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Purpose: To compare, in a larger study population, the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients who either had the scleral explant (EX) retained or removed after surgery for retinal detachment. Methods: A comparative retrospective study includes data from 2 centres. Surgical outcome, motor success, sensory success, the number of secondary operations for strabismus and complications were compared between the two groups. Motor success was defined as horizontal deviation of ≤6 prism diopters (PD) and vertical deviation of ≤6PD. Sensory success was defined as no diplopia without use of prism. Results: Forty‐seven patients were included in the study; 70% had retained the EX and 74% had vertical strabismus. Horizontally, the final alignment was equal between the 2 groups, 4 PD vs.5 PD in the EX removed group. The patients with retained EX were referred with a significant lower mean vertical deviation and had a significant lower post‐operative mean vertical deviation of 2 PD vs. 3 PD in the EX‐removed group. The rates of motor success (76% vs. 71%) and sensory success (79% vs. 93%) did not differ significantly between the EX‐retained and EX‐removed groups. No patients underwent more than 2 operations. Two complications occurred in the EX‐retained group: a subconjunctival cyst and an exposed EX. In the EX‐removed group, 2 patients with retinal re‐detachment were found in the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Good surgical outcomes including high motor and sensory success were obtained regardless of the presence of the EX. Retinal re‐detachment was observed in two patients with previously removed EX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background An imbalance in the production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathophysiology of perimenopausal depression. The aim of this study was to examine serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, in perimenopausal women suffering from depression. Furthermore, to assess whether serum cytokine levels are associated with the presence of hot flashes or the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We also evaluated the possible association of hot flashes and perimenopausal depression. Methods Serum samples from 65 perimenopausal women, 41 with depression and 24 without depression, were assessed for serum IL-6, TNFα and IL-10 by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Depression was evaluated by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D 17) and a psychiatric interview. The presence and severity of hot flashes were examined using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Results Serum levels cytokines did not differ between depressed women and normal controls. Serum levels of cytokines did not change significantly in depressed women with hot flashes or in depressed women treated with SSRIs. Hot flashes were strongly associated (P < 0.0001) with perimenopausal depression. Conclusion The study supports the hypothesis that perimenopausal depression is not characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Women with perimenopausal depression suffer from more severe and more frequent hot flashes than women without perimenopausal depression.

Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used for the maintenance treatment of some types of bladder cancer. Although rare, ocular complications can develop following intravesical BCG treatment. This is a case report of culture-positive Mycobacterium bovis BCG endophthalmitis following intravesical BCG installation. The case highlights a rare complication of BCG installation and the need for an eye examination when patients after BCG installation develop eye symptoms., (Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Novel treatment strategies such as targeted therapy with mitogen-activated protein-kinase-kinase/B-Raf proto-oncogene (MEK/BRAF) inhibitors have prolonged patient survival in metastatic melanoma and are used in oncology. The combination of binimetinib og encorafenib can induce extensive bilateral neuroretinal detachments. In this case report, we present a 72-year-old female patient with this condition. Dilated fundus examination and optical coherence tomography are essential in diagnosis and monitoring of patients treated with MEK/BRAF-inhibitors. No persistent visual deficits were documented in the patient, as this condition appears to be fully reversible.

Parinaud syndrome (PS) can manifest in a pineal tumour. Major components of PS include restriction of gazing upwards, light-near dissociation and convergence retraction nystagmus. A 14-year-old boy presented with diplopia and restricted ability to gaze upwards. The objective examination revealed signs, which were compatible with the major manifestations of PS. A magnetic resonance scan (MRI) of cerebrum indicated pinealoma, and a pathological examination identified the lesion as a germ cell carcinoma. The patient received chemotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. The ophthalmic symptoms improved, and a follow-up MRI demonstrated complete regression of the tumour.