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1. Linking effective population size dynamics to phenotypic traits in the common toad (Bufo bufo)

Author

Robert Jehle, Robert S. Coles, and Chris J. Reading

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Conservation genetics, education.field_of_study, Population, Zoology, Phenotypic trait, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Effective population size, Genetic variation, Genetics, Genetic erosion, Bufo, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Genetic monitoring
Abstract

The effective size of a population (Ne) determines the retention of neutral genetic variation in isolated populations, and is therefore a key parameter in conservation genetics. However, while our knowledge on the genetic properties of endangered populations has vastly improved in recent decades, rather little is known about the drivers of variation in Ne/Nc (the ratio between Ne and the population census size Nc) within given species. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to genotype 898 adult common toads (Bufo bufo) obtained over five reproductive seasons from a single population (2004–2006 and 2008–2009), and related annual measures of Ne to cohort-specific population attributes. Consistent with the hypothesis that shifts in fitness-related traits can alter reproductive shares, we observed an increase in annual Ne and Ne/Nc ratios in parallel with a decline in body size in both sexes, and in parallel with an increase in body condition in males. The obtained Ne values also corresponded well with parentage inferences across the 6-year study period, which assigned 46.3% of individuals recorded in 2008 and 2009 to at least one putative parent from the 2004–2006 cohorts. Our study highlights a possible causative link between phenotypic traits such as body size and Ne/Nc, which has the potential to influence the amount of genetic erosion through drift.\ud Keywords:Amphibians; Anurans; Genetic compensation; Genetic monitoring; Microsatellites

Published
2019
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2. The diversity of population responses to environmental change

Author

Susan C. Alberts, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Colin O'Donnell, Chris J. Reading, David Miller, Aurelio F. Malo, Jean-François Lemaître, David J. Hodgson, Geoffrey M. While, Thomas Flatt, Becky E. Raboy, Sam M. Larson, Kristel M. De Vleeschouwer, Tim Coulson, Richard J. Delahay, John Frisenvænge, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Peter H. Becker, Anne M. Bronikowski, Martin Hesselsøe, Fernando Colchero, Annette Baudisch, Felix Zajitschek, Stefan Dummermuth, Sandra Bouwhuis, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Craig Packer, Henri Weimerskirch, Owen R. Jones, Dalia Amor Conde, Erik Wapstra, Jennifer McDonald, Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of Leeds, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological [Australia], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies [Zurich, Switzerland], University of Zurich, Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology [Duke Univ., USA], Duke University, Institut of Avian Research An der Vogelwarte [Germany], Institute of Avian Research, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University (ISU), Centre for Research and Conservation [Belgium], Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, National Wildlife Management Centre [UK], Info Fauna Karch 2000, Department of Anthropology [New Haven, USA], Yale University [New Haven], Amphi Consult [Denmark], Department of Anthropology [University of Pennsylvania], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Falmouth, United Kingdom, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management [USA], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Conservation [Christchurch, New Zealand], Te Papa Atawhai, College of Biological Sciences [USA], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Oxfordhire, UK], CEH Wallingford, School of Biological Sciences [Australia], University of Tasmania (UTAS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Denmark], Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Oxford, University of Pennsylvania, University of Exeter, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Letter, Environmental change, Age-structured population models, Climate Change, fecundity, Population, Population Dynamics, Bayesian inference, Climate change, Biology, Extinction, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, survival, Ecology and Environment, Birds, Population growth, Animals, Letters, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, education.field_of_study, Stochastic Processes, Extinction, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Variance (accounting), Biodiversity, Fecundity, Age‐structured population models, mortality, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Diversity (business)
Abstract

The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical derivations to explore how environmental perturbations determine population growth rates for populations with different age‐specific demographic rates and when ages are reduced to stages. We find that stage‐ vs. age‐based models can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are survival‐fecundity‐trade‐offs, which reduce the variance in the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with different age‐specific demographic rates can diverge to the extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.

Published
2018
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3. Divergent evolution in the polymorphic granular poison-dart frog, Oophaga granulifera: genetics, coloration, advertisement calls, and morphology

Author

Kristopher B. Karsten, Norma J. Salcedo, David M. Green, Michael R. Lowe, Chris J. Reading, Brendan J. Godley, Stanley E. Trauth, Maureen A. Donnelly, H. Bradley Shaffer, Bruce A. Kingsbury, and Michael J. Pauers

Subjects
Divergent evolution, biology, Poison dart frog, Evolutionary biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Morphology (biology), Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Oophaga granulifera
Published
2014
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