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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed® database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 34 distinct databases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for the Entrez system. Custom implementations of the BLAST program provide sequence-based searching of many specialized datasets. New resources released in the past year include a new PubMed interface and NCBI datasets. Additional resources that were updated in the past year include PMC, Bookshelf, Genome Data Viewer, SRA, ClinVar, dbSNP, dbVar, Pathogen Detection, BLAST, Primer-BLAST, IgBLAST, iCn3D and PubChem. All of these resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Interviews with suspects are vital to criminal investigations. Globally, they are generally separated into either information gathering or accusatorial models. In England and Wales, while laboratory-based research has been increasingly undertaken, fewer studies examining actual police interviews have been conducted (despite interviews with suspects being mandatorily tape recorded there for 30 years). Research has tended to examine only certain aspects of such interviews (such as rapport, questioning strategies, and evidence disclosure). Despite the importance of each, interviews are the sum of these individual aspects. An analysis that examines the totality (and dynamic nature) of interviews is therefore required. Such a framework exists, being used to examine police interrogations in the USA, from the perspective of six domains, rooted in the relevant literature, that is, Rapport and Relationship Building, Context Manipulation, Emotion Provocation, Collaboration, Confrontation/Competition, and Presentation of Evidence. However, this taxonomy has not yet been used to assess overall interviewer performance in England and Wales. The present study examined 184 five-minute segments throughout 14 interviews with suspected sex offenders in this country, breaking new ground, by incorporating this taxonomy with interviewers trained in information gathering approaches. Our exploratory findings are that when suspects (whether innocent or guilty) offer resistance, interviewers abandon their initial efforts to build/maintain rapport, and become increasingly confrontational. Concerns also emerged regarding the frequency of those questions asked that do not yield much information. Nevertheless, the study affirms that the taxonomy of domain methodology can be used to provide in-depth and revealing analyses of overall interviewer performance.

BackgroundDysfunction in major stress response systems during the acute aftermath of trauma may contribute to risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated how PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, depressive symptoms, and childhood trauma uniquely relate to diurnal neuroendocrine secretion (cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms) in women who recently experienced interpersonal trauma compared to non-traumatized controls (NTCs).MethodUsing a longitudinal design, we examined diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms in 98 young women (n = 57 exposed to recent interpersonal trauma, n = 41 NTCs). Participants provided saliva samples and completed symptom measures at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up.ResultsMultilevel models (MLMs) revealed lower waking cortisol predicted the development of PTSD in trauma survivors and distinguished at-risk women from NTCs. Women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. Among trauma-exposed individuals, lower waking cortisol levels were associated with higher concurrent PTSD symptom severity. Regarding alpha-amylase, MLMs revealed women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited higher waking alpha-amylase and slower diurnal alpha-amylase increase.ConclusionsResults suggest lower waking cortisol in the acute aftermath of trauma may be implicated in PTSD onset and maintenance. Findings also suggest childhood trauma may predict a different pattern of dysfunction in stress response systems following subsequent trauma exposure than the stress system dynamics associated with PTSD risk; childhood trauma appears to be associated with flattened diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase slopes, as well as higher waking alpha-amylase.

A toll-road project near Austin, Texas, achieved multiple goals in one journey, preserving a critical aquifer and its surrounding environment while providing commuters with a direct route to a loca...

IntroductionInefficient theatre utilisation is costly for patients, staff and healthcare organisations. Active management projects have proven effective at identifying and streamlining delays in the perioperative patient journey.AimThe aim of this study is to assess whether a novel, wearable, autonomous, Wi-Fi-based real-time location services (RTLS) device could be used to accurately record and process theatre utilisation data.MethodsA novel RTLS device was employed in our theatre department between June and September 2017. Data were collected pertaining to time of arrival and departure from the surgical day ward, operating theatre and recovery using this device, and compared with our institution’s existing written record of theatre data.Results101 patients were enrolled, but manually recorded data were unavailable on 18 patients. Among the remaining 83 patients, mean difference in recorded start times was 0.43 min (p=0.64). Mean difference in theatre end times was 1.63 min (p=0.41). Mean difference recorded in overall time in theatre was 1.19 min (p=0.59).ConclusionThe RTLS device provided a reliable record of theatre utilisation, without requiring manual input, with potential as a tool to identify and improve inefficiencies in the theatre department.

A case study approach is used to illustrate how Action Research methodology can be used by Internal Audit to enlarge the locus of benefits derived from the audit process. Management of a newly priv...

A single formal estimate of the size of the world population of the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea has been published. This used a Lincoln-Petersen method, which combined a global mark-resighting analysis with a scan survey to estimate the proportion of birds with individual marks observed at a post-breeding moult and migration stopover site in Jiangsu Province, China. We report nine further repetitions of this procedure, which we call Method A, giving ten world population estimates in all, during the 6-year period 2014–2019. Four of these estimates use scan surveys from Jiangsu in the post-breeding adult moult period and six are from the non-breeding season (November–February) at three widely-separated sites in Bangladesh, Myanmar and South China. The weighted mean world population size at the end of the breeding season, based upon all ten surveys, was 490 mature individuals (95% C.L. 360–620) and 773 individuals of all ages (95% C.L. 569–978), which is similar to the single previous Method A estimate (420 mature individuals), but considerably more precise. We also report results from two independent but low-precision methods: one based upon published non-breeding season counts and the non-breeding season localities of satellite-tagged birds (Method B) and the other based upon mark-recapture analysis of birds marked as unfledged chicks and recaptured as migrating juveniles (Method C). These two methods gave estimates within the range 471 to 922 mature individuals, depending upon assumptions. The trend of Method A population size estimates with time during the short study period was a decline at a mean rate of 8% per year, but this did not differ significantly from zero (no change). The precision of this estimate of population trend was low, but its rate is of similar magnitude to the 9% per year decline during 2009–2016, derived from surveys of the local population at the most important known non-breeding season site in Myanmar. Hence, although the rapid population decline indicated by surveys of breeding populations observed prior to 2009 (mean 26% decline per year) has probably slowed as a result of conservation efforts, our results indicate that the species should continue to be listed as Critically Endangered.

Protected areas are intended as tools in reducing threats to wildlife and preserving habitat for their long-term population persistence. Studies on ranging behavior provide insight into the utility of protected areas. Vultures are one of the fastest declining groups of birds globally and are popular subjects for telemetry studies, but continent-wide studies are lacking. To address how vultures use space and identify the areas and location of possible vulture safe zones, we assess home range size and their overlap with protected areas by species, age, breeding status, season, and region using a large continent-wide telemetry datasets that includes 163 individuals of three species of threatened Gyps vulture. Immature vultures of all three species had larger home ranges and used a greater area outside of protected areas than breeding and non-breeding adults. Cape vultures had the smallest home range sizes and the lowest level of overlap with protected areas. Rüppell's vultures had larger home range sizes in the wet season, when poisoning may increase due to human-carnivore conflict. Overall, our study suggests challenges for the creation of Vulture Safe Zones to protect African vultures. At a minimum, areas of 24,000 km2 would be needed to protect the entire range of an adult African White-backed vulture and areas of more than 75,000 km2 for wider-ranging Rüppell's vultures. Vulture Safe Zones in Africa would generally need to be larger than existing protected areas, which would require widespread conservation activities outside of protected areas to be successful.

BackgroundQualitative olfactory (smell) dysfunctions are a common side effect of post-viral illness and known to impact quality of life and health status. Evidence is emerging that taste and smell loss are common symptoms of Covid-19 that may emerge and persist long after initial infection. The aim of the present study was to document the impact of post Covid-19 alterations to taste and smell.MethodsWe conducted exploratory thematic analysis of user-generated text from 9000 users of the AbScent Covid-19 Smell and Taste Loss moderated Facebook support group from March 24 to 30th September 2020.ResultsParticipants reported difficulty explaining and managing an altered sense of taste and smell; a lack of interpersonal and professional explanation or support; altered eating; appetite loss, weight change; loss of pleasure in food, eating and social engagement; altered intimacy and an altered relationship to self and others.ConclusionsOur findings suggest altered taste and smell with Covid-19 may lead to severe disruption to daily living that impacts on psychological well-being, physical health, relationships and sense of self. More specifically, participants reported impacts that related to reduced desire and ability to eat and prepare food; weight gain, weight loss and nutritional insufficiency; emotional wellbeing; professional practice; intimacy and social bonding; and the disruption of people’s sense of reality and themselves. Our findings should inform further research and suggest areas for the training, assessment and treatment practices of health care professionals working with long Covid.

Mississippi has the oldest state-wide system of public 2-year colleges in the USA. The story of the creation of the community college system in Mississippi is both complex and powerful. Fou...

Effective chlorine residual monitoring of water treatment systems that have ammonia in the raw source water is crucial to ensure adequate disinfection. Understanding the limitations related to monitoring chlorine in these systems is important to help reduce risk from microbiological hazards. The presence of ammonia and the resulting chlorine demand can be very challenging to address in drinking water treatment, especially for small water systems. This study profiles a number of situations where erratic chlorine dosing, operational, and testing conditions create a false-positive free available chlorine result. This study identified that the field test kit using amperometric testing methodology is superior to the traditional DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylene-diamine) tests in a water system that has the presence of ammonia with erratic chlorine dosage.

Poured-in-place (PIP) rubber surface systems are becoming a popular material for playground and play area surfaces due to their customizability, durability, and impact protection. The material is constructed from crumb rubber, which is made from recycled tires as well as synthetic components and other additives, such as a binding agent. Several government agencies and nongovernmental organizations have commissioned studies and status reports to identify possible health risks related to exposure to the chemical hazards present in PIP surface materials. Various routes of exposure were considered such as inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. After a review of the available literature addressing potential chemical hazards of PIP surfaces, no health risks were noted. Some information gaps, such as limited experimental data specific to PIP surface systems, were identified at the time of the review.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, causal agent of Panama disease, is one of the biggest threats to global banana production, particularly the Cavendish competent tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). It continues to spread globally with detections occurring in regions of the Middle East and new continents such as Africa and South America in the last decade. As the search was on for new management strategies and resistant cultivars to combat the disease, a banana cultivar-screening trial took place in the Northern Territory of Australia, which examined the responses of 24 banana cultivars to the soil borne fungus. These cultivars included material from TBRI, FHIA and selections from Thailand, Indonesia and Australia and evaluated for their resistance to tropical race 4 for two cropping cycles. Several cultivars displayed considerable resistance to Foc TR4, including several FHIA parental lines and hybrids, the Cavendish (AAA) selections GCTCV 215 and GCTCV 247 from TBRI and an Indonesian selection CJ19 showed either very little to no plant death due to the disease.

PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility of undertaking a pragmatic single-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a visual arts participation programme to evaluate effects on survivor wellbeing within stroke rehabilitation.METHODS: Stroke survivors receiving in-patient rehabilitation were randomised to receive eight art participation sessions (n = 41) or usual care (n = 40). Recruitment, retention, preference for art participation and change in selected outcomes were evaluated at end of intervention outcome assessment and three-month follow-up.RESULTS: Of 315 potentially eligible participants 81 (29%) were recruited. 88% (n = 71) completed outcome and 77% (n = 62) follow-up assessments. Of eight intervention group non-completers, six had no preference for art participation. Outcome completion varied between 97% and 77%. Running groups was difficult because of randomisation timing. Effectiveness cannot be determined from this feasibility study but effects sizes suggested art participation may benefit emotional wellbeing, measured on the positive and negative affect schedule, and self-efficacy for Art (d = 0.24-0.42).CONCLUSIONS: Undertaking a RCT of art participation within stroke rehabilitation was feasible. Art participation may enhance self-efficacy and positively influence emotional wellbeing. These should be outcomes in a future definitive trial. A cluster RCT would ensure art groups could be reliably convened. Fewer measures, and better retention strategies are required. Implications for Rehabilitation This feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed that recruiting and retaining stroke survivors in an RCT of a visual arts participation intervention within stroke rehabilitation was feasible. Preference to participate in art activities may influence recruitment and drop-out rates, and should be addressed and evaluated fully. Art participation as part of rehabilitation may improve some aspects of post-stroke wellbeing, including positive affect and self-efficacy for art. A future definitive cluster RCT would facilitate full evaluation of the value art participation can add to rehabilitation.

Summary In 2010, Adams et al. published a paper on well-time estimation, which for the first time allowed accurate calculation of probabilistic duration for noncritical wells. The present paper extends the method and data coverage to high stepout and high-pressure–high-temperature (HP/HT) wells. The method has now been in use for 5 years. Actual and predicted durations are given for each year's drilling, showing that the accuracy is historically within 2 to 3% for stable trainwreck rates. The historical well database upon which the statistics are based now stands at 211 wells, 93 more than the previous paper. To the authors’ knowledge, it remains the only large-sample timings database published in the open literature. To allow others to use the method, the updated activity timings, mechanical nonproductive time (NPT), and waiting-on-weather (WOW) data for semisubmersible-drilled wells are given in full. It is shown that the commonly used distributed trainwrecks model has too high a sampling uncertainty for accurate time estimation. The lumped trainwrecks approach presented here does not suffer from this limitation, and is therefore (to the authors’ knowledge) the only published method that delivers the required accuracy for practical data-set sizes.

Community colleges produce large numbers of high quality graduates from career and technical programs. These programs are often of high academic rigor and quality. However, most universities view these Applied Associates of Science (AAS) as being terminal associate's degrees that are not appropriate for transfer. Regional accrediting standards are often cited as the reason for this differentiation. The reality is that institutional policies often simply dismiss AAS courses by their prefix to simplify the process. This study and presentation will explore the reality of what is allowed by accrediting bodies in transferring AAS courses and best practices for facilitating the maximum allowable course transfer.

The Barlow equation for tubular internal yield pressure is widely used in American Petroleum Institute (API) and International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standards, but its provenance and accuracy have never been established: indeed, until very recently, the original reference had been lost to the industry. This has led to doubt and confusion about its use. This paper presents the work done by ISO TC67 SC5 workgroup 2 to remedy this, and explains the background and technical basis for the upcoming revisions to ISO TR 10400. It is shown that Barlow's 1836 derivation violates the 3D constitutive law, and the result is therefore incorrect as originally purposed (a thick wall hoop stress). Moreover, hoop stress is a uniaxial (1D) check: the modern approach is 2D or 3D checking, based on a material failure condition such as the Von Mises yield criterion. However, the result also happens to represent the thin wall approximation to the VME failure pressure for plane stress (i.e., zero axial load), which gives an accurate measure of the yield pressure. Remarkably, this does not seem to have been recognised in previous work. The derivation is given, and the assumptions and limitations explained. Present design practice is over-conservative for thick wall pipe, and potentially unconservative for thin wall. This is not the fault of the Barlow equation per se: it is caused by the difference in physics between the design equation (VME yield) and the ultimate limit state (ULS) behaviour (ductile rupture). The industry should therefore consider revising OCTG burst ratings and accompanying design practice to achieve a more uniform safety level over the full D/t range of casing and tubing.

Creating a community of lifelong learners is one of Brimbank City Council's strategic directions for community wellbeing and improving the social and economic outcomes of individuals and the community. Brimbank is a low socio-economic area, and learning supports community aspirations and is used as a driver for positive change. The Brimbank libraries provide significant learning opportunities for community learning as a result of strategic repositioning of the library service. Learning is inherent in the design of library interiors, the collections and programmes. This paper describes the strategic changes and the libraries' approach to supporting community learning, sets the context for this strategic direction, and focuses on learning supported through the libraries' programmes framework.

Introduction A comparative study was conducted comparing the difference between (1) conformal radiotherapy (CRT) to the whole breast with sequential boost excision cavity plans and (2) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to the whole breast with simultaneously integrated boost to the excision cavity. The computed tomography (CT) data sets of 25 breast cancer patients were used and the results analysed to determine if either planning method produced superior plans. Methods CT data sets from 25 past breast cancer patients were planned using (1) CRT prescribed to 50 Gy in 25 fractions (Fx) to the whole-breast planning target volume (PTV) and 10 Gy in 5Fx to the excision cavity and (2) IMRT prescribed to 60 Gy in 25Fx, with 60 Gy delivered to the excision cavity PTV and 50 Gy delivered to the whole-breast PTV, treated simultaneously. In total, 50 plans were created, with each plan evaluated by PTV coverage using conformity indices, plan maximum dose, lung dose, and heart maximum dose for patients with left-side lesions. Results CRT plans delivered the lowest plan maximum doses in 56% of cases (average CRT = 6314.34 cGy, IMRT = 6371.52 cGy). They also delivered the lowest mean lung dose in 68% of cases (average CRT = 1206.64 cGy, IMRT = 1288.37 cGy) and V20 in 88% of cases (average CRT = 20.03%, IMRT = 21.73%) and V30 doses in 92% of cases (average CRT = 16.82%, IMRT = 17.97%). IMRT created more conformal plans, using both conformity index and conformation number, in every instance, and lower heart maximum doses in 78.6% of cases (average CRT = 5295.26 cGy, IMRT = 5209.87 cGy). Conclusion IMRT plans produced superior dose conformity and shorter treatment duration, but a slightly higher planning maximum and increased lung doses. IMRT plans are also faster to treat on a daily basis, with shorter fractionation.

Conventional methods of addressing the needs of students with print disabilities include text-to-speech services. One major drawback of text-to-speech technologies is that computerized speech simply articulates the same words in a text whereas human voice can convey emotions such as excitement, sadness, fear, or joy. Audiobooks have human narration, but are designed for entertainment and not for teaching word identification, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension to students. This chapter focuses on the 3-year pilot of CRISKids; all CRIS recordings feature human narration. The pilot demonstrated that students who feel competent in their reading and class work tend to be more engaged in classroom routines, spend more time on task and demonstrate greater comprehension of written materials. When more demonstrate these behaviors and skills, teachers are better able to provide meaningful instruction, since less time is spent on issues of classroom management and redirection. Thus, CRISKids impacts not only the students with print disabilities, but all of the students in the classroom.

This paper outlines a new industry initiative and system supported by a group of Operators to reduce NPT and enhance safety performance.It addresses competency of Well-Site Supervisors with a group of Operators aspiring to create industry-wide certification. Its paradigm is Well Control Certification which it will complement, addressing all other areas within both drilling and completions.Competence and experience validation requires a systematic, reliable and repeatable approach. The paper will outline the challenges and response of an Operator group to Well-Site Supervisor Testing, Certification and Training.The Vision is to set the hallmark for quality Well-Site Supervisors globally by providing regularly updated certification.The objective is to: Prevent repetitive mistakes that cost the industry $billions each yearDifferentiate reliable people and support those that need assistanceMeasure reactions to simulations of events that occurred by presenting them as they unfold (to avoid hindsight engineering)Provide tools to improve and measure the individual's developmentShare the resource of quality graded Well-Site SupervisorsIncorporate ‘Human Factors’ to test interactionThe downturn represents a unique opportunity to set a new standard for an upturn when there will be shortages of quality personnel. Operators will be able to identify qualified personnel and train those that don't yet meet requirements, providing more quality personnel to the industry.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a complex illness characterized by fatigue, impaired concentration, and musculoskeletal pain, is often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric illness due to the overlap of its symptoms with mood and anxiety disorders. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H MRSI), we previously measured levels of the major brain metabolites in CFS, in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and in healthy control subjects, and found significantly higher levels of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate in CFS compared to the other two groups. In the present study, we sought to assess the specificity of this observation for CFS by comparing ventricular lactate levels in a new cohort of 17 CFS subjects with those in 19 healthy volunteers and in 21 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), which, like GAD, is a neuropsychiatric disorder that has significant symptom overlap with CFS. Ventricular CSF lactate was significantly elevated in CFS compared to healthy volunteers, replicating the major result of our previous study. Ventricular lactate measures in MDD did not differ from those in either CFS or healthy volunteers. We found a significant correlation between ventricular CSF lactate and severity of mental fatigue that was specific to the CFS group. In an exploratory analysis, we did not find evidence for altered levels of the amino acid neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate + glutamine ('Glx'), in CFS compared to MDD or healthy controls. Future (1)H MRS studies with larger sample sizes and well-characterized populations will be necessary to further clarify the sensitivity and specificity of neurometabolic abnormalities in CFS and MDD.

Many government and non‐statutory registers utilise point datasets to represent cultural heritage places. An effect of this approach is to emphasise that cultural heritage comprises a series of spatially discrete material remains or ‘sites’, suggesting discrete locations which are somehow disconnected from their broader historical and landscape contexts. We advocate an alternative in which spatial representation of heritage is set within a cultural landscape framework, acknowledging that all parts of the landscape have inter‐connected cultural histories, associations and meanings resulting from long‐term and ongoing human–environmental interactions. Results from a collaborative cultural heritage research project undertaken at Culgoa National Park in Australia demonstrate the advantage of this approach. The mapping products produced by the work comprise an interactive electronic DVD Atlas and hard copy maps. Both focus on meeting the management needs of field‐based park staff.

Background Significant alterations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels have been previously reported in major depressive disorder (MDD); however, no studies to date have investigated associations between these amino acid neurotransmitters and treatment resistance. Methods The objective of this study was to compare occipital cortex (OCC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) GABA and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) in 15 medication-free treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients with those in 18 nontreatment-resistant MDD (nTRD) patients and 24 healthy volunteers (HVs). Results Levels of OCC GABA relative to voxel tissue water (W) were decreased in TRD patients compared with both HV (20.2% mean reduction; p = .001; Cohen's d = 1.3) and nTRD subjects (16.4% mean reduction; p = .007; Cohen's d = 1.4). There was a similar main effect of diagnosis for ACC GABA/W levels ( p = .047; Cohen's d = .76) with TRD patients exhibiting reduced GABA in comparison with the other two groups (22.4% to 24.5% mean reductions). Group differences in Glx/W were not significant in either brain region. Only GABA results in OCC survived correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions Our findings corroborate previous reports of decreased GABA in MDD and provide initial evidence for a distinct neuronal amino acid profile in patients who have failed to respond to several standard antidepressants, possibly indicative of abnormal glutamate/glutamine/GABA cycling. Given interest in novel antidepressant mechanisms in TRD that selectively target amino acid neurotransmitter function, the translational relevance of these findings awaits further study.

There is conflicting evidence concerning lithium’s effect on renal function. The aim is to clarify whether lithium affects kidney function and at what stage of treatment any effect may occur. Systematic review identified 23 studies split into three groups on which meta-analysis was performed to identify the following: A) lithium’s effect on renal function in cross-sectional case-control studies, B) studies of renal function before and after commencement on lithium, C) studies of longer term effect in those already established on lithium therapy. Group A showed a statistically significant increase of 5.7 μmol/L in creatinine in the study population compared with controls. Group B showed a non-statistically significant rise in creatinine (2.9 μmol/L) after a mean follow-up of 86 months. Group C showed a statistically significant increase in creatinine of 7.0 μmol/L over a mean duration of 64 months. An increase in creatinine of an average of 1.6 μmol/L/year on lithium was also identified in this group. Any lithium-associated increase in serum creatinine is quantitatively small and of questionable clinical significance. However, routine renal function monitoring of patients on lithium is essential.

ness, or civil society alone. And yet, due to mistrust and inadequate incentives, leaders of these three sectors are often reluctant to come together. Nevertheless, significant opportunities do exist for government, business, and civil society to both pursue their respective vital interests and unite around a common purpose. By building trusting relationships and aligning incentives, the three cornerstone sectors of society can—and must—unite to form what we term “megacommunities.” Successfully creating such megacommunities is a prerequisite to addressing the challenges of the twenty-first century.

This article is a study of how Nottinghamshire Drug and Alcohol Action Team used Drug Intervention Programme monies to support partnership working in Nottinghamshire to secure supported housing for drug‐using offenders who were fast‐tracked into treatment by their involvement with the Criminal Justice System. The article identifies lessons learnt in relation to partnership engagement, community involvement and the importance of involving wrap‐around services in holistic delivery of supported housing and treatment. It also identifies the ongoing challenges of meeting the needs of service users alongside those of housing providers, and looks at very quick wins in relation to housing for substance misusers from bond schemes and use of established debt advisors who can support individuals in their resettlement needs.

To explore stroke survivors' and artists' beliefs about participatory visual arts programme participation during in-patient rehabilitation to identify benefits and potential mechanisms of action.Qualitative design using semi-structured in-depth interviews with stroke survivors (n = 11) and artists (n = 3).Data were audio-recorded and transcribed. Framework approach was used to identify themes and develop conceptual schemes.The non-medical, social context of art facilitated social interaction, provided enjoyment and distraction from stroke and re-established social identity thereby improving mood. The processes of art making generated confidence and self-efficacy, setting and achievement of creative, communication and physical recovery goals that provided control over survivors' situation and hope for recovery. Creative output involved completion of artwork and display for viewing. This enhanced self-esteem and improved mood, providing survivors with new identities through positive appraisal of the work by others. Self-efficacy, hope and control appeared to mediate benefits.This study provides a model of intervention components, mechanisms of action and outcome mediators to explain how art participation may work. Findings suggest that art may influence important psychosocial outcomes that other rehabilitation approaches do not typically address. The study paves the way for a future effectiveness trial.Participation in an art programme during rehabilitation appears to improve stroke survivors' mood, confidence and self-esteem and enhances perceptions of hope and control over recovery. Social interactions, the processes of art making and review and appraisal by others may be key intervention components from which benefits are derived. Benefits from art participation may enhance survivors' experiences of rehabilitation and appear to provide benefits that other rehabilitation interventions do not. Art participation should be considered as an important adjunct to traditional rehabilitation.

In 2010, Nexen UK published a paper on well time estimation (Adams et al. 2010), which for the first time allowed accurate calculation of probabilistic duration for non-critical wells. The present paper extends the method and data coverage to high step-out and HPHT wells. The method has now been in use at Nexen for five years. Actual and predicted durations are given for each year's drilling, showing that the accuracy is historically within 2-3% for stable train-wreck rates. The historical well database upon which the statistics are based now stands at 190 wells, 72 more than the previous paper. To the authors' knowledge, it remains the only large-sample timings database published in the open literature. To allow others to use the method, the updated activity timings, mechanical NPT and waiting on weather data for semi-sub drilled wells are given in full. It is shown that the commonly used distributed train-wrecks model has too high a sampling uncertainty for accurate time estimation. The lumped train-wrecks approach presented here does not suffer from this limitation, and is therefore the only method that delivers the required predictive accuracy for practical dataset sizes.

EUV photons expose photoresists by complex interactions starting with photoionization that create primary electrons (~80 eV), followed by ionization steps that create secondary electrons (10-60 eV). Ultimately, these lower energy electrons interact with specific molecules in the resist that cause the chemical reactions which are responsible for changes in solubility. The mechanisms by which these electrons interact with resist components are key to optimizing the performance of EUV resists. An electron exposure chamber was built to probe the behavior of electrons within photoresists. Upon exposure and development of a photoresist to an electron gun, ellipsometry was used to identify the dependence of electron penetration depth and number of reactions on dose and energy. Additionally, our group has updated a robust software that uses first-principles based Monte Carlo model called “LESiS”, to track secondary electron production, penetration depth, and reaction mechanisms within materials-defined environments. LESiS was used to model the thickness loss experiments to validate its performance with respect to simulated electron penetration depths to inform future modeling work.