106 results on '"Chris Howard"'
Search Results
2. Editorial: The Marketization of Higher Education: The State of the Union Between the Student as Consumer and the Free Market
- Author
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Chris Howard, Carl Senior, Edward J. Stupple, Andrew Corcoran, and Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Subjects
marketization ,higher education ,quantitative and qualitative ,Lacan (Jacques) ,free market capitalism ,student as consumer ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Dark Side of Humanity Scale: A reconstruction of the Dark Tetrad constructs
- Author
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Louise Katz, Caroline Harvey, Ian S. Baker, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
Dark Tetrad ,Sex invariance ,Successful psychopathy ,Narcissistic entitlement ,Sadism ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
There has been an absence of consideration regarding measurement invariance across males and females in the widely available Dark Tetrad (DT) scales which measure psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism and everyday sadism. This has resulted in criticisms of the measures, suggesting that the assessed constructs are not wholly relatable between the groups. This article documents the construction and validation of the Dark Side of Humanity Scale (DSHS), which measures dark personalities from an alternative viewpoint, determined by the constructs as they emerged from the male and female data, whilst aligning with theory and attaining invariance between sex. Across four samples (n = 2409), using a diverse range of statistical methods, including exploratory graph analysis, item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis, a divergence from the widely available DT measures emerged, whereby primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were unified. This corroborated past research which had discussed the two constructs as being parallel. It further supported the DSHS with a shift away from the traditional DT conceptualisation. The resulting scale encompasses four factors which are sex invariant across samples and time. The first factor represents the successful psychopath, factor two addresses the grandiose form of entitlement, factor three taps into everyday sadism whilst the fourth factor pertains to narcissistic entitlement rage. Construct and external validity of the DSHS across two samples (n = 1338), as well as test-retest reliability (n = 413), was achieved. The DSHS provides an alternative approach to investigating the dark side of human nature, whilst also being sex invariant, thus making it highly suitable for use with mixed sex samples.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Cascading health and social issues for women living and aging with HIV
- Author
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Lisa-Maree Herron, Allyson Mutch, Melania Mugamu, Chris Howard, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Background: There has been limited qualitative inquiry aimed at understanding the gendered and unique experiences of women living with HIV in high-income countries. In Australia, the relatively small number of women living with HIV means they have been largely overlooked in social, clinical, and policy representations of HIV over time. Objectives: To explore the experiences of women living long-term and aging with HIV, to understand the complex intersections between their health and social trajectories. Methods: Data were collected as part of Living Positive in Queensland, a longitudinal qualitative study of the experiences of living long-term and aging of people living with HIV in Queensland, Australia. This study analysed data from three annual, semi-structured interviews with the 11 female participants. Results: Women negotiated gendered roles and identities as they grappled with ongoing and intertwined health and psychosocial challenges over their life course. Development of co-morbidities, experiences of stigma, gendered social roles, financial precarity, and limited social support amplified the challenges of living with HIV and cumulatively impacted women’s health and wellbeing as they aged with HIV. Conclusion: The health and wellbeing of women living with HIV are adversely impacted by intersecting complex health issues, HIV-related stigma, gendered identities, social disadvantage, and aging. Greater attention to the unique needs of women living with HIV is necessary to reduce the prevalence of psychological distress, financial stress, and vulnerability to social isolation which, in turn, lead to poorer health.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Student Primacy and the Post Pandemic University
- Author
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Carl Senior, Chris Howard, Edward J. N. Stupple, and Rowena Senior
- Subjects
undergraduates ,students ,HE ,university ,markets ,learning ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Increasing HIV testing among hard-to-reach groups: examination of RAPID, a community-based testing service in Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Allyson J. Mutch, Chi-Wai Lui, Judith Dean, Limin Mao, Jime Lemoire, Joseph Debattista, Chris Howard, Andrea Whittaker, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
HIV testing models ,STI ,Treatment as prevention ,Peer led ,Rapid testing ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The success of ‘treatment as prevention’ (TasP) to control HIV relies on the uptake of testing across priority population groups. Innovative strategies including; rapid HIV testing (RHT) in community and outreach settings, engaging peer service providers, and not requiring disclosure of sexual history have been designed to increase access. This paper reports on the implementation of ‘RAPID’, a community-based testing program in Queensland, Australia that employs these strategies to increase access to testing. Methods Service data, including client registration forms and a satisfaction survey from all clients attending RAPID between August 2014 and July 2015 were analysed. Results In 2014/2015 1,199 people attended RAPID to receive a free HIV test. The majority were urban-based gay men. 17.1% were first-time testers and 20.1% of participants were not eligible to access Medicare, Australia’s universal health care scheme. Conclusions RAPID’s evidence-based strategies appear to facilitate access to HIV testing, particularly among those who have never tested before; however the implications for the ongoing treatment and care of people ineligible for Medicare, who test positive to HIV warrants careful consideration.
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
7. Using a Novel Approach to Estimate Packing Density and Related Electrical Resistance in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks
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Usha Philipose, Yan Jiang, Gavin Farmer, Chris Howard, Michael Harcrow, Chris Littler, Vincent Lopes, Athanasios J. Syllaios, Ashok Sood, and John W. Zeller
- Subjects
carbon nanotubes ,multi-walled ,electron transport ,percolation limits ,tunneling ,fractal dimension ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this work, we use contrast image processing to estimate the concentration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a given network. The fractal dimension factor (D) of the CNT network that provides an estimate of its geometrical complexity, is determined and correlated to network resistance. Six fabricated devices with different CNT concentrations exhibit D factors ranging from 1.82 to 1.98. The lower D-factor was associated with the highly complex network with a large number of CNTs in it. The less complex network, having the lower density of CNTs had the highest D factor of approximately 2, which is the characteristic value for a two-dimensional network. The electrical resistance of the thin MWCNT network was found to scale with the areal mass density of MWCNTs by a power law, with a percolation exponent of 1.42 and a percolation threshold of 0.12 μg/cm2. The sheet resistance of the films with a high concentration of MWCNTs was about six orders of magnitude lower than that of less dense networks; an effect attributed to an increase in the number of CNT–CNT contacts, enabling more efficient electron transfer. The dependence of the resistance on the areal density of CNTs in the network and on CNT network complexity was analyzed to validate a two-dimension percolation behavior.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. SIMADL: Simulated Activities of Daily Living Dataset
- Author
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Talal Alshammari, Nasser Alshammari, Mohamed Sedky, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
smart home ,simulation ,dataset ,internet of things ,machine learning ,classification ,anomaly detection ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
With the realisation of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, the analysis of the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), in a smart home environment, is becoming an active research domain. The existence of representative datasets is a key requirement to advance the research in smart home design. Such datasets are an integral part of the visualisation of new smart home concepts as well as the validation and evaluation of emerging machine learning models. Machine learning techniques that can learn ADLs from sensor readings are used to classify, predict and detect anomalous patterns. Such techniques require data that represent relevant smart home scenarios, for training, testing and validation. However, the development of such machine learning techniques is limited by the lack of real smart home datasets, due to the excessive cost of building real smart homes. This paper provides two datasets for classification and anomaly detection. The datasets are generated using OpenSHS, (Open Smart Home Simulator), which is a simulation software for dataset generation. OpenSHS records the daily activities of a participant within a virtual environment. Seven participants simulated their ADLs for different contexts, e.g., weekdays, weekends, mornings and evenings. Eighty-four files in total were generated, representing approximately 63 days worth of activities. Forty-two files of classification of ADLs were simulated in the classification dataset and the other forty-two files are for anomaly detection problems in which anomalous patterns were simulated and injected into the anomaly detection dataset.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. HIV Health literacy beyond the biomedical model: an innovative visual learning tool to highlight the psychosocial complexities of care
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Olivia Hollingdrake, Chris Howard, Chi-Wai Lui, Allyson Mutch, Judith Dean, and Lisa Fitzgerald
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Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Social Stigma ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Continuity of Patient Care ,Qualitative Research ,Health Literacy - Abstract
The HIV care continuum represents a linear clinical pathway from testing to viral suppression; however, it does not capture the psychosocial complexities of contemporary HIV care. We developed an innovative and appealing visual learning resource to extend the scope of HIV health literacy beyond biomedical constructs. Based on the lived experiences of recently diagnosed people living with HIV in Queensland, the "Journeys through the HIV Care Continuum" Map presents the continuum as a complex journey incorporating challenges such as poor health literacy, health service access and stigma alongside facilitators to care, including emotional and peer support. Designed for audiences who may not access academic literature, the Map can be used to facilitate conversations between recently diagnosed people living with HIV and peer navigators, and as a learning tool for health professionals, carers and students. The Map highlights opportunities to support PLHIV in meaningful ways that will reduce stigma and promote care access.
- Published
- 2022
10. Nonclassical crystal growth and growth rate hysteresis observed during the growth of curcumin in impure solutions
- Author
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K. Vasanth Kumar, Srinivas Gadipelli, Kiran A. Ramisetty, Claire Heffernan, Andrew A. Stewart, Vivek Ranade, Chris Howard, and Dan Brett
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General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
Partially dissolved crystals of curcumin grow faster and exhibit an accelerated growth rate hysteresis.
- Published
- 2023
11. Enduring stigma and precarity: A review of qualitative research examining the experiences of women living with HIV in high income countries over two decades
- Author
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Lisa-Maree Herron, Lisa Fitzgerald, Lara Kruizinga, Chi-Wai Lui, Allyson Mutch, and Chris Howard
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Gerontology ,Coping (psychology) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Developed Countries ,Social Stigma ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Stigma (botany) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Consistency (negotiation) ,Precarity ,General Health Professions ,Epidemiology ,Health care ,Income ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Sociology ,business ,Qualitative Research ,Qualitative research - Abstract
The lived experience of HIV for women remains poorly understood. In particular, there has been little attention to the consequences for women living with HIV (WLHIV) of changing social, epidemiological, biomedical and policy contexts, or to the implications of long-term treatment and aging for the current generation of HIV-positive women. We reviewed qualitative research with WLHIV in selected high-income countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA) to identify the most prevalent experiences of HIV for women and trends over time. Our synthesis highlights the relative consistency of experiences of a diverse sample of WLHIV, particularly the enduring prevalence of gendered HIV-related stigma, sociostructural barriers to healthcare and support, and negative encounters with health professionals. We also identified gaps in knowledge. Understanding women's experiences, particularly their changing needs and strategies for coping as they live long-term with HIV, is key to effective support and services for WLHIV.
- Published
- 2021
12. 'They're My Go-To People': A Qualitative Study of Support Networks for People Recently Diagnosed With HIV in Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Olivia Hollingdrake, Chi-Wai Lui, Judith A. Dean, Allyson Mutch, Chris Howard, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,social networks ,support ,stigma ,network mapping ,HIV ,qualitative methods - Abstract
Support networks promote care engagement and prevent social isolation for people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the personal support networks of recently diagnosed PLWH and explored how these networks change over time. We developed qualitative social network maps with 10 recently diagnosed PLWH in Queensland and identified unique and dynamic support networks. Network changes over time were influenced by changing support needs and experiences of stigma. Some support networks grew, whereas others remained small and close-knit or became sparse. The pivotal role of peers for information and emotional support was revealed. Socially isolated PLWH also described substantial reliance on long-term professional support. Others described reasons why health professionals were excluded from support networks, revealing the importance of nonjudgmental attitudes and HIV literacy among health professionals. Facilitating ongoing links with peers and professionals are crucial strategies to help PLWH foster effective and sustainable networks for comprehensive long-term support.
- Published
- 2022
13. Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe): A Feasibility Trial of Nicotine Vaping Products for Smoking Cessation Among People Living with HIV
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Stephanie Edwards, Cheneal Puljević, Judith A. Dean, Charles Gilks, Mark A. Boyd, Peter Baker, Peter Watts, Chris Howard, and Coral E. Gartner
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Infectious Diseases ,Social Psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) have high rates of tobacco smoking. Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) may promote tobacco smoking cessation and/or harm reduction. This study aimed to trial the feasibility of NVPs for promoting tobacco smoking cessation among PLHIV. The Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe) study was a mixed-methods trial among 29 PLHIV who used tobacco daily. Participants trialled a 12-week intervention of NVPs. This study reports descriptive analyses of quantitative data on tobacco abstinence and associated adverse events. Short-term abstinence (7-day point prevalence; i.e., no tobacco use for 7 days) was achieved by 35% of participants at Week 12 and 31% reported short-term abstinence at Week 24. Sustained medium-term abstinence (8 weeks’ abstinence) was achieved by 15% of participants at Week 12 and 31% at Week 24. Most adverse events were mild. NVPs may represent a feasible and potentially effective short-to-medium term tobacco smoking cessation aid and/or harm reduction strategy among PLHIV.
- Published
- 2022
14. Tackling structural stigma: a systems perspective
- Author
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Graham Brown, Daniel Reeders, Aaron Cogle, Brent Allan, Chris Howard, John Rule, Susan Chong, and Deborah Gleeson
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Infectious Diseases ,Social Stigma ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Peer Group ,Uncategorized - Abstract
Introduction: Structural stigma in the global HIV response is a “moving target” that constantly evolves as the epidemic changes. Tackling structural stigma requires an understanding of the drivers and facilitators of stigma in complex community, policy and health systems. In this paper, we present findings from a study adopting a systems perspective to understand how to tackle structural stigma via the Meaningful Involvement of People with HIV/AIDS (MIPA), while highlighting the challenges in demonstrating peer leadership from people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: Through a long-term ongoing community-research collaboration (2015–2023), the study applied systems thinking methods to draw together the insights of over 90 peer staff from 10 Australian community and peer organizations. We used hypothetical narratives, affinity methods and causal loop diagrams to co-create system maps that visualize the factors that influence the extent to which peer leadership is expected, respected, sought-out and funded in the Australian context. We then developed draft indicators of what we should see happening when PLHIV peer leadership and MIPA is enabled to challenge structural stigma. Results: Participants in the collaboration identified the interactions at a system level, which can enable or constrain the quality and influence of PLHIV peer leadership. Participants identified that effective peer leadership is itself affected by structural stigma, and peer leaders and the programmes that support and enable peer leadership must navigate a complex network of causal pathways and strategic pitfalls. Participants identified that indicators for effective PLHIV peer leadership in terms of engagement, alignment, adaptation and influence also required indicators for policy and service organizations to recognize their own system role to value and enable PLHIV peer leadership. Failing to strengthen and incorporate PLHIV leadership within broader systems of policy making and health service provision was identified as an example of structural stigma. Conclusions: Incorporating PLHIV leadership creates a virtuous cycle, because, as PLHIV voices are heard and trusted, the case for their inclusion only gets stronger. This paper argues that a systems perspective can help to guide the most productive leverage points for intervention to tackle structural stigma and promote effective PLHIV leadership.
- Published
- 2022
15. Belonging, social connection and non‐clinical care: Experiences of HIV peer support among recently diagnosed people living with HIV in Australia
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Nathanael, Wells, Steven P, Philpot, Dean, Murphy, Jeanne, Ellard, Chris, Howard, John, Rule, Christopher, Fairley, Garrett, Prestage, and Lisa, Bastian
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Sociology and Political Science ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Effective HIV treatments have transformed the medical needs of people living with HIV (PLHIV) to a chronic condition. However, stigma, poorer mental health outcomes and social isolation remain significant challenges for many PLHIV. HIV peer support programs have assisted PLHIV in navigating the clinical, emotional and social aspects of living with HIV. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 26 recently diagnosed PLHIV in Australia to explore experiences of HIV peer support services. Our thematic analysis identified three overarching themes. First, participants commonly reported that peer support programs offered a sense of belonging and connection to a broader HIV community. This established a network, sometimes separate to their existing social networks, of other PLHIV with whom to share experiences of HIV. Second, peer-based programs provided an opportunity for participants to hear firsthand, non-clinical perspectives on living with HIV. While participants valued the clinical care they received, the perspectives of peers gave participants insights into how others had managed aspects of living with HIV such as disclosure, sex and relationships. Finally, participants highlighted important considerations around ensuring referrals were made to socially and culturally appropriate support programs. Peer support programs fill an important gap in HIV care, working alongside and extending the work of the clinical management of HIV. Incorporating formal referrals to peer support services as part of the HIV diagnosis process could assist recently diagnosed PLHIV in adjusting to a positive diagnosis.
- Published
- 2022
16. Unraveling the Complexities of Life Sciences Data.
- Author
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Roger Higdon, Winston Haynes, Larissa Stanberry, Elizabeth Stewart, Gregory Yandl, Chris Howard, William Broomall, Natali Kolker, and Eugene Kolker
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Understanding the social and emotional dimensions of HIV self-management : A qualitative study of newly diagnosed people living with HIV in Queensland, Australia
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Lisa Fitzgerald, Chi-Wai Lui, Chris Howard, Judith Dean, Allyson Mutch, and Olivia Hollingdrake
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self-management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Social Stigma ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Stigma (botany) ,HIV Infections ,emotional support ,Peer support ,Affect (psychology) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Nursing ,medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Self-management ,HIV ,stigma ,Personal identity ,Queensland ,Thematic analysis ,Psychology ,disclosure ,qualitative research ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Understanding of HIV self-management increasingly focuses on treatment adherence and associated health-related behaviors, yet people living with HIV (PLWH) seldom perform these actions in a social vacuum. Thus, delivering comprehensive self-management support programs for PLWH requires an understanding of the social and emotional dimensions of HIV self-management. Through thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 35 newly diagnosed PLWH, this descriptive qualitative study highlights these dimensions and their effect on experiences of HIV diagnosis and care. HIV self-management involves interpersonal interactions that affect efforts to seek support and reimagine one's personal identity in a changed reality. Managing disclosures and navigating stigma constitute everyday work for many PLWH. Because stigma continues to impede care engagement and well-being for PLWH, health practitioners must extend focus beyond viral suppression and prioritize support for emotional and social self-management. Nurses can create safe, nonstigmatizing spaces for conversations about HIV, uphold the rights of PLWH around disclosure, and ensure that PLWH are connected to peer support services.
- Published
- 2022
18. Online HIV Self-Testing (HIVST) Dissemination by an Australian Community Peer HIV Organisation: A Scalable Way to Increase Access to Testing, Particularly for Suboptimal Testers
- Author
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Sara F. E. Bell, Luke Coffey, Judith Dean, Izriel Durkin, Owain David Williams, Glen Driver, Jime Lemoire, Charles F. Gilks, Joseph Debattista, Melissa Warner, Andrew M. Redmond, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,peer-led ,intervention ,feasibility ,HIV ,testing ,HIV self-testing (HIVST) ,men who have sex with men (MSM) ,gay ,Australia ,Population ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Hiv testing ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Men who have sex with men ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Homosexuality, Male ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Test (assessment) ,Self Care ,Self-Testing ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Female ,Rural area ,Psychology - Abstract
HIV self-testing (HIVST) introduces opportunities for screening in non-conventional settings, and addresses known testing barriers. This study involved the development and evaluation of a free online HIVST dissemination service hosted by a peer-led, community-based organisation with on-site, peer-facilitated HIV testing, and established referral and support programs for people newly diagnosed with HIV to determine whether this model was feasible and acceptable for engaging MSM, particularly among infrequent and naive HIV-testers, or those living in remote and rural areas. Between December 2016 and April 2018, 927 kits were ordered by 794 individuals, the majority of whom were men who have sex with men (MSM) (62%; 494), having condomless sex (50%; 392), or living outside a major city (38%; 305). Very few (5%; 39) sought the available pre-test peer contact, despite 45% (353) being naive HIV-testers. This study demonstrates that online HIVST dissemination is acceptable and feasible for engaging at-risk suboptimal testers, including those unwilling to test elsewhere (19%; 47/225). With half (50%; 403) unwilling to buy a kit, our study suggests that HIVST will need to be subsidized (cost-neutral to users) to enhance population coverage and access.
- Published
- 2021
19. The Dark Side of Humanity Scale: A reconstruction of the Dark Tetrad constructs
- Author
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Louise Katz, Caroline Harvey, Ian S. Baker, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
Male ,Reproducibility of Results ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Sadism ,Sex invariance ,General Medicine ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,BF1-990 ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Dark Tetrad ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Narcissism ,Psychology ,Humans ,Machiavellianism ,Female ,Narcissistic entitlement ,Successful psychopathy - Abstract
There has been an absence of consideration regarding measurement invariance across males and females in the widely available Dark Tetrad (DT) scales which measure psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism and everyday sadism. This has resulted in criticisms of the measures, suggesting that the assessed constructs are not wholly relatable between the groups. This article documents the construction and validation of the Dark Side of Humanity Scale (DSHS), which measures dark personalities from an alternative viewpoint, determined by the constructs as they emerged from the male and female data, whilst aligning with theory and attaining invariance between sex. Across four samples (n = 2409), using a diverse range of statistical methods, including exploratory graph analysis, item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis, a divergence from the widely available DT measures emerged, whereby primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were unified. This corroborated past research which had discussed the two constructs as being parallel. It further supported the DSHS with a shift away from the traditional DT conceptualisation. The resulting scale encompasses four factors which are sex invariant across samples and time. The first factor represents the successful psychopath, factor two addresses the grandiose form of entitlement, factor three taps into everyday sadism whilst the fourth factor pertains to narcissistic entitlement rage. Construct and external validity of the DSHS across two samples (n = 1338), as well as test-retest reliability (n = 413), was achieved. The DSHS provides an alternative approach to investigating the dark side of human nature, whilst also being sex invariant, thus making it highly suitable for use with mixed sex samples.
- Published
- 2021
20. Money Makers: Inside the New World of Finance and Business
- Author
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David Snider, Chris Howard and David Snider, Chris Howard
- Published
- 2010
21. Student Primacy and the Post Pandemic University
- Author
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Edward J. N. Stupple, Chris Howard, Rowena Senior, and Carl Senior
- Subjects
Medical education ,learning ,students ,HE ,university ,undergraduates ,markets ,Pandemic ,Education (General) ,Sociology ,L7-991 ,Education - Published
- 2021
22. Optimizing the Gamma Process
- Author
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Chris Howard
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Gamma process ,Biomedical Engineering ,Scheduling (production processes) ,Process (computing) ,Rack ,Reduction (complexity) ,Stack (abstract data type) ,Gamma Rays ,Product (mathematics) ,Process engineering ,business ,Throughput (business) - Abstract
This article will discuss opportunities to improve the efficiency of cobalt-60 (Co-60) utilization within a gamma irradiator. It will show how redistributing the Co-60 within the source rack may lead to improved throughput or dose uniformity within a product. It presents examples of modifications to the equipment within the source pass; these include reduction in the carrier wall thickness and changes to the product stack size. It will discuss the process of scheduling and present ideas of how to optimize both the order of the products and transitions between the products to maximize process efficiencies.
- Published
- 2021
23. Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review
- Author
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Bernard Gardiner, Jordan J. Winwood, Kate Hannan, Allyson Mutch, Lisa Fitzgerald, and Chris Howard
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,HIV Infections ,Telehealth ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Social inequality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Social isolation ,Social Change ,Pandemics ,030505 public health ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Substantive Review ,COVID-19 ,HIV ,Loneliness ,PLHIV ,Mental health ,Coronavirus ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Social impact ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
Understanding the clinical impact of COVID-19 has been central to emerging research in the HIV field, but in focusing on the biomedical, researchers must not overlook the socially embedded nature of HIV and the potential social impacts of this new pandemic on PLHIV. We conducted a scoping review to explore emerging research examining the social impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV in OECD countries over the first 12 months of the pandemic. Twenty articles were identified and included for review. Key themes included: impacts on HIV care access/telehealth; stress and mental health; social isolation and loneliness; food insecurity; changes to sexual behaviour; changes to substance use; impacts on income, education and employment; and racial and social inequality. Results from this review can help guide research into areas where it is needed to help minimise the negative social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
24. Peer navigators' role in supporting people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Australia: Qualitative exploration of general practitioners' perspectives
- Author
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Chris Howard, Allyson Mutch, Satrio Nindyo Istiko, Zoyah Khalpey, Judith Dean, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Social Stigma ,Specialty ,Stigma (botany) ,Context (language use) ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,Social issues ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,General Practitioners ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Parallels ,Qualitative Research ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,HIV ,Community health ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The redefining of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an acute disease to a manageable chronic illness has reshaped the focus of care, emphasising clinical outcomes and sidelining the complex social barriers many people living with HIV (PLHIV) still face. This parallels changes in the location of HIV care in Australia, with many PLHIV seeking care from private general practitioners whose ability to address complex social issues is constrained by limitations of time and resources. In response, peer navigation has emerged as a model of care implemented by some HIV-based community health organisations seeking to support PLHIV's biomedical and psychosocial needs. However, there is limited understanding of how peer navigation operates in community settings or of the way these programmes integrate with primary care. This paper is the first to explore peer navigation from the perspective of general practitioners (GPs), with experience in treating PLHIV, to understand the role they see for peer navigators (PNs) in supporting PLHIV. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with six GPs (11.5% of specialty HIV GPs in Queensland, Australia) to examine their views and experiences of peer navigation in the context of HIV care. GPs highlighted the complexities of care for PLHIV and the need for additional resources and supports for psychosocial care. GPs valued peer navigation as part of a patient support network and bridge to health and social care systems. PNs normalised HIV, alleviating fear and stigma, educating and translating clinical information for patients. However, a key challenge was the absence of direct communication pathways with PNs. Peer navigation has clear potential in supporting the care of PLHIV, to alleviate constraints in GP settings and expand HIV care beyond the clinic.
- Published
- 2021
25. Social determinants of quality of life among PLHIV in Australia: implications for health promotion
- Author
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Jennifer Power, Graham Brown, Gosia Mikołajczak, Anthony Lyons, Fraser Drummond, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Determinants of Health ,Community organization ,Social Stigma ,HIV Infections ,Health Promotion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,medicine ,Humans ,Social media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Viral suppression ,Social Factors ,030505 public health ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Health promotion ,Quality of Life ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
Summary A cascade of care model is central to contemporary approaches to HIV prevention. The model prioritizes strategies to increase rates of HIV testing and promote early and sustained uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The model aims to prevent new HIV transmissions by increasing the number of PLHIV who have achieved HIV viral suppression. However, good quality of life (QoL) among PLHIV has been proposed as an additional goal. This prioritizes the basic right of PLHIV to lead meaningful lives and acknowledges the relationship between better QoL and consistent ART use. A better understanding of factors associated with the QoL can thus inform health promotion programmes for PLHIV. In this study, N=465 Australian participants, recruited through social media and various HIV community organizations, completed an online survey that included a measure of QoL and a range of demographic, health-related and social variables. Overall, social factors accounted uniquely for the most variance in QoL (18%), followed by health-related (11%) and demographic factors (2%). Social support, HIV-related discrimination and treatment convenience were among the strongest determinants of QoL. These findings reinforce the importance of a more holistic approach to health promotion among PLHIV. Specifically, our results indicate that to improve the QoL of PLHIV and to boost related public health benefits, community advocates and healthcare professionals must be responsive to the broader psychological, social and functional needs of PLHIV.
- Published
- 2021
26. Precious Blood: Encountering Inter-Ethnic Issues in Oral History Research, Reconstruction, and Representation
- Author
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Bailey, Chris Howard
- Published
- 1990
27. Using a Novel Approach to Estimate Packing Density and Related Electrical Resistance in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks
- Author
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Michael Harcrow, Chris Howard, Chris L. Littler, Yan Jiang, John W. Zeller, A. J. Syllaios, V.C. Lopes, Usha Philipose, Gavin Farmer, and Ashok K. Sood
- Subjects
fractal dimension ,Network complexity ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,tunneling ,Electrical resistance and conductance ,law ,General Materials Science ,Area density ,electron transport ,Composite material ,Sheet resistance ,multi-walled ,carbon nanotubes ,Percolation threshold ,Orders of magnitude (numbers) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,percolation limits ,packing density ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Percolation ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In this work, we use contrast image processing to estimate the concentration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a given network. The fractal dimension factor (D) of the CNT network that provides an estimate of its geometrical complexity, is determined and correlated to network resistance. Six fabricated devices with different CNT concentrations exhibit D factors ranging from 1.82 to 1.98. The lower D-factor was associated with the highly complex network with a large number of CNTs in it. The less complex network, having the lower density of CNTs had the highest D factor of approximately 2, which is the characteristic value for a two-dimensional network. The electrical resistance of the thin MWCNT network was found to scale with the areal mass density of MWCNTs by a power law, with a percolation exponent of 1.42 and a percolation threshold of 0.12 &mu, g/cm2. The sheet resistance of the films with a high concentration of MWCNTs was about six orders of magnitude lower than that of less dense networks, an effect attributed to an increase in the number of CNT&ndash, CNT contacts, enabling more efficient electron transfer. The dependence of the resistance on the areal density of CNTs in the network and on CNT network complexity was analyzed to validate a two-dimension percolation behavior.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Improved sensitivity from pooled urine, pharyngeal and rectal specimens when using a molecular assay for the detection of chlamydia and gonorrhoea near point of care
- Author
-
Judith Dean, Andrew M. Redmond, Luke Coffey, Sara Fiona Elizabeth Bell, Joseph Debattista, Steven G Badman, Chris Howard, David M. Whiley, Owain David Williams, Jime Lemoire, and Charles F. Gilks
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Point-of-care testing ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Pooling ,Near point ,Dermatology ,Urine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gonorrhea ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Chlamydia ,Point of care ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Rectum ,Chlamydia Infections ,medicine.disease ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Pharynx ,0305 other medical science ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,business - Abstract
For populations at risk of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), regular testing of multiple anatomical sites is recommended. Pooling methods that combine one patient’s anatomical site specimens can reduce cost and workflow burdens.1 2 The feasibility of such methods within a community setting is well established3 4; however, sensitivities of pooling are inferior to methodologies that test anatomical sites separately.1 5 Our group sought to improve pooling performance near the point of care within a peer-led, community-based STI testing service. Adapting a protocol described by Speers et al ,5 we previously reported3 sensitivities of 90% (95% CI 77.4% to 96.3%) and 89.7% (95% CI 74.8% to 96.7%) for the pooled detection of CT and NG, respectively, when using the Xpert CT/NG assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA). The Xpert CT/NG assay has not been listed by any regulatory body …
- Published
- 2020
29. Peer-delivered point-of-care testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within an urban community setting: a cross-sectional analysis
- Author
-
Chris Howard, Luke Coffey, David M. Whiley, Steven G Badman, Joseph Debattista, Andrew M. Redmond, Sara F. E. Bell, Judith Dean, Owain David Williams, Jime Lemoire, and Charles F. Gilks
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,Point-of-care testing ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,Pilot Projects ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gonorrhea ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Community Health Centers ,Chlamydia Infections ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Test (assessment) ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Patient Satisfaction ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Family medicine ,Syphilis ,Female ,business ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - Abstract
Abstract Background The advent of fully automated nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) technology brings new public health opportunities to provide Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) point-of-care testing (POCT) in non-traditional settings. Methods: This pilot study evaluated the integration of the CT/NG Xpert diagnostic assay into an urban peer-led community setting providing HIV and syphilis POCT. A comprehensive protocol of testing, result notification, referral and follow up, managed by peer test facilitators, was undertaken. Results: Over 67 weeks, there were 4523 occasions of CT/NG testing using urine, oropharyngeal and anorectal samples with 25.7% (803) of the 3123 unique participants returning for repeat testing. The prevalence of CT and NG was 9.5% and 5.4% respectively. Where CT and or NG infection was detected, 98.4% (604/614) of participants were successfully notified of detected infection and referred for treatment. Evaluation Survey responses (11.4%, 516/4523) indicated a substantial proportion of respondents (27.1%, 140/516) ‘would not have tested anywhere else’. Of note, 17.8% (92/516) of participants reported no previous CT/NG test and an additional 17.8% (92/516) reported testing more than 12 months ago. A total of 95.9% (495/516) of participants ‘Strongly agreed’ or ‘Agreed’ to being satisfied with the service. Conclusion: The project successfully demonstrated an acceptable and feasible model for a peer-delivered community-led service to provide targeted molecular CT/NG POCT. This model offers capacity to move beyond the traditional pathology and STI testing services and establish community-led models that build trust and increase testing rates for key populations of epidemiological significance.
- Published
- 2020
30. ‘The spiral just keeps on going’: Cascading health and social issues for women living and aging with HIV
- Author
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Lisa-Maree Herron, Allyson Mutch, Melania Mugamu, Chris Howard, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
HIV and Women’s Health: Where Are We Now ,stigma ,social context ,lived experience ,HIV ,Original Research Article ,women ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background: There has been limited qualitative inquiry aimed at understanding the gendered and unique experiences of women living with HIV in high-income countries. In Australia, the relatively small number of women living with HIV means they have been largely overlooked in social, clinical, and policy representations of HIV over time. Objectives: To explore the experiences of women living long-term and aging with HIV, to understand the complex intersections between their health and social trajectories. Methods: Data were collected as part of Living Positive in Queensland, a longitudinal qualitative study of the experiences of living long-term and aging of people living with HIV in Queensland, Australia. This study analysed data from three annual, semi-structured interviews with the 11 female participants. Results: Women negotiated gendered roles and identities as they grappled with ongoing and intertwined health and psychosocial challenges over their life course. Development of co-morbidities, experiences of stigma, gendered social roles, financial precarity, and limited social support amplified the challenges of living with HIV and cumulatively impacted women’s health and wellbeing as they aged with HIV. Conclusion: The health and wellbeing of women living with HIV are adversely impacted by intersecting complex health issues, HIV-related stigma, gendered identities, social disadvantage, and aging. Greater attention to the unique needs of women living with HIV is necessary to reduce the prevalence of psychological distress, financial stress, and vulnerability to social isolation which, in turn, lead to poorer health.
- Published
- 2022
31. Factors affecting the decision to initiate antiretroviral therapy in the era of treatment-as-prevention: synthesis of evidence from qualitative research in high-income settings
- Author
-
Chris Howard, Chi-Wai Lui, Allyson Mutch, Lisa Fitzgerald, Olivia Hollingdrake, and Judith Dean
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Anti-HIV Agents ,media_common.quotation_subject ,HIV Infections ,Interpersonal communication ,Early initiation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Everyday life ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Developed Countries ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Public relations ,Treatment as prevention ,medicine.disease ,Deliberation ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
The emergence of treatment-as-prevention has made early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) a "universal" policy. This review synthesizes qualitative research findings on barriers and facilitators of ART initiation in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries published since 2010. Ten articles describing seven research studies were included in the review. Findings confirmed ART initiation as a complicated process involving careful deliberation of the personal risks and benefits of treatment within the broader contexts of everyday life for people living with HIV (PLHIV). They also highlight interpersonal dynamics and concern for the public as increasingly important factors in shaping the decision to initiate treatment. The review provides valuable information for understanding treatment behaviour and maximizing treatment options brought forth by new biomedical advances.
- Published
- 2018
32. Knowledge and awareness of HIV self-testing among Australian gay and bisexual men: a comparison of never, sub-optimal and optimal testers willingness to use
- Author
-
Michael Scott, Chi-Wai Lui, Judith Dean, Anna Crothers, Lisa Fitzgerald, Chris Howard, Allyson Mutch, Owain David Williams, and Jime Lemoire
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Social Psychology ,Home testing ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Hiv testing ,medicine.disease_cause ,Logistic regression ,Men who have sex with men ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality, Male ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,AIDS Serodiagnosis ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Self Care ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Willingness to use ,Bisexuality ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
This paper explores the willingness to use and pay for HIV Self-testing (HIVST) among Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM). Bivariate and univariate multinominal logistic regression of data from an online survey was performed. Thirty-one (13%) had never HIV tested and 41.9% (88) were testing sub-optimally by Australian guidelines. Half (58.4%, 136) had never heard of HIVST, however, 56.2% (131) reported willingness to use HIVST, with sub-optimal (OR=2.13; p
- Published
- 2018
33. Empowering women through the positive birth movement
- Author
-
Abigail Locke, Melissa Thomas, Jenny Hallam, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
Movement (music) ,Event (relativity) ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Community action ,Gender Studies ,Health psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,050903 gender studies ,Childbirth ,Community psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,sense organs ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Foucauldian discourse analysis ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Childbirth has been positioned as a life changing event that has profound long-term psychological effects upon women. This paper adopts a community psychology approach to explore the role that the ...
- Published
- 2018
34. Views and preferences of people living with HIV about smoking, quitting and use of nicotine products
- Author
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Stephanie K. Edwards, Coral Gartner, Judith Dean, Chris Howard, Pauline J. Ford, Peter Watts, Allyson Mutch, and Lisa Fitzgerald
- Subjects
Tobacco harm reduction ,Nicotine ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Policy ,Smoking ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,HIV Infections ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,medicine.disease ,Nicotine replacement therapy ,Focus group ,Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,Smoking Cessation ,Thematic analysis ,education ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aims and background People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a higher rate of smoking and experience a greater burden of tobacco-related disease than the general population. This study aimed to understand the role smoking plays in the lives of PLHIV, participants’ views of traditionally available nicotine products (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy or NRT) and novel nicotine products (e.g., nicotine vaping products or NVPs) as both short-term quit aids and long-term substitutes for cigarettes. Methods Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with PLHIV who smoked. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. A brief questionnaire of nicotine product use and interest was also completed and the quantitative data presented using descriptive statistics. Results Fifty-four participants took part in 11 focus groups. Participants’ views of smoking, quitting and nicotine products were diverse. Commitment to smoking and interest in quitting were categorised into three groups across a smoking-quitting continuum: committed to smoking, ambivalent about smoking and reluctantly smoking. NRT was criticised for a range of side effects and primarily considered as a short-term cessation aid. NVPs generated debate. NVPs that closely resembled cigarettes were viewed as the most acceptable product and were considered to be more suitable than NRT for long-term use. Discussion and conclusions Understanding the unique needs, goals and views of PLHIV related to smoking, quitting smoking and using nicotine products could inform development of novel and tailored smoking interventions for PLHIV. NVPs should be further examined as potential long-term substitutes for PLHIV who are ambivalent about smoking. However, traditional smoking cessation assistance (approved cessation aids and counselling) is likely to be most appropriate for PLHIV who are reluctantly smoking.
- Published
- 2021
35. Fittingness : Essays in the Philosophy of Normativity
- Author
-
Chris Howard, Rach Cosker-Rowland, Chris Howard, and Rach Cosker-Rowland
- Subjects
- Appropriateness (Ethics), Norm (Philosophy)
- Abstract
Fittingness explores the nature, roles, and applications of the notion of fittingness in contemporary normative and metanormative philosophy. The fittingness relation is the relation in which a response stands to a feature of the world when that feature merits, or is worthy of, that response. In the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, this notion of fittingness played a prominent role in the theories of the period's most influential ethical theorists, and in recent years it has regained prominence, promising to enrich the theoretical resources of contemporary theorists working in the philosophy of normativity. This volume is the first central discussion of the notion of fit to date. It is composed of seventeen new essays covering a range of topics including the nature and epistemology of fittingness, the relation between fittingness and reasons, the normativity of fittingness, fittingness and value theory, and the role of fittingness in theorizing about responsibility. In addition to making important contributions to the debates in the philosophy of normativity with which they're concerned, the essays in the volume support the hypothesis that the notion of fittingness has great theoretical utility in investigating a range of normative matters, across a variety of domains.
- Published
- 2022
36. Increasing HIV testing among hard-to-reach groups: examination of RAPID, a community-based testing service in Queensland, Australia
- Author
-
Andrea Whittaker, Judith Dean, Joseph Debattista, Limin Mao, Allyson Mutch, Chi-Wai Lui, Lisa Fitzgerald, Chris Howard, and Jime Lemoire
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,HIV Infections ,Health administration ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Medicine ,Serologic Tests ,Community Health Services ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Peer led ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Nursing research ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Treatment as prevention ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,Service provider ,Test (assessment) ,Rapid testing ,Outreach ,Patient Satisfaction ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Queensland ,STI ,0305 other medical science ,business ,HIV testing models ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The success of ‘treatment as prevention’ (TasP) to control HIV relies on the uptake of testing across priority population groups. Innovative strategies including; rapid HIV testing (RHT) in community and outreach settings, engaging peer service providers, and not requiring disclosure of sexual history have been designed to increase access. This paper reports on the implementation of ‘RAPID’, a community-based testing program in Queensland, Australia that employs these strategies to increase access to testing. Methods Service data, including client registration forms and a satisfaction survey from all clients attending RAPID between August 2014 and July 2015 were analysed. Results In 2014/2015 1,199 people attended RAPID to receive a free HIV test. The majority were urban-based gay men. 17.1% were first-time testers and 20.1% of participants were not eligible to access Medicare, Australia’s universal health care scheme. Conclusions RAPID’s evidence-based strategies appear to facilitate access to HIV testing, particularly among those who have never tested before; however the implications for the ongoing treatment and care of people ineligible for Medicare, who test positive to HIV warrants careful consideration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2249-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
37. Introduction
- Author
-
Chris Howard and Alex Worsnip
- Subjects
Philosophy - Published
- 2020
38. Listen Up! : Recording Music with Bob Dylan, Neil Young, U2, R.E.M., The Tragically Hip, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Tom Waits...
- Author
-
Mark Howard, Chris Howard, Mark Howard, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
- Sound recording executives and producers--Canada--Biography, Sound engineers--Canada--Biography
- Abstract
An album-by-album account of working with iconic artists such as Anthony Kiedis, Michael Stipe, Gord Downie, and Bono, from a leader in the field Mark Howard, a record producer/engineer/mixer and a trailblazer in the industry, will take you through the star-studded world of recording and producing Grammy Award–winning artists. Listen Up! is an essential read for anyone interested in music and its making. Along with the inside stories, each chapter gives recording and producing information and tips with expert understanding of the equipment used in making the world's most unforgettable records and explanations of the methods used to get the very best sound. Listen Up! is both production guide and exclusive backstage pass into the lives of some of the planet's most iconic musicians. Writing with his brother Chris Howard, Mark Howard provides a rare glimpse into the normally invisible, almost secretive side of the music story: that of the producer and recording engineer.
- Published
- 2019
39. Charlottesville : White Supremacy, Populism, and Resistance
- Author
-
Chris Howard-Woods, Colin Laidley, Maryam Omidi, Chris Howard-Woods, Colin Laidley, and Maryam Omidi
- Subjects
- White supremacy movements--United States, African Americans--Civil rights--United States--History, Riots--Virginia--Charlottesville--21st century
- Abstract
When white nationalists and their supporters clashed with counter-demonstrators in the college town of Charlottesville over the removal of a Confederate statue, resulting in the death of one anti-racist activist and the wounding of thirty-five more, a signal moment in American history was reached. Suddenly, U.S. citizens who had previously thought of themselves as moderate began to wonder whether violence in defending their values against fellow citizens was not only an option, but a necessity—whether the way American history has been commonly presented is not only unfair but inaccurate; whether the current President is to blame for the sudden visibility of white supremacist groups; and finally, whether a surge in racism and ultra-nationalism is irrevocably re-shaping the country. Charlottesville: Before & Beyond untangles the meaning of the events that unfolded last August. Part One of the book documents and comments upon the immediate aftermath of the violence. Part Two addresses the context, both before and after, for interpreting the violence: essays reflect on the social and cultural landscape of the nation, the role of the media, and the logic of “punching Nazis in the face.” Including writing by Eric Anthamatten, Nicholas Baer, Wes Bellamy, Keval Bhatt, Vaughn A. Booker, Andrew Boyer, Maria Bucur, Jordan Dunn, Mindy Fullilove, Laura Goldblatt, Jeffrey C. Goldfarb, Maggie Hennefeld, Christopher Howard-Woods, Jeffrey Isaac, Michael Sasha King, Mitchell Kosters, Jared Loggins, Gordon Mantler, Marcus McCullough, Rachel McKinney, Julia Ott, Claire Potter, Isaac Ariail Reed, Neil Roberts, Melvin Rogers, Sanford Schram, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Michael Weinman, Leonard A. Williams, and Deva Woodly.
- Published
- 2019
40. Assessing the invasive risk of two non-native Agrostis species on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island
- Author
-
Luis R. Pertierra, Chris Howard, Greta C. Vega, Jenny Scott, Miguel Á. Olalla-Tárraga, and Matthew Baker
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecological niche ,biology ,Agrostis stolonifera ,Ecology ,Phenology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Agrostis ,Habitat ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Colonization ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Agrostis capillaris - Abstract
Two small swards of two grass species (Agrostis stolonifera and Agrostis capillaris) previously unrecorded on Macquarie Island (54°30′S, 158°56′E) were found during the 2013–2014 austral summer. Their discovery leads to an assessment of their introduction status and invasive risk. Several evaluations were conducted on the plants regarding their extent, taxonomy, reproductive status and invasive potential. It is possible that the two species were accidentally introduced by human activities due to their proximity to human-frequented sites. No further occurrences were found, indicating that although the species were established, they were, respectively, restricted to two small swards of less than 1 m2 each. Observations of floral development in the field at the end of summer suggested that no sexually reproductive material was produced. Indoor cultivation of sampled specimens at the island station showed a faster development with mature flowers at the end of the summer but still no seeds. The bioclimatic niches of the two species were modeled with MaxEnt software. Biomodeling results indicate that reasonably favorable habitat is available on Macquarie Island for the successful colonization of both species. Agrostis stolonifera showed a higher invasion risk than A. capillaris. Our observations indicate that the two species are strong candidates for invading the island despite having phenological constraints. As a result, the two swards were removed by the island’s management authority. Further introductions and establishment of non-native plant species are expected to occur on sub-Antarctic islands under current global change scenarios.
- Published
- 2016
41. Change in the distribution of the indigenous grass Poa litorosa on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island following the eradication of rabbits
- Author
-
Chris Howard, JJ Scott, and Laura Williams
- Subjects
Poa litorosa ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Abundance (ecology) ,Population ,Grazing ,Exclosure ,Introduced species ,Biology ,Transect ,education ,Grazing pressure - Abstract
The recent eradication of rabbits, rats and mice from Macquarie Island has resulted in unprecedented changes to the vegetation. One unforeseen outcome is the expansion in the known distribution of the indigenous grass, Poa litorosa (L.) which was known from only four restricted populations on Macquarie Island prior to 2014. An increase in abundance of P. litorosa was observed in 2014 and so we undertook surveys to document changes in the known distribution of the species and established fixed transects in the new and previously-recorded populations to monitor future changes. Monitoring of an exclosure and control plot over a 24-year period gave insights into past effects of rabbit grazing on the species. Our surveys documented a dramatic increase in the known distribution of the species. Existing populations have expanded and new populations have been recorded. Monitoring of the exclosure and control plot revealed suppression of P. litorosa plants in control plots in comparison to fenced plots during peak rabbit numbers, and so we attribute the population expansion to the recent eradication of rabbits and subsequent release of grazing pressure. This research contributes to the increasing bank of knowledge of changes occurring on Macquarie Island post-eradication and highlights the importance of monitoring to detect unforeseen changes.
- Published
- 2016
42. Addressing smoking among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional survey of Australian HIV health practitioners' practices and attitudes
- Author
-
Gabriela P Mena, Mark A. Boyd, Judith Dean, Coral Gartner, Charles F. Gilks, Chris Howard, Peter Watts, and Stephanie Bell
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Cross-sectional study ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Personnel ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Medical practitioner ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,medicine ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,High rate ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Family medicine ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Healthcare providers - Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) have high rates of tobacco smoking, and smoking is a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. It is important to understand HIV healthcare providers' practices and attitudes towards addressing smoking with their patients. An online survey that measured: (i) use of the 5A framework for addressing smoking (Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange) and (ii) attitudes and barriers to addressing smoking cessation was distributed by relevant professional bodies. Eligible participants were Australian health practitioners providing healthcare to PLHIV. Of the 179 respondents, most reported practising at least one of the 5As: Ask (94%); Assess (78%); Advise (82%); Assist (89%); and Arrange (73%). Practising the full 5A framework (completing at least one activity from each A) was less common (62%) and associated with having undertaken smoking cessation training (OR 2.1, CI 1.1-3.9), being a medical practitioner (OR 6.0, CI 3.1-11.6), having greater perceived knowledge and resources (OR 1.7, CI 1.3-2.4) and more positive attitudes (OR 1.5, CI 1.1-2.0). Common barriers to delivering cessation assistance related to knowledge and availability of resources. Development and greater dissemination of effective smoking cessation training and resources may be required to ensure healthcare practitioners have the capacity to complete all aspects of the 5A framework for smoking cessation and support their patients with HIV who smoke.
- Published
- 2018
43. The prevalence of pancreatic morphological abnormalities detected by digital autopsy
- Author
-
James N S Hampton, Chris Howard, David S Sanders, Jennifer A Campbell, Andrew D Hopper, and Matthias Löhr
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Autopsy ,Computed tomography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Pancreas ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Pancreatic Diseases ,Middle Aged ,United Kingdom ,Digital autopsy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Published
- 2018
44. Editorial: What Is the Role for Effective Pedagogy in Contemporary Higher Education?
- Author
-
Dilly Fung, Rowena Senior, Carl Senior, and Chris Howard
- Subjects
higher education institutions ,Higher education ,business.industry ,Policy making ,student satisfaction ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,market access ,Market access ,MEDLINE ,consumer satisfaction ,050301 education ,02 engineering and technology ,Consumer satisfaction ,lcsh:Psychology ,Editorial ,Pedagogy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Psychology ,policy making ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,0503 education ,General Psychology - Published
- 2018
45. What Is the Role for Effective Pedagogy In Contemporary Higher Education?
- Author
-
Chris Howard, Carl Senior, Rowena Senior, and Dilly Fung
- Subjects
Higher education ,business.industry ,Policy making ,Market access ,Sociology ,Public relations ,business ,Consumer satisfaction - Published
- 2018
46. Using dialectic debates to enhance innovative teaching of Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychology
- Author
-
Lovemore Nyatanga and Chris Howard
- Abstract
An enormous amount of research and debate on innovative teaching and learning strategies has gone on over the last three decades (e.g. The Higher Education Academy (HEA), 2013; Dearnley, McClelland & Irving, 2013; Hannan, English & Silver, 1999, 2000). HEA rightly champions excellence in innovative teaching and learning across the higher education sector. The Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) takes a monitoring role with the aim of ensuring that all higher education (HE) students benefit from a high-quality learning experience that fully meets their needs and the needs of society. The critical issue is not so much about governing bodies and frameworks, rather it is about the individual tutor’s enthusiasm and how such enthusiasm can inspire active learning. It is also worth recognising that some topics, such as Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychology (CHIP) can be potentially boring. Such topics require enthusiastic tutors with innovative approaches to teaching and learning. The CHIP module delivered at the University of Derby uses dialectic debates to enhance students’ learning experience. No assumption is made here that dialectic debates are the only innovative approach as other papers in this volume show. We chose dialectic debate because of its potential for interactivity and critical thinking. The dialectic method (dialectics) has its roots in philosophy (e.g. Hegelian dialectic) where it encouraged critical analysis of propositions, counter-propositions and the synthesis of new insights. For dialectic debates to succeed the teaching and learning strategy has to be very different from traditional didactic approaches. For example, trying to be interactive by simply asking questions may end up with uncomfortable silence as students may not be actively engaging with the course material. To create the atmosphere and aura of the dialectic debate both authors undertake team teaching with the specific aim of giving students thesis and antithesis. Students on the CHIP module are very familiar with two tutors presenting a lecture based on its thesis and antithesis.This approach builds on to include at least one dialectic debate given by the whole module teaching team. This is used as an example which is then followed in subsequent weeks by student’s own dialectic debates. So far this has been the most successful and enjoyable learning experience as stated by students themselves. This paper will briefly look at the monitoring role of HEFCE in relation to innovative teaching and learning. Attention will then turn to the nature and use of dialectic debate as part of the innovative approach to teaching CHIP at the University of Derby. An example of the typical CHIP module as it is run at the University of Derby will be offered including some of the essential guides shared by students and teaching staff.
- Published
- 2015
47. Social change in the Royal Navy 1924-70: The life and times of Admiral Sir Frank Twiss
- Author
-
Bailey, Chris Howard, ed.
- Subjects
BOOK REVIEWS - Published
- 1997
48. Governing the souls of young women: exploring the perspectives of mothers on parenting in the age of sexualisation
- Author
-
Jenny Hallam, Chris Howard, and Katie Brady
- Subjects
Discourse analysis ,05 social sciences ,Natural development ,050109 social psychology ,Gender studies ,Human sexuality ,Developmental psychology ,Gender Studies ,Power (social and political) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,050903 gender studies ,Situated ,One-to-one ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,Foucauldian discourse analysis ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The sexualisation of young women has emerged as a growing concern within contemporary western cultures. This has provoked adult anxieties that young women are growing up too fast by adopting inappropriate sexual practices and subjectivities. Psychological discourses have dominated, which position sexualisation as a corrupting force that infects the ‘true self’ of young women, so they develop in abnormal ways. This in turn allows psychological practices to govern how to parent against sexualisation within families. To explore this further, six mothers each with daughters aged between 8 and 12 took part in one to one semi-structured interviews designed to explore how they conceptualised and parented against the early sexualisation of young women. A Foucauldian inspired discourse analysis was employed, which suggested that the mother's talk was situated within a psychological discourse. This enabled sexualisation to be positioned as a corrupting force that disrupted the natural development of young women thr...
- Published
- 2014
49. Air-Independent Hybrid SOFC-Battery Energy System for Undersea Vehicles
- Author
-
Carl Willman, Mathew DiNitto, Michael Pastula, Keith E. Davis, Benjamin Nuttall, M.D. Lukas, Jacob Nagar, Chris Howard, Stephen Jolly, Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh, and Oliver Grande
- Subjects
Battery energy ,Materials science ,Automotive engineering - Abstract
FuelCell Energy is developing a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)-Battery Energy System for Large Displacement Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (LDUUV) propulsion as part of the Office of Naval Research’s LDUUV Innovative Naval Prototype (INP) Energy Program. The project objective is the development of an air-independent refuelable power system with high energy density suitable for long duration underwater missions. The Hybrid SOFC-Battery system will be capable of generating 1800kWhr of electricity over a 70 day mission with no exhaust discharged outside of the vehicle at any time. The energy system is fueled by JP-10 logistic fuel, utilizes liquid O2 for air-independent operation, and is compact enough to fit within a 42-inch square by 120-inch long LDUUV power section. Phase I of the project includes process design and cost analysis, development of a 3-D CAD model of the energy system, breadboard testing of components and the integrated system, as well as completion of a Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA).
- Published
- 2014
50. Improvisational Drama as a Means to Communication.
- Author
-
Bailey, Chris Howard
- Abstract
The use of improvisational drama to foster classroom communication about works of literature and about controversial topics of concern to students is described in this paper. After discussing the values of improvisational drama in the English classroom, the paper outlines a five-day sequence of exercises and activities involving relaxation, concentration, communication and awareness of others, sensory development, movement, pantomime, dialogue, and finally improvisation. It then suggests specific exercises that might introduce the study of Henrik Ibsen's "An Enemy of the People," noting that similar exercises can be used as approaches to other literary works; points to the value of helping students discuss controversial, nonliterary topics in the English classroom; and suggests a sequence of activities to lead students into improvisation related to such topics. Finally, the paper outlines a 20-day sequence that was followed in a classroom study of alcohol and drug abuse in which students role-played various situations involving drug problems, viewed and reacted to videotapes and films, and wrote and presented a scenario depicting drug abuse and its various ramifications. (GT)
- Published
- 1979
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