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Masteroppgave JUS399 MAJUR MAJUR-2

Gjennom vårt arbeid har vi satt lys på boligutvikling for den tredje boligsektor. Dette er et svært dagsaktuelt tema og går inn under sosial boligpolitikk. Tema for oppgaven er satt i kontekst med offentliges overordnede ansvar med å tilrettelegge for velfungerende boligmarkeder, samt målsettingen om at alle som ønsker skal få mulighet til å eie sin egen bolig. Et politisk mål er å øke tilgangen til boliger for de som ikke har mulighet til å komme inn i boligmarkedet med dagens prisnivå. Likevel er offentliges virkemidler begrenset, ettersom boligmarkedet er liberalisert og markedet styrer boligfordelingen. Med dette utgangspunktet har vi valgt å belyse hvordan private boligutviklere ser på denne problemstillingen: Hvilke utfordringer møter utbyggere som ønsker å tilrettelegge for den tredje boligsektor? In this thesis, we have done the research concerning affordable housing within Norwegian property development. In context with the Norwegian system, we use the term “the third housing sector”. Our approach to social housing is highly relevant as many are facing problems with acquisition into an adequate house. The topic is set into context with housing politics that use regulations to control the use of land. Public authorities have the main responsibility for making public housing plans, so that everyone can have the possibility to get an adequate home. This includes of well-functioning housing markets. The Norwegian housing model stands out internationally because of how it emphasize home ownership. This model remains in today’s housing policy, as the public authorities have set their goal that everyone should have the opportunity with home ownership. However, many people are finding it difficult to enter the housing market because of today’s price level. In consideration to increasing housing prices, and how many are finding it difficult to homeownership, we have chosen to answer the following research question: Which complications do real estate developers confront if they want to facilitate the third housing sector? M-EIE

I dette speciale undersøger jeg vores ret til børn for at identificere og evaluere centrale argumenter for og imod tilladeligheden af indførslen af en global etbarnspolitk. Disse centrale argumenter vil præsenteres, kritiseres, og diskuteres for at vurdere, hvorvidt argumenterne imod tilladeligheden vejer tungere end argumenterne for tilladeligheden. Dette vil gøres ud fra Trudy Goviers ARG betingelser i en evaluering baseret på konduktiv argumentation. Jeg har identificeret tre temaer, der er relevante for for tilladeligheden af en global etbarnspolitik, og disse præsenteres i tre kapitler. Temaerne er: Retten til familie, hvor jeg undersøger vores moralske og retslige rettigheder til en familie; Vores fremtidsudsigter med fokus på vækst som en grundlæggende faktor for konsekvenserne af miljønedbrydning, klimaforandringer, og overbefolkning; Den kinesiske etbarnspolitik, hvor jeg vil analysere grundene til og konsekvenserne af af etbarnspolitikken for at vurdere implikationerne af en global etbarnspolitik. Sidst i specialet vil jeg vurdere de fremkommende argumenter fra disse temaer som faktorer for at evaluere tilladeligheden af implementation af en global etbarnspolitik. Jeg finder, at kun få faktorer taler imod tilladeligheden af en global etbarnspolitik, men også at den endelige faktor for tilladeligheden afhænger af den specifikke version af en global etbarnspolitik., In this thesis I will examine our right to have children in order to arrive at and evaluate central arguments for and against the allowance of implementing a global one-child policy. These central arguments will be presented, criticized, and discussed in order to assess whether the arguments against the allowance outweighs the arguments for the allowance of implementing a global one-child policy. I will do this in accordance with the ARG conditions set forth by Trudy Govier in an evaluation based on conductive argumentation. I have identified three themes relevant to the allowance of a global one-child policy and these will be represented in three chapters in this thesis. The themes are; the right to family, where I will assess our moral and legal rights to a family; our future prospects, in regard to growth as a fundamental factor for the consequences environmental degradation, climate change, and overpopulation; the Chinese one-child policy, where I will analyze the reasons for and consequences from implementing the one-child policy in regard to assessing the implications of a global one-child policy. Lastly, I will in this thesis evaluate the emerging arguments from these themes as factors in order to evaluate the allowance of the implementation of a global one-child policy. I find that only few factors will function as a negation of the allowance of a global one-child policy, but also that the final factor for allowing the implementation depends on the specific version of a global one-child policy.

BACKGROUND: Desensitization is a method for inducing temporary tolerance to allergen. The mechanism underlying desensitization is yet to be established.METHODS: Basophil granulocytes in whole blood from grass pollen allergic subjects were desensitized ex vivo by sequential addition of increasing allergen concentrations. At each step basophil activation (CD193(+) CD63(+) ) was monitored with and without (background activation) allergen challenge at optimal concentration. The sequential desensitization protocol was compared to a single-dose desensitization protocols with threshold and subthreshold allergen concentrations. Incubation intervals and allergen concentrations were varied in order to optimise the protocol.RESULTS: Sequential desensitization effectively reduced basophil response. The single-dose subthreshold protocol and single-dose threshold protocols did not reduce basophil activation with optimal allergen challenge from a mean 57.1 (95% CI 32.7-81.5) to 50.4% (95% CI 16.3-84.4; n=5; p=0.43) and 45.0% (95% CI 23.1-66.9; p=0.14) respectively, while the sequential desensitization protocol reduced activation to a mean 37.2% (95% CI 16.3-58.1; p=0.018). Reducing incubation time from 10 to 5 minutes increased mean background activation from 22.4 (95% CI 11.7-33.1) to 30.0% (95% CI 19.7-40.3; n=5; p=0.026). Increasing time intervals from 10 to 20 minutes reduced background activation from 30.9 (95% CI 22.8-39.0) to 21.9% (95% CI 16.0-27.7; n=5; p=0.020). Increasing allergen concentrations intervals from 2-fold to 5- and 10-fold did not have significant effect on basophil activation.CONCLUSIONS: Sequential desensitization ex vivo effectively attenuates the basophil response to allergen. Increasing the time spent at each step improves desensitization. This protocol could be valuable for investigation of the mechanism of desensitization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

La optimización de la producción y la calidad de carne son los principales objetivos de los productores y del sector comercial de la carne. Actualmente la producción de animales de engorde a corral presenta una buena eficiencia productiva. Asimismo, en Argentina una nueva categoría de animales, machos enteros jóvenes, ha sido recientemente implementada, presentado interés e inquietud por parte de los productores y la industria de la carne. Desde el punto de vista de la tecnología de los alimentos es interesante estudiar e investigar los parámetros fisicoquímicos y reológicos que ayuden a explicar la presencia/ausencia de cambios sobre la calidad de la carne. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la carne y las características térmicas del tejido conectivo en animales alimentados a corral, castrados versus no castrados. La ausencia de testosterona, esperable en machos castrados, no produjo diferencias significativas en la calidad de carne respecto al grupo no castrado. El color, las pérdidas por cocción y la terneza resultaron equivalentes entre ambos grupos de animales. Sin embargo la respuesta de la contracción máxima generada por el tejido conectivo perimisio del músculo LD durante el tratamiento térmico mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Además la fuerza de contracción máxima también varió entre los perimisios musculares LD, ST y PP de animales castrados mientras no así la temperatura de inicio de la contracción (Tonset). Los resultados indicarían la posibilidad de que la ausencia de testosterona afecte de manera diferente la síntesis de tejido conectivo intramuscular in vivo en los diferentes músculos. Al respecto, se requerirán nuevas investigaciones que profundicen estos hallazgos. Optimization of production and meat quality are the main objectives of producers and the commercial beef sector. Currently, the production of animals in feedlots has a good productive efficiency. A new category young non-castrated male animals has also recently been implemented in Argentina, and this has stimulated interest and concern from animal producers and the meat industry. From the food technology point of view it is interesting to study the physicochemical and rheological parameters which help explain the presence or absence of changes on the meat quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the meat quality and the thermal characteristics of perimysial connective tissue, perimysium in muscle from castrated versus non-castrated animals produced in a feedlot. The absence of testosterone that is expected in castrated males did not produce significant differences in meat quality compared to meat from non-castrates. Color, cooking loss and tenderness did not show differences, but the maximum shrinkage force generated by the perimysium of longissimus muscle during heat treatment was significantly higher in non-castrates than castrated animals. The maximum shrinkage force also varied between perimysium in LD, ST and PP muscle of castrated animals, but not the onset temperature (Tonset). The results suggest that the absence of testosterone may affect the synthesis of intramuscular connective tissue to a different extent in different muscles, and further investigations are required in this regard. Fil: Latorre, Maria Emilia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Tecnologia y Calidad de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Iezzi, Sebastián Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Christensen, Sara. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Tecnologia y Calidad de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Purslow, Peter. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Tecnologia y Calidad de los Alimentos; Argentina

Ivermectin (IVM) is broad-spectrum compound active against endo and ecto-parasites of clinical relevance in veterinary and human medicine. It is commercially available to use in livestock animals as injectable formulations containing 1% IVM and also as a concentrated (3.15%) long-acting (LA) preparation. The potential risk of the presence of high concentrations of drug residues in muscle tissue at the injection site is therefore a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the IVM residual concentrations at the injection site, in comparison to the untreated contralateral neck (control muscle) and in fat from cattle treated with different preparations. Healthy steers received one of the following subcutaneous treatments in the neck area: Group A: IVM-LA 3.15% preparation and Group B: IVM 1%. After a withdrawal period for each formulation the animals were sent to the slaughterhouse. IVM concentrations at the injection site were detected among animals treated with the LA formulation, with high residual concentrations of IVM (between 15 and 141 μg/kg) in the injection site of two steers. However, the residual concentrations of IVM at the injection site obtained after the subcutaneous administration of the LA preparation do not represent a toxicological risk to consumers. Fil: Iezzi, Sebastián Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Purslow, Peter. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Tecnologia y Calidad de los Alimentos; Argentina Fil: Christensen, Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Lifschitz, Adrian Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Durante el período comprendido desde abril del 2013 hasta la actualidad he llevado a cabo actividades de laboratorio, análisis de datos, redacción de trabajos, y revisión y actualización bibliográfica sobre diarrea neonatal bovina y Escherichia coli como agente causal de la misma. Se han realizado actividades centradas fundamentalmente en los siguientes objetivos particulares: a) Establecer la ocurrencia de genes de virulencia y toxicidad más importantes asociados a enteropatías y procesos septicémico en terneros neonatos con y sin signos diarreicos. b) Asociar la prevalencia de los diferentes patotipos de E.coli con otros agentes etiológicos y las características productivas del sistema de crianza de terneros, a través de la identificación y cuantificación de factores de riesgo y/o de protección. Este objetivo se cumplimentara para inicios del año 2015 con la culminación del trabajo de la beca.