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3. A global review of the state of the evidence of household air pollutions contribution to ambient fine particulate matter and their related health impacts.

Author

Oberholzer, Alicia, Jetter, James, Mitchell, John, Cappuccilli, Eva, Aamaas, Borgar, Aunan, Kristin, Pozzer, Andrea, Alexander, Donee, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, and Pillarisetti, Ajay

Subjects
Particulate Matter, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Mortality, Premature, Dust, Coal
Abstract

Direct exposure to household fine particulate air pollution (HAP) associated with inefficient combustion of fuels (wood, charcoal, coal, crop residues, kerosene, etc.) for cooking, space-heating, and lighting is estimated to result in 2.3 (1.6-3.1) million premature yearly deaths globally. HAP emitted indoors escapes outdoors and is a leading source of outdoor ambient fine particulate air pollution (AAP) in low- and middle-income countries, often being a larger contributor than well-recognized sources including road transport, industry, coal-fired power plants, brick kilns, and construction dust. We review published scientific studies that model the contribution of HAP to AAP at global and major sub-regional scales. We describe strengths and limitations of the current state of knowledge on HAPs contribution to AAP and the related impact on public health and provide recommendations to improve these estimates. We find that HAP is a dominant source of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) globally - regardless of variations in model types, configurations, and emission inventories used - that contributes approximately 20 % of total global PM2.5 exposure. There are large regional variations: in South Asia, HAP contributes ∼ 30 % of ambient PM2.5, while in high-income North America the fraction is ∼ 7 %. The median estimate indicates that the household contribution to ambient air pollution results in a substantial premature mortality burden globally of about 0.77(0.54-1) million excess deaths, in addition to the 2.3 (1.6-3.1) million deaths from direct HAP exposure. Coordinated global action is required to avert this burden.

Published
2023

4. African biomass burning affects aerosol cycling over the Amazon

Author

Holanda, Bruna A, Franco, Marco A, Walter, David, Artaxo, Paulo, Carbone, Samara, Cheng, Yafang, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Ditas, Florian, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Klimach, Thomas, Kremper, Leslie A, Krüger, Ovid O, Lavric, Jost V, Lelieveld, Jos, Ma, Chaoqun, Machado, Luiz AT, Modini, Robin L, Morais, Fernando G, Pozzer, Andrea, Saturno, Jorge, Su, Hang, Wendisch, Manfred, Wolff, Stefan, Pöhlker, Mira L, Andreae, Meinrat O, Pöschl, Ulrich, and Pöhlker, Christopher

Subjects
Climate Action, Life on Land
Abstract

AbstractSmoke from vegetation fires affects air quality, atmospheric cycling, and the climate in the Amazon rain forest. A major unknown has remained the quantity of long-range transported smoke from Africa in relation to local and regional fire emissions. Here we quantify the abundance, seasonality, and properties of African smoke in central Amazonia. We show that it accounts for ~ 60% of the black carbon concentrations during the wet season and ~ 30% during the dry season. The African smoke influences aerosol-radiation interactions across the entire Amazon, with the strongest impact on the vulnerable eastern basin, a hot spot of climate and land use change. Our findings further suggest that the direct influence of African smoke has been historically relevant for soil fertilization, the carbon and water cycles, and, thus, the development of the Amazon forest ecosystem, even in the pre-industrial era.

Published
2023

13. The association of early-life exposure to ambient PM2.5 and later-childhood height-for-age in India: an observational study.

Author

Spears, Dean, Dey, Sagnik, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Scovronick, Noah, Vyas, Sangita, and Apte, Joshua

Subjects
Humans, Air Pollutants, Body Height, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Child, Preschool, India, Female, Male, Particulate Matter, Ambient air pollution, Child height, PM2.5, Child, Preschool, Public Health and Health Services, Toxicology
Abstract

BackgroundChildren in India are exposed to high levels of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, population-level evidence of associations with adverse health outcomes from within the country is limited. The aim of our study is to estimate the association of early-life exposure to ambient PM2.5 with child health outcomes (height-for-age) in India.MethodsWe linked nationally-representative anthropometric data from India's 2015-2016 Demographic and Health Survey (n = 218,152 children under five across 640 districts of India) with satellite-based PM2.5 exposure (concentration) data. We then applied fixed effects regression to assess the association between early-life ambient PM2.5 and subsequent height-for-age, analyzing whether deviations in air pollution from the seasonal average for a particular place are associated with deviations in child height from the average for that season in that place, controlling for trends over time, temperature, and birth, mother, and household characteristics. We also explored the timing of exposure and potential non-linearities in the concentration-response relationship.ResultsChildren in the sample were exposed to an average of 55 μ g/m3 of PM2.5 in their birth month. After controlling for potential confounders, a 100 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in the month of birth was associated with a 0.05 [0.01-0.09] standard deviation reduction in child height. For an average 5 year old girl, this represents a height deficit of 0.24 [0.05-0.43] cm. We also found that exposure to PM2.5 in the last trimester in utero and in the first few months of life are significantly (p

Published
2019

14. Severe atmospheric pollution in the Middle East is attributable to anthropogenic sources

Author

Osipov, Sergey, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Crowley, John N., Tadic, Ivan, Drewnick, Frank, Borrmann, Stephan, Eger, Philipp, Fachinger, Friederike, Fischer, Horst, Predybaylo, Evgeniya, Fnais, Mohammed, Harder, Hartwig, Pikridas, Michael, Vouterakos, Panos, Pozzer, Andrea, Sciare, Jean, Ukhov, Alexander, Stenchikov, Georgiy L., Williams, Jonathan, and Lelieveld, Jos

Published
2022
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18. Contributors

Author

Agrawal, Madhoolika, primary, Agrawal, S.B., additional, Arif, Mohammad, additional, Bhuyan, Pradip Kumar, additional, Cady-Pereira, Karen E., additional, Chatterjee, Abhijit, additional, Chauhan, Akshansha, additional, Cheng, Xin, additional, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, additional, Dammers, Enrico, additional, Das, Reshmi, additional, Dey, Sagnik, additional, Elumalai, Suresh Pandian, additional, Farahat, Ashraf, additional, Girach, Imran, additional, Gromov, Sergey, additional, Hariram, Manisha, additional, Huang, Yi, additional, Jing, Feng, additional, Jose, Sandhya, additional, Kharol, Shailesh K., additional, Khayyam, Umer, additional, Kulshrestha, Umesh, additional, Kumar, Anil, additional, Kumar, Ashwini, additional, Kumar, Manish, additional, Kumar, Rajesh, additional, Kumar, Ramesh, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, Liou, Yuei-An, additional, Lodhi, Neelesh K., additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Mishra, Amit Kumar, additional, Mishra, Manisha, additional, Mishra, Srishti, additional, Mukherjee, Arideep, additional, Munir, Ramsha, additional, Ojha, Narendra, additional, Pandey, Satyendra K., additional, Pathak, Binita, additional, Ram, Kirpa, additional, Sachdeva, Kamna, additional, Sahu, L.K., additional, Sahu, Ravi, additional, Sharma, Anu Rani, additional, Sharma, Rohit, additional, Shephard, Mark W., additional, Shukla, Garima, additional, Singh, Arvind, additional, Singh, Narendra, additional, Singh, Ramesh P., additional, Singh, Sachchidanand, additional, Sinha, P.R., additional, Soni, Meghna, additional, Srivastava, Atul Kumar, additional, Vinoj, V., additional, Xu, Xiangde, additional, Xu, Xiaobin, additional, Zhao, Hongmei, additional, Zhou, Xiuji, additional, and Zusman, Eric, additional

Published
2022
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19. Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Pandey, Anamika, Brauer, Michael, Cropper, Maureen L, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Mathur, Prashant, Dey, Sagnik, Turkgulu, Burak, Kumar, G Anil, Khare, Mukesh, Beig, Gufran, Gupta, Tarun, Krishnankutty, Rinu P, Causey, Kate, Cohen, Aaron J, Bhargava, Stuti, Aggarwal, Ashutosh N, Agrawal, Anurag, Awasthi, Shally, Bennitt, Fiona, Bhagwat, Sadhana, Bhanumati, P, Burkart, Katrin, Chakma, Joy K, Chiles, Thomas C, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Christopher, D J, Dey, Subhojit, Fisher, Samantha, Fraumeni, Barbara, Fuller, Richard, Ghoshal, Aloke G, Golechha, Mahaveer J, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rachita, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Shreekant, Guttikunda, Sarath, Hanrahan, David, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Joshi, Tushar K, Kant, Rajni, Kant, Surya, Kaur, Tanvir, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Rakesh, Larson, Samantha L, Lodha, Rakesh, Madhipatla, Kishore K, Mahesh, P A, Malhotra, Ridhima, Managi, Shunsuke, Martin, Keith, Mathai, Matthews, Mathew, Joseph L, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mohan, B V Murali, Mohan, Viswananthan, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mutreja, Parul, Naik, Nitish, Nair, Sanjeev, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Pant, Pallavi, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prabhakaran, Poornima, Rath, Goura K, Ravi, Shamika, Roy, Ambuj, Sabde, Yogesh D, Salvi, Sundeep, Sambandam, Sankar, Sharma, Bhavay, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Shweta, Sharma, R S, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Sujeet, Singh, Virendra, Smith, Rodney, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Taghian, Gabrielle, Tandon, Nikhil, Thakur, J S, Thomas, Nihal J, Toteja, G S, Varghese, Chris M, Venkataraman, Chandra, Venugopal, Krishnan N, Walker, Katherine D, Watson, Alexandrea Y, Wozniak, Sarah, Xavier, Denis, Yadama, Gautam N, Yadav, Geetika, Shukla, D K, Bekedam, Hendrik J, Reddy, K Srinath, Guleria, Randeep, Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S, Dandona, Rakhi, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Pushpam, Landrigan, Philip J, and Dandona, Lalit

Published
2021
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24. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Dey, Sagnik, Gupta, Tarun, Dhaliwal, R S, Brauer, Michael, Cohen, Aaron J, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Beig, Gufran, Joshi, Tushar K, Aggarwal, Ashutosh N, Sabde, Yogesh, Sadhu, Harsiddha, Frostad, Joseph, Causey, Kate, Godwin, William, Shukla, D K, Kumar, G Anil, Varghese, Chris M, Muraleedharan, Pallavi, Agrawal, Anurag, Anjana, R M, Bhansali, Anil, Bhardwaj, Deeksha, Burkart, Katrin, Cercy, Kelly, Chakma, Joy K, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Christopher, D J, Dutta, Eliza, Furtado, Melissa, Ghosh, Santu, Ghoshal, Aloke G, Glenn, Scott D, Guleria, Randeep, Gupta, Rajeev, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Kant, Rajni, Kant, Surya, Kaur, Tanvir, Koul, Parvaiz A, Krish, Varsha, Krishna, Bhargav, Larson, Samantha L, Madhipatla, Kishore, Mahesh, P A, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mutreja, Parul, Naik, Nitish, Nair, Sanjeev, Nguyen, Grant, Odell, Christopher M, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prabhakaran, Poornima, Roy, Ambuj, Salvi, Sundeep, Sambandam, Sankar, Saraf, Deepika, Sharma, Meenakshi, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Virendra, Tandon, Nikhil, Thomas, Nihal J, Torre, Anna, Xavier, Denis, Yadav, Geetika, Singh, Sujeet, Shekhar, Chander, Vos, Theo, Dandona, Rakhi, Reddy, K Srinath, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, Venkatesh, S, and Dandona, Lalit

Published
2019
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25. Spatial and sector-specific emissions contribution to ambient air pollution and mortality in European cities

Author

Khomenko, Sasha, primary, Pisoni, Enrico, additional, Thunis, Philippe, additional, Bessagnet, Bertrand, additional, Cirach, Marta, additional, Iungman, Tamara, additional, Barboza, Evelise Pereira, additional, Khreis, Haneen, additional, Mueller, Natalie, additional, Tonne, Cathryn, additional, Hoogh, Kees De, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, additional

Published
2023
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33. Numerical simulation and evaluation of global ultrafine particle concentrations at the Earth's surface.

Author

Kohl, Matthias, Lelieveld, Jos, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Sharma, Disha, Cheng, Yafang, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Sebastian, Mathew, Pandithurai, Govindan, Wang, Hongli, and Pozzer, Andrea

Subjects
SURFACE of the earth, PARTICLE size distribution, STANDARD deviations, COMPUTER simulation, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
Abstract

A new global dataset of annually averaged ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations at the Earth's surface for the years 2015–2017 has been developed through numerical simulations using the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). We present total and size-resolved concentrations along with their interannual variability. Size distributions of emitted particles from the contributing source sectors have been derived based on literature reports. The model results of UFP concentrations are evaluated using particle size distribution and particle number concentration measurements from available datasets and the literature. While we obtain reasonable agreement between the model results and observations (logarithmic-scale correlation of r=0.76 for non-remote, polluted regions), the highest values of observed, street-level UFP concentrations are systematically underestimated, whereas in rural environments close to urban areas the model generally overestimates observed UFP concentrations. As the relatively coarse global model does not resolve concentration gradients in urban centres and industrial UFP hotspots, high-resolution data of anthropogenic emissions are used to account for such differences in each model grid box, obtaining UFP concentrations with unprecedented 0.1∘×0.1∘ horizontal resolution at the Earth's surface. This observation-guided downscaling further improves the agreement with observations, leading to an increase in the logarithmic-scale correlation between observed and simulated UFP concentrations to r=0.84 in polluted environments (and 0.95 in all regions), a decrease in the root mean squared logarithmic error (from 0.57 to 0.43), and removal of discrepancies associated with air quality and population density gradients within the model grid boxes. The model results are made publicly available for studies on public health and other impacts of atmospheric UFPs, as well as for intercomparison with other regional and global models and datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe

Author

Krüger, Ovid O., primary, Holanda, Bruna A., additional, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, additional, Pozzer, Andrea, additional, Walter, David, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Andrés Hernández, Maria Dolores, additional, Burrows, John P., additional, Voigt, Christiane, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, Quaas, Johannes, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, and Pöhlker, Mira L., additional

Published
2022
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43. Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe

Author

Krüger, Ovid Oktavian, primary, Holanda, Bruna A., additional, Chowdhury, Sourangsu, additional, Pozzer, Andrea, additional, Walter, David, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Andrés Hernández, Maria Dolores, additional, Burrows, John Phillip, additional, Voigt, Christiane, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, Quaas, Johannes, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, and Pöhlker, Mira L., additional

Published
2022
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49. Global and national assessment of the incidence of asthma in children and adolescents from major sources of ambient NO2

Author

Chowdhury, Sourangsu, Haines, Andy, Klingmüller, Klaus, Kumar, Vinod, Pozzer, Andrea, Venkataraman, Chandra, Witt, Christian, and Lelieveld, Jos

Abstract

Pediatric asthma incidence has been associated with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air. NO2 is predominantly emitted through fossil fuel use in land transportation, power generation and the burning of solid biofuels in households. We simulated NO2 with a global atmospheric chemistry model, combined with a land use regression model, to estimate NO2 exposure in all countries worldwide. The global asthma incidence among children and adolescents attributable to NO2 was estimated by deriving an exposure-response function from a meta-analysis which included epidemiological studies from multiple countries, baseline incidence rates from the Global Burden of Disease and gridded population data. The sectoral contribution to pediatric asthma from NO2 exposure (NO2-related asthma incidence: NINC) was estimated for different source categories to provide guidance to mitigation policies. We estimate 3.52 (2.1�6.0) million NINC per year globally, being about 14% of the total asthma incidence cases among children and adolescents. We find that emissions from land transportation are the leading contributor to NINC globally (?44%), followed by the domestic burning of solid fuels (?10.3%) and power generation from fossil fuels (?8.7%). Biogenic emissions which are not anthropogenically induced may contribute ?14% to the total NINC. Our results show large regional differences in source contributions, as the domestic burning of solid fuels is a main contributor to NINC in India and Nepal (?25%), while emissions from shipping are the leading source in Scandinavian countries (?40%), for example. While only 5% of all children and adolescents live in areas where NO2 exceeds the WHO annual guideline of 21.25 ppb (40 ?g m?3) for NO2, about 90% of the NINC is found in regions that meet the WHO guideline, related to the uneven distribution of children and adolescents in the population. This suggests the need for stricter policies to reduce NO2 exposure, and revisiting the current WHO guideline to reduce the health risks of children and adolescents.

Published
2021

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