell types plays distinct roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio time-dependent density functional theory we analyze the electronic structure in fcc Ni on the time scale of these interactions in a pump-probe experiment. We distinguish transient broadening and energy shifts in the absorption spectra, which we demonstrate to be captured by electron repopulation respectively correlation-induced modifications of the electronic structure, requiring to take the local Coulomb interaction into account.

Abstract Introduction The management of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the lower limb is challenging, and evidence-based recommendations are lacking. The present clinical investigation characterized the pathogens diagnosed in patients who underwent revision surgery for PJI of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The present study follows the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The institutional databases of the RWTH University Medical Centre of Aachen, Germany, were accessed. The OPS (operation and procedure codes) 5–823 and 5–821 and the ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) codes T84.5, T84.7 or T84.8 were used. All patients with PJI of a previous THA and TKA who underwent revision surgery were retrieved and included for analysis. Results Data from 346 patients were collected (181 THAs and 165 TKAs). 44% (152 of 346 patients) were women. Overall, the mean age at operation was 67.8 years, and the mean BMI was 29.2 kg/m2. The mean hospitalization length was 23.5 days. 38% (132 of 346) of patients presented a recurrent infection. Conclusion PJI remain a frequent cause for revisions after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Preoperative synovial fluid aspiration was positive in 37%, intraoperative microbiology was positive in 85%, and bacteraemia was present in 17% of patients. Septic shock was the major cause of in-hospital mortality. The most common cultured pathogens were Staph. epidermidis, Staph. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Methicillin-resistant Staph aureus (MRSA). An improved understanding of PJI pathogens is important to plan treatment strategies and guide the choice of empirical antibiotic regimens in patients presenting with septic THAs and TKAs. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Abstract Achromatic doublets are combinations of two individual lenses designed to focus different wavelengths of light in the same position. Apochromatic optics are improved versions of the achromatic schemes which extend the wavelength range significantly. Both achromatic and apochromatic optics are well-established for visible light. However, X-ray achromatic lenses did not exist until very recently, and X-ray apochromatic lenses have never been experimentally demonstrated. Here, we create an X-ray apochromatic lens system using an appropriate combination of a Fresnel zone plate and a diverging compound refractive lens with a tuned separation distance. The energy-dependent performance of this apochromat was characterized at photon energies between 6.5 and 13.0 keV by ptychographic reconstruction of the focal spot and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of a resolution test sample. The apochromat delivered a reconstructed focal spot size of 940 × 740 nm2. The apochromatic combination shows a four-fold improvement in the chromatic aberration correction range compared to an achromatic doublet configuration. Thus, apochromatic X-ray optics have the potential to increase the focal spot intensity for a wide variety of X-ray applications.

School counselors (SCs) are tasked with addressing the academic, career, and personal/social development of all students. As mental health issues experienced by school-aged children have increased, SCs have been unable to provide adequate mental health services. Because of barriers to receiving community-based mental health services, school-based services are becoming increasingly necessary. In this article we propose that School-Based Mental Health Counselors (SBMHCs), specifically trained to work with school-aged children and placed within a school setting, are appropriate for meeting students' mental health needs. Although SBMHCs are not new to counseling, we make specific recommendations and suggestions for the training and practice of SBMHCs so that they can collaborate with SCs to meet the mental health needs of all students.

RESUMEN El vólvulo total de intestino medio es una complicación infrecuente que pueden sufrir algunos pacientes con anomalías de rotación intestinal. Afecta la totalidad del intestino que está irrigada por la arteria mesentérica superior, causa obstrucción intestinal y se presenta generalmente en pacientes mayores de 15 años. La presentación y el diagnóstico del cuadro clínico en adolescentes y adultos puede ser inespecífica, por lo cual el objetivo del presente trabajo es describir una modalidad de obstrucción intestinal infrecuente denominada vólvulo total de intestino medio mediante la presentación de un caso. Se trata de un adolescente con antecedentes de dolor abdominal tipo cólico de más de 5 años de evolución. Al momento de la atención se quejó de dolor intenso, localizado en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho, acompañado de vómitos. Al examen físico presentó ruidos hidroaéreos aumentados en tono y frecuencia. En la tomografía computarizada de abdomen se visualizó el signo del «remolino». Se realizó el abordaje inicial por vía laparoscópica, pero las características del vólvulo no permitieron continuar con el procedimiento, por lo que se realizó la conversión a cirugía abierta y se utilizó el procedimiento Ladd convencional. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente y fue dada de alta a los 7 días del acto quirúrgico. Palabras clave: vólvulo intestinal, obstrucción intestinal, malrotación intestinal

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) is presented. It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot by shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, an imaging detector capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst is employed, and allows a photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity to be approached. The setup and its capabilities are reviewed as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.

Full-field X-ray nanoimaging is a widely used tool in a broad range of scientific areas. In particular, for low-absorbing biological or medical samples, phase contrast methods have to be considered. Three well established phase contrast methods at the nanoscale are transmission X-ray microscopy with Zernike phase contrast, near-field holography and near-field ptychography. The high spatial resolution, however, often comes with the drawback of a lower signal-to-noise ratio and significantly longer scan times, compared with microimaging. In order to tackle these challenges a single-photon-counting detector has been implemented at the nanoimaging endstation of the beamline P05 at PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. Thanks to the long sample-to-detector distance available, spatial resolutions of below 100 nm were reached in all three presented nanoimaging techniques. This work shows that a single-photon-counting detector in combination with a long sample-to-detector distance allows one to increase the time resolution for in situ nanoimaging, while keeping a high signal-to-noise level.

A mountain bike program was designed and adapted for the school setting with middle school-aged students during 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Two mountain bike groups were offered to facilitate training and development of mountain bike knowledge and skills: one group with integrated Adventure Therapy components to facilitate a therapeutic process and the other group without a therapeutic debriefing process. Forty-one students participated in the program after being randomly assigned to one of two groups. An exploratory qualitative analysis revealed that the pandemic negatively impacted participants' wellbeing and academics, leading to increased isolation and decreased motivation, while the mountain bike program increased their focus, competency, physical and mental wellbeing, and connection to the environment. It appears the mountain bike program served as a protective factor for participants. Implications for professionals and researchers are discussed.