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Esta publicación ofrece una visión general introductoria de la función del fuego en los sistemas forestales, los beneficios de la utilización de quemas controladas o prescritas como parte del manejo forestal, la seguridad necesaria y las precauciones reglamentarias que los propietarios y administradores de tierras deben cumplir en el uso de las quemas controladas o prescritas.

This publication gives an introductory overview of the role of fire in forest systems, the benefits of using prescribed fire as a part of forest management, and the necessary safety and regulatory precautions that landowners and land managers need to adhere to in using prescribed fire.

This study establishes the applicability of various machine learning (ML) algorithms for creating in silico models based on data from historical bioprocess development and manufacturing activities. We demonstrate this by developing ML-based models for a particular case of predicting viral clearance performance of anion exchange (AEX) chromatography operated in flow-through (FT) mode, a processing step that is essential for ensuring viral safety of biotherapeutics and that requires significant resources due to a large number of expensive wet lab design and characterization experiments. Using these ML-based models, we then evaluate the impact of various feed-, virus-, and process-related parameters (such as the molecular attributes of the product, the type of chromatography matrix, loading capacity, equilibration/wash buffer pH and conductivity, virus type and load, etc.) on the viral clearance performance and hence generate process understanding essential for developing FT-AEX chromatography processes with robust viral clearance performance. Finally, we show that ML-based optimization methods can be used to determine process operating ranges for improved viral clearance performance. These results are significant as they provide approaches and understanding necessary for faster and cheaper development of robust FT-AEX chromatography-based viral clearance processes and generally provide guidance on the implementation of ML-based prediction and optimization approaches in bioprocessing - crucial to reducing costs and time associated with the design and manufacturing of biotherapeutics and making these treatments widely accessible.

Florida landowners have contributed vastly to the Southeast’s planting of pines over many decades; recent incentive programs across the state have encouraged further interest. Understanding the factors that affect seedling quality and survival of native pine species will assure a more successful and productive forest plantation. This publication reviews each southern pine's important silviculture characteristics, soil-site conditions, and potential markets and products. It outlines planting standards and techniques as they relate to landowners’ objectives and their target markets. It is to be used as a guide to facilitate selection of appropriate pine species and offers guidance on best practices for handling seedlings throughout all stages of tree planting.

This publication was updated to use standardized invasive species terminology recommended by the UF/IFAS Invasive Species Council.

Hurricane season is June 1 through November 30. Powerful storms that venture inland can damage forest and agricultural land and enterprises. There is no way to fully prepare for major devastation in advance, but this publication provides some strategies and steps you can take to get yourself and your land ready so that you can recover as quickly and smoothly as possible after a major storm.

Would a forest landowner be economically better off growing a forest for pulpwood production with a short rotation instead of growing the same forest for sawtimber production with a longer rotation? To help answer this and related questions, this 4-page fact sheet written by Andres Susaeta and Chris Demers and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation presents two approaches to determine the profitability of a forest stand. The net present value (NPV) of a single rotation provides the criterion to choose between different forest project investments of equal lives, whereas the equivalent annuity approach (EAA) is employed when forest project investments have different time lengths. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr421

Traditionally, the land expectation value (LEV) formula, the present value of perpetual cash inflows of timber revenues minus the present value of cash outflows of costs, has been employed as the main indicator of the value of a forest investment. However, when a forest stand is already established, the LEV approach is incomplete because it applies only to bare land. Thus, it is necessary to determine the value of a property with an existing forest stand. This 3-page fact sheet written by Andres Susaeta and Chris Demers and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation provides the formula to determine the value of an already established forest stand at any stage of its development. This approach, known as the forest value formula, includes the value of the timber and the land. It can be used to compare the value of the stand when it is immediately harvested or when it is economically immature. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr423

This 4-page fact sheet written by Andres Susaeta and Chris Demers and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation provides a guide for forest landowners, managers, and stakeholders in conducting a valuation of timber investments. It reviews and provides examples of two different approaches for determining the optimal rotation age of even-aged forest stands. These methods can help forest landowners and managers in making forestry investment decisions. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr424

Interested in conserving natural resources, such as wildlife habitat, on your land? Federal and State Governments have several programs to respond to a broad range of natural resource challenges faced by landowners. These programs help landowners to reduce soil erosion, protect wetlands and wildlife habitat, and promote forest and farmland productivity and protection. These challenges are addressed through land rentals, technical assistance, cost-shares, and incentive payments. This document is SS-FOR-23, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date February 2006. SS-FOR-23/FR156: Improving, Restoring, and Managing Natural Resources on Rural Properties in Florida: Sources of Financial Assistance (ufl.edu)

This 3-page fact sheet written by Byron Love, Michael Andreu, and Chris Demers and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation summarizes a study to determine whether landowners may gain increased economic returns if they mark the first thinning in a southern pine stand. The study found that marking can indeed bring higher revenue at final harvest. The greater number of high-quality and faster-growing trees remaining after a marked thinning is the main reason for immediate and future increases in value. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr410

The Forest Stewardship Program encourages landowners to manage their lands for multiple natural resources, increases public awareness of the importance of Florida’s forestlands, and improves cooperation among natural resource agencies and organizations to meet Florida’s forest resource conservation and management needs. This three page fact sheet written by Mary Duryea, Deborah McGrath, Chris Demers, and Anthony Grossman and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation explains the program and its benefits and describes how to become a forest steward.

Working forests are private forests managed not just for timber production but also for a host of valuable ecosystem services like providing for recreation, maintaining habitat for wildlife, and maintaining a healthy watershed. Timber production is an essential ecosystem good or service that supports a number of important industries and provides jobs in Florida. This 6-page fact sheet summarizes the results of several studies to help forest landowners and other stakeholders understand how multiple-use management affects both timber production and other ecosystem services. Written by Sonia Delphin, Francisco J. Escobedo, Chris Demers, Alison E. Adams, and Damian C. Adams, and published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, February 2017.

Interested in conserving natural resources, such as wildlife habitat, or protecting the agricultural heritage of your land? Both federal and state governments have technical and financial assistance programs to help rural landowners achieve natural resource goals. These challenges are addressed through land rentals, technical assistance, cost-shares, and incentive payments and include both time-limited and permanent land-use options. This revised 8-page fact sheet informs landowners about government programs available to help conserve natural resources. Written by Chris Demers, Martin B. Main, and Mark E. Hostetler, and published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, November 2016. SS-FOR-23/FR156: Improving, Restoring, and Managing Natural Resources on Rural Properties in Florida: Sources of Financial Assistance (ufl.edu)

Of the more than 4,000 known plant species growing in Florida, approximately 30% are not native to Florida or the Southeast, and in the U.S., invasive exotic species cost an estimated $120 billion each year in damages. Early detection and removal of invasive plants is the key to successful management. This revised 13-page publication describes many of the current methods used in north Florida forest operations to manage invasive exotic plants. It also provides references for additional sources of information. Written by Chris Demers, Patrick Minogue, Michael Andreu, Alan Long, and Rick Williams, and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, August 2016. SS- FOR-19/FR133: Controlling Invasive Plants in North Florida Forests (ufl.edu)

Trails represent a landowner’s main routes for recreational activities such as walking, sightseeing, horseback riding, and bicycling. They provide access to, and through, forest land and other natural resources. They play an important role in protecting and preserving soil, water, and wild plants and animals. They can be the source of endless hours of enjoyment and relaxation. This 13-page fact sheet will help you plan your trails wisely and construct them carefully so that you and your guests can enjoy them to the fullest. Written by Alan Long, Anne Todd-Bockarie, Taylor Stein, Keith Bettcher, and Chris Demers, and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, August 2016.

In 1997, the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation (SFRC) published Forest Resource Information on the Internet, which provided detailed information about the Internet: its history, structure, and how to use it. It also provided a sample of forest resource websites. Much has changed since the first publication. This is the third revision of this document, providing updated information on the latest landowner assistance websites available. These state, regional, and national resources can serve as a springboard to a wide variety of natural resource information and programs. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Chris Demers and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, May 2014. FOR 124/FR182: Forest Resource Information on the Internet: Connecting to Today's Online Resources (ufl.edu)

Conservation easements are cost-effective means for government agencies or non-government conservation organizations to protect land. Instead of purchasing land outright, these agreements allow organizations to purchase the development rights of a property. This protects the land and saves money. Landowners who choose this option prevent future residential and commercial development of their land, and reduce the amount of inheritance tax liability. Landowners are encouraged to enter such agreements carefully because they require several rights to be conveyed to the easement grantee and the duration of these agreements is typically perpetual. This revised 5-page fact sheet describes conservation easements, what is involved in establishing one, tax implications, participating government and non-government organizations, and important considerations for landowners. Written by Chris Demers and Douglas R. Carter, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2014.

Lands enrolled in voluntary forest management and conservation programs, like the Forest Stewardship Program, promote good land management practices. In addition to benefiting the landowners enrolled in these programs, good land management provides ecosystem services to society. The Stewardship Ecosystem Services Survey calculated the physical and economic benefits of water resource protection, carbon sequestration and storage, timber production, and wildlife conservation. This 2-page fact sheet was written by Rose Godfrey, Chris Demers, Francisco Escobedo, Damian Adams, and Michael Andreu, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr381

Thinning is an important silvicultural practice that redistributes the growth potential of the site to the best trees. Diameter growth rates are maintained or increased on residual trees after thinning, which increases the return on investment from higher-value trees. Biologically, thinning accelerates stand development by favoring the tallest, best-formed trees over those that are diseased, overtopped, crooked, forked, or otherwise undesirable and likely to die on their own if left in the stand long enough. In addition, thinning provides periodic income, improves access for equipment, recreation and hunting, and creates a generally healthier stand. Thinning is also beneficial for wildlife, especially when combined with prescribed fire or herbicide use to control competing vegetation. By allowing more light to reach the forest floor, thinning promotes growth of plants important as food and/or cover for wildlife species. Landowners are encouraged to consult with or hire a professional forester to assist with thinning and other forest management activities. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Chris Demers, Michael Andreu, Babe McGowan, Alan Long, and Jarek Nowak, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, July 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr159

Invasive non-native organisms are one of the greatest threats to the natural ecosystems of the United States. Invasive plants reduce biodiversity, encroach on endangered and threatened species, and rob native species of habitat. This revised 8-page fact sheet describes many of the current methods used to manage some of the more common and troublesome invasive exotic plants in north Florida forests. Written by Chris Demers, Alan Long, and Rick Williams, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, January 2012. SS- FOR-19/FR133: Controlling Invasive Plants in North Florida Forests (ufl.edu)

A GIS can be used in land management to document existing conditions, plan future operations, and archive completed work. Farming applications include soil productivity for different crops, crop yield prediction, and determining fertilizer and pesticide application rates. Forestry applications include estimating forest stand acreage, determining forest stand characteristics, and determining where to harvest. This 4-page fact sheet was written by John Lagrosa, Chris Demers, and Michael Andreu, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2012.

Provide abundant and varied food sources for wildlife on your forested land, with this revised 5-page fact sheet written by Chris Demers, Alan Long, Chris Latt, and Emma Willcox, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, May 2011. Reviewed 2014. SS-FOR-12/FR062: Establishing and Maintaining Wildlife Food Sources (ufl.edu)

Many landowners have a strong connection to their land and want to ensure its protection for many generations. Conservation easements can prevent future residential and commercial development of one’s land and reduce inheritance tax liability for one’s heirs. This revised 5-page fact sheet will describe conservation easements, what is involved in establishing one, some of the tax implications of such agreements, the government and non-government organizations that commonly participate in conservation easements, and important considerations for landowners before entering into such an agreement. Written by Chris Demers and Douglas R. Carter and published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2011. SS-FOR-21/FR149: Conservation Easements: An Option for Preserving Current Land Uses (ufl.edu)

Revised! SS-FOR-13, a 8-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, Alan Long, and Patrick Minogue, provides landowners with long-term, multiple-use resource management objectives with strategies for artificial and natural regeneration of this insect-, disease-, and fire-resistant species. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, November 2010. SS-FOR-13/FR064: Longleaf Pine Regeneration (ufl.edu)

FOR235, a 6-page fact sheet by Nicole Ricci, Chris Demers. and Alan Long, discusses various opportunities available to landowners needing resources for successful long-term land management. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2010.

Revised! SS-FOR-17, a 7-page fact sheet by Chris Demers and Alan Long, provides forest landowners some important guidelines to follow when planning and conducting a timber sale. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, February 2010. SS-FOR-17/FR130: Steps to Marketing Timber (ufl.edu)

Revised! SS-FOR-23, a 10-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, Martin B. Main, and Mark E. Hostetler, inform landowners about government programs available to help conserve natural resources. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, September 2009. SS-FOR-23/FR156: Improving, Restoring, and Managing Natural Resources on Rural Properties in Florida: Sources of Financial Assistance (ufl.edu)

FOR-223, a 2-page fact sheet by Benjamin Koubek and Chris Demers, describes the FloridaInvasives.org website and how it can help landowners and land managers locate valuable technical and financial assistance programs to prevent or control invasive exotic species problems. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, June 2009. FOR 223/FR285: Got Invasives? Get Help! (ufl.edu)

FOR-212, a 4-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, outlines 8 steps for forestland owners to set up a smooth transition between themselves and the future owners of their property. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2009. FOR 212/FR274: Ownership Succession: Plan Now for the Future of Your Land (ufl.edu)

Revised! SS-FOR-19, an 8-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, Alan Long, and Rick Williams, describes many of the current methods being used to manage some of the more common and troublesome invasive exotic plants in north Florida forests. Includes tables of herbicide recommendations and references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, June 2008. SS- FOR-19/FR133: Controlling Invasive Plants in North Florida Forests (ufl.edu)

FOR-124, a 4-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, replaces a 1997 document with updated information on Internet technology and the latest forest resource Web sites available. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, August 2007. FOR 124/FR182: Forest Resource Information on the Internet: Connecting to Today's Online Resources (ufl.edu)

Revised! SS-FOR-24, a 6-page fact sheet by Chris Demers, Alan Long, and Jarek Nowak, reviews the underlying concepts of stand density, crown position, and forest health before describing specific methods of thinning, as well as when and how to thin. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, December 2006. SS FOR24/FR159: Thinning Southern Pines—A Key to Greater Returns (ufl.edu)

This document summarizes sources of information from federal, state, and non-governmental organizations that provide technical assistance to rural landowners interested in managing or restoring habitat for wildlife (Table 1). Additional information regarding conservation and management of wildlife habitat in Florida is available on the University of Florida/IFAS Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). This document is CIR1472, one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2005. CIR1472/UW218: Improving, Restoring, and Managing Wildlife Habitat in Florida: Sources of Technical Assistance for Rural Landowners (ufl.edu)

Every year, southern timberland is damaged by hurricanes, ice storms, or tornados somewhere in the region. In response, a variety of information sources have been developed to address the many issues associated with such damage. This fact sheet summarizes information and guidelines from these sources, with a focus on Florida. It provides guidance to forestland owners for assessing severe storm damage, handling salvage operations and timber sales, minimizing potential impacts of other disasters after the storm, dealing with financial issues such as income tax casualty losses, and altering management plans. The references listed at the end may provide landowners with additional information relevant to their particular situation (see Figure 1). This document SS-FOR 22, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published in January 2005. SS-FOR 22/FR154: Assessment and Management of Hurricane Damaged Timberland (ufl.edu)

The purpose of this document is to summarize sources of information from federal, state, and non-governmental organizations that provide technical assistance to urban landowners interested in conserving natural resources (Table 1). This document is WEC-193, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date November 2004. WEC 193/UW212: Improving, Restoring, and Managing Natural Resources in Florida: Sources of Technical Assistance for Urban Homeowners (ufl.edu)

This publication describes conservation easements, what is involved in establishing one, some of the tax implications of such agreements, the government and non-government organizations that commonly participate in conservation easements, and important considerations for landowners before entering into such an agreement. This document is SS-FOR-21, one of a Forest Stewardship Program series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: January 2004. SS-FOR-21/FR149: Conservation Easements: An Option for Preserving Current Land Uses (ufl.edu)

This document is SS-FOR-20, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: July 2002. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr134

This document is SS-FOR-19, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published in June 2002. SS- FOR-19/FR133: Controlling Invasive Plants in North Florida Forests (ufl.edu)