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2. Evaluating a rapid molecular assay in a mobile laboratory for improved diagnosis of dengue in Bangladesh

Author

Hossain, Faria, Ghosh, Prakash, Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, Basher, Ariful, Ahsan, Hafez Mohammad Nazmul, Khan, Abed Hussain, Shumu, Samshad Jahan, Jahan, Tanzina, Roy, Chandan Kumar, Arefin, A.K.M. Nahid, Khanam, Fahmida, Rahat, Md. Abu, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Uddin, Md. Rasel, Shomik, Mohammad Sohel, Maruf, Shomik, Rashid, Md. Utba, Sagar, Soumik Kha, Mithila, Nishad Tasnim, Chowdhury, Md. Arko Ayon, Kamal, Mostafa, Sharfaraz, Ashik, Ghosh, Debashis, Chowdhury, Anup, Chowdhury, Arif Hasan, Hossain, Zazeba, Arefeen, Fahad, Islam, Md. Sohidul, Rahman, S.M. Mahbubur, Al-Amin, T.M., Rashid, Abdur, Shukla, Kuntala Kumkum, Roy, Shapla, Rana, Md. Sohel, Hossain, Md. Sarwar, Siegel, Martin, Wahed, Ahmed Abd El, and Mondal, Dinesh

Published
2025
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6. Gauging the skin resident Leishmania parasites through a loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Maruf, Shomik, Picado, Albert, Hossain, Faria, Owen, Sophie I., Nath, Rupen, Baker, James, Hasnain, Md Golam, Shomik, Mohammad Sohel, Ghosh, Debashis, Rashid, Masud, Rashid, Md. Utba, Sagar, Soumik Kha, Rahat, Md. Abu, Basher, Ariful, Nath, Proggananda, Edwards, Thomas, Andrews, Jason R., Duthie, Malcolm S., de Souza, Dziedzom K., Adams, Emily R., Ndungu, Joseph, Cruz, Israel, and Mondal, Dinesh

Published
2022
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7. Successful treatment of recurrent visceral leishmaniasis relapse in an immunocompetent adult female with functional hypopituitarism in Bangladesh

Author

Hannan, Tabiha Binte, primary, Hossain, Zazeba, additional, Roy, Utshab, additional, Rahman, S. M. Mahbubur, additional, Rahman, Md Sadiqur, additional, Sabah, Sadia, additional, Rahat, Md. Abu, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Saha, Shampa, additional, Haq, Tahniyah, additional, Alam, Md Rafiqul, additional, and Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, additional

Published
2024
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11. Evaluation of a Point-of-Need Molecular Diagnostic Tool Coupled with Rapid DNA Extraction Methods for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, primary, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Rahat, Md. Abu, additional, Chowdhury, Md. Arko Ayon, additional, Mithila, Nishad Tasnim, additional, Kamal, Mostafa, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Kobialka, Rea Maja, additional, Ceruti, Arianna, additional, Cameron, Mary, additional, Duthie, Malcolm S., additional, Wahed, Ahmed Abd El, additional, and Mondal, Dinesh, additional

Published
2023
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12. Dried Blood Spots (DBS): A suitable alternative to using whole blood samples for diagnostic testing of visceral leishmaniasis in the post-elimination era

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, primary, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Rahat, Md. Abu, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Arpha, Nur E, additional, Kristan, Mojca, additional, Higgins, Matthew, additional, El Wahed, Ahmed Abd, additional, Goto, Yasuyuki, additional, Islam, M. M. Towhidul, additional, Campino, Susana, additional, Cameron, Mary, additional, Duthie, Malcom S., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, and Mondal, Dinesh, additional

Published
2023
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15. Assessment of pan-Leishmania detection by recombinase polymerase amplification assay

Author

Louizi, Chiheb, primary, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Nisansala, Thilini, additional, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, additional, Moreno, Javier, additional, Alvar, Jorge, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Buhl, Timo, additional, Lüder, Carsten G.K., additional, and Abd El Wahed, Ahmed, additional

Published
2023
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17. Development of Quantitative Rapid Isothermal Amplification Assay for Leishmania donovani

Author

Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Faisal, Khaledul, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Ghosh, Prakash, Hossain, Faria, Weidmann, Manfred, Mondal, Dinesh, and El Wahed, Ahmed Abd

Subjects
point-of-need testing, Medicine (General), R5-920, isothermal amplification, quantitative molecular assay, recombinase polymerase amplification, leishmaniasis, ddc:610, Article
Abstract

Quantification of pathogen load, although challenging, is of paramount importance for accurate diagnosis and clinical management of a range of infectious diseases in a point-of-need testing (PONT) scenario such as in resource-limited settings. We formulated a quantification approach to test the standard-curve based absolute quantification ability of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay. As a test of principle, a 10-fold dilution series of Leishmania donovani (LD) genomic DNA prepared in nuclease-free-water (NFW), and from culture-spiked-blood (CSB) were tested, and a 15 min assay was performed. A modified algorithm was formulated to derive the detection outcome. The threshold-record times (Tr) in seconds thus obtained were plotted against the initial load of parasite genomes for log-linear regression analysis. The quantitative RPA (Q-RPA) assay was further evaluated against a LD quantitative (q)-PCR assay with DNA extracted from visceral and post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis case specimens and stratified into different ranges of threshold cycle (Ct). The best-fitted regression models were found linear with mean r2/root mean square error (RMSE) values of residual points (in seconds) estimated as 0.996/8.063 and 0.992/7.46 for replicated series of NFW and CSB, respectively. In both series, the lower limit of detection reached less than 0.1 parasite genome equivalent DNA. Absolute agreement between Q-RPA and LD-qPCR was found for test positivity, and strong positive correlations were observed between the Tr and Ct values (r = 0.89, p &lt, 0.0001) as well as between the absolute parasite loads (r = 0.87, 0.0001) quantified by respective assays. The findings in this very first Q-RPA assay for leishmaniasis are suggestive of its potential in monitoring LD load in clinical specimens, and the development of rapid Q-RPA assays for other infectious diseases.

Published
2021
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18. Evaluation of Loopamp™ Leishmania Detection Kit and Leishmania Antigen ELISA for Post-Elimination Detection and Management of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh

Author

Hossain, Faria, Picado, Albert, Owen, Sophie I., Ghosh, Prakash, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Maruf, Shomik, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, Rashid, Md. Utba, Nath, Rupen, Baker, James, Ghosh, Debashis, Adams, Emily R., Duthie, Malcolm S., Hossain, Md. Sakhawat, Basher, Ariful, Nath, Proggananda, Aktar, Fatima, Cruz, Israel, Mondal, Dinesh, Hossain, Faria, Picado, Albert, Owen, Sophie I., Ghosh, Prakash, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Maruf, Shomik, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, Rashid, Md. Utba, Nath, Rupen, Baker, James, Ghosh, Debashis, Adams, Emily R., Duthie, Malcolm S., Hossain, Md. Sakhawat, Basher, Ariful, Nath, Proggananda, Aktar, Fatima, Cruz, Israel, and Mondal, Dinesh

Abstract

With reduced prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC), direct and field deployable diagnostic tests are needed to implement an effective diagnostic and surveillance algorithm for post-elimination VL control. In this regard, here we investigated the diagnostic efficacies of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (Loopamp™ Leishmania Detection Kit, Eiken Chemical CO., Ltd, Japan), a real-time quantitative PCR assay (qPCR) and the Leishmania antigen ELISA (CLIN-TECH, UK) with different sampling techniques and evaluated their prospect to incorporate into post-elimination VL control strategies. Eighty clinically and rK39 rapid diagnostic test confirmed VL cases and 80 endemic healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood and dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from all the participants at the time of diagnosis. DNA was extracted from whole blood (WB) and DBS via silica columns (QIAGEN) and boil & spin (B&S) methods and tested with qPCR and Loopamp. Urine was collected from all participants at the time of diagnosis and was directly subjected to the Leishmania antigen ELISA. 41 patients were followed up and urine samples were collected at day 30 and day 180 after treatment and ELISA was performed. The sensitivities of the Loopamp-WB(B&S) and Loopamp-WB(QIA) were 96.2% (95% CI 89·43-99·22) and 95% (95% CI 87·69-98·62) respectively. The sensitivity of Loopamp- DBS(QIA) was 85% (95% CI 75·26- 92·00). The sensitivities of the qPCR-WB(QIA) and qPCR-DBS(QIA) were 93.8% (95% CI 86·01-97·94) and 72.5% (95% CI 61·38-81·90) respectively. The specificity of all molecular assays was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Leishmania antigen ELISA were 97.5% (95% CI 91·47-99·70) and 91.95% (95% CI 84·12-96·70) respectively. The Leishmania antigen ELISA depicted clinical cure at day 180 in all the followed-up cases. Efficacy and sustainability identify the Loopamp-WB(B&S) and the Leishmania antigen ELISA as promisi

Published
2021

19. A Multi-Country, Single-Blinded, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate a Point-of-Need System for Rapid Detection of Leishmaniasis and Its Implementation in Endemic Settings

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, Sharma, Abhijit, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Abhishek, Kumar, Nisansala, Thilini, Kumar, Amresh, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Faisal, Khaledul, Hossain, Faria, Uddin, Md. Rasel, Rashid, Md. Utba, Maruf, Shomik, Rai, Keshav, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, Karki, Prahlad, Kumar, Shiril, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, Khanal, Basudha, Routray, Satyabrata, Das, Pradeep, Mondal, Dinesh, Wahed, Ahmed Abd El, Ghosh, Prakash, Sharma, Abhijit, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Abhishek, Kumar, Nisansala, Thilini, Kumar, Amresh, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Faisal, Khaledul, Hossain, Faria, Uddin, Md. Rasel, Rashid, Md. Utba, Maruf, Shomik, Rai, Keshav, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, Karki, Prahlad, Kumar, Shiril, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, Khanal, Basudha, Routray, Satyabrata, Das, Pradeep, Mondal, Dinesh, and Wahed, Ahmed Abd El

Abstract

With the advancement of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, detection of the pathogenic DNA in clinical samples at point-of-need is no longer a dream. The newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay incorporated in a suitcase laboratory has shown promising diagnostic efficacy over real-time PCR in detection of leishmania DNA from clinical samples. For broader application of this point-of-need system, we undertook a current multi-country diagnostic evaluation study towards establishing this technique in different endemic settings which would be beneficial for the ongoing elimination programs for leishmaniasis. For this study purpose, clinical samples from confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients were subjected to both real-time PCR and RPA assay in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Further skin samples from confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients were also included from Sri Lanka. A total of 450 clinical samples from VL patients, 429 from PKDL patients, 47 from CL patients, and 322 from endemic healthy/healthy controls were under investigation to determine the diagnostic efficacy of RPA assay in comparison to real-time PCR. A comparative sensitivity of both methods was found where real-time PCR and RPA assay showed 96.86% (95% CI: 94.45–98.42) and 88.85% (95% CI: 85.08–91.96) sensitivity respectively in the diagnosis of VL cases. This new isothermal method also exhibited promising diagnostic sensitivity (93.50%) for PKDL cases, when a skin sample was used. Due to variation in the sequence of target amplicons, RPA assay showed comparatively lower sensitivity (55.32%) than that of real-time PCR in Sri Lanka for the diagnosis of CL cases. Except for India, the assay presented absolute specificity in the rest of the sites. Excellent concordance between the two molecular methods towards detection of leishmania DNA in clinical samples substantiates the application of RPA assay incor

Published
2021

20. Evaluation of Loopamp™ Leishmania Detection Kit and Leishmania Antigen ELISA for Post-Elimination Detection and Management of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh

Author

Hossain, Faria, primary, Picado, Albert, additional, Owen, Sophie I., additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, additional, Rashid, Md. Utba, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Baker, James, additional, Ghosh, Debashis, additional, Adams, Emily R., additional, Duthie, Malcolm S., additional, Hossain, Md. Sakhawat, additional, Basher, Ariful, additional, Nath, Proggananda, additional, Aktar, Fatima, additional, Cruz, Israel, additional, and Mondal, Dinesh, additional

Published
2021
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21. A Multi-Country, Single-Blinded, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate a Point-of-Need System for Rapid Detection of Leishmaniasis and Its Implementation in Endemic Settings

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, primary, Sharma, Abhijit, additional, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, additional, Abhishek, Kumar, additional, Nisansala, Thilini, additional, Kumar, Amresh, additional, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Uddin, Md. Rasel, additional, Rashid, Md. Utba, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Rai, Keshav, additional, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, additional, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, additional, Karki, Prahlad, additional, Kumar, Shiril, additional, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Routray, Satyabrata, additional, Das, Pradeep, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, and Abd El Wahed, Ahmed, additional

Published
2021
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22. Development of a portable reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification system to detect the E1 region of Chikungunya virus in a cost‐effective manner

Author

Saechue, Benjawan, primary, Kamiyama, Naganori, additional, Wang, Yinan, additional, Fukuda, Chiaki, additional, Watanabe, Kei, additional, Soga, Yasuhiro, additional, Goto, Mizuki, additional, Dewayani, Astri, additional, Ariki, Shimpei, additional, Hirose, Haruna, additional, Ozaka, Sotaro, additional, Sachi, Nozomi, additional, Hidano, Shinya, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Anik Ashfaq Khan, Md., additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Murakami, Kazunari, additional, and Kobayashi, Takashi, additional

Published
2020
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25. Evaluation of Novel Diagnostic Tools for Direct Detection of Leishmania donovani Markers in Clinical Samples to Sustain Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination in Bangladesh

Author

Hossain, Faria, primary, Picado, Albert, additional, Owen, Sophie, additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Baker, James, additional, Rashid, Md. Utba, additional, Ghosh, Debashis, additional, Nath, Proggananda, additional, Basher, Ariful, additional, Aktar, Fatima, additional, Hossain, Md. Sakhawat, additional, Duthie, Malcolm S., additional, Adams, Emily R., additional, Cruz, Isra, additional, and Mondal, Dinesh, additional

Published
2020
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26. Quantifying the infectiousness of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis towards sandflies

Author

Mondal, Dinesh, Bern, Caryn, Ghosh, Debashis, Rashid, Masud, Molina, Ricardo, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Nath, Rupen, Ghosh, Prakash, Chapman, Lloyd, Alim, Abdul, Bilbe, Graeme, and Alvar, Jorge

Subjects
parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background\ud In the Indian subcontinent, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) incidence is on track to reach elimination goals by 2020 in nearly all endemic districts. Although not included in official targets, previous data suggest post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients can act as an infection reservoir.\ud \ud Methods\ud We conducted xenodiagnosis on 47 PKDL patients and 15 VL patients using laboratory-reared Phlebotomus argentipes. In direct xenodiagnosis, flies were allowed to feed on the patient’s skin for 15 minutes. For indirect xenodiagnosis, flies were fed through a membrane on the patient’s blood. Five days later, blood-fed flies were dissected and examined by microscopy and/or PCR. A 3-mm skin snip biopsy (PKDL) or venous blood VL) was processed by quantitative PCR.\ud \ud Results\ud Twenty-seven PKDL patients (57.4%) had positive results by direct and/or indirect xenodiagnosis. Direct was significantly more sensitive than indirect xenodiagnosis (55.3% vs 6.4%, p 1 log10 unit higher than those with negative results (2.88 vs 1.66, p

Published
2018

27. Evaluation of Real-time PCR for Diagnosis of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Bangladesh

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, Hasnain, Md Golam, Hossain, Faria, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Faisal, Khaledul, Mural, Moshtaq Ahmed, Baker, James, Nath, Rupen, Ghosh, Debashis, Maruf, Shomik, Shomik, Mohammad Sohel, Haque, Rashidul, Matlashewski, Greg, Hamano, Shinjiro, Duthie, Malcolm S, and Mondal, Dinesh

Subjects
diagnosis, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), parasitic diseases, Major Article, microscopy, real-time PCR
Abstract

Background Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a sequel to visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is found in VL-endemic countries including Bangladesh. Because of these enigmatic cases, the success of the National Kala-azar Elimination Program is under threat. To date, diagnostic methods for PKDL cases in endemic regions have been limited to clinical examination and rK39 test or microscopy, and a suitable and accurate alternative method is needed. In this study, we investigated the application of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a potential method for diagnosis of PKDL in comparison with microscopy. Methods Ninety-one suspected macular PKDL cases from Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, were enrolled in the study after diagnosis by clinical examination and an rK39 strip test. All of them responded after completion of the treatment with miltefosine. During enrollment, a skin biopsy was done for each patient, and both microscopy and real-time PCR were performed for detection and quantification of Leishmania donovan body (LDB) and LD DNA, respectively. Results Real-time PCR detected 83 cases among all suspected PKDL patients, with an encouraging sensitivity of 91.2% (83.4%–96.1%), whereas microscopy showed 50.6% (39.9%–61.2%) sensitivity. Among all suspected PKDL cases, 42 cases were positive in both microscopy and qPCR, whereas 41 cases were detected as positive through qPCR only. Conclusions This study provides evidence that real-time PCR is a promising tool for diagnosis of PKDL in endemic regions. In addition to diagnosis, the quantitative ability of this method could be further exploited for after-treatment prognosis and cure assessment of PKDL cases.

Published
2018

29. Evaluation of rapid extraction methods coupled with Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for point-of-need diagnosis of Post-kala-azar-dermal leishmaniasis

Author

Chowdhury, Rajashree, primary, ghosh, prakash, additional, Khan, Md. Anik Ashfaq, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Baker, James, additional, Wahed, Ahmed Abd El, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Nath, Proggananda, additional, Ghosh, Debashis, additional, Rashid, Md. Masud-Ur, additional, Duthie, Malcolm S, additional, and Mondal, Dinesh, additional

Published
2019
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30. Relationship of Serum Antileishmanial Antibody With Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse

Author

Mondal, Dinesh, primary, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Halleux, Christine, additional, Ruiz-Postigo, Jose A., additional, Alim, Abdul, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Duthie, Malcolm S., additional, Kroeger, Axel, additional, Matlashewski, Greg, additional, Argaw, Daniel, additional, and Olliaro, Piero, additional

Published
2019
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32. Deciphering the Role of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Patients in the Transmission of Leishmania Donovani: Implications for the Kala-Azar Elimination Program

Author

Mondal, Dinesh, primary, Bern, Caryn, additional, Ghosh, Debashis, additional, Masud-Ur-Rashid, Md, additional, Molina, Ricardo, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Nath, Rupen, additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Chapman, Lloyd, additional, Alim, Abdul, additional, Bilbe, Graeme, additional, and Alvar, Jorge, additional

Published
2018
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34. Quantifying the Infectiousness of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Toward Sand Flies.

Author

Mondal, Dinesh, Bern, Caryn, Ghosh, Debashis, Rashid, Masud, Molina, Ricardo, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Nath, Rupen, Ghosh, Prakash, Chapman, Lloyd A C, Alim, Abdul, Bilbe, Graeme, and Alvar, Jorge

Subjects
LEISHMANIASIS treatment, LEISHMANIASIS diagnosis, BIOPSY, CLINICAL pathology, INSECTS, LEISHMANIASIS, MICROBIOLOGICAL techniques, MICROSCOPY, MULTIVARIATE analysis, PARASITES, POLYMERASE chain reaction, STATISTICAL significance, DISEASE eradication
Abstract

Background On the Indian subcontinent, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) incidence is on track to reach elimination goals by 2020 in nearly all endemic districts. Although not included in official targets, previous data suggest post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients can act as an infection reservoir. Methods We conducted xenodiagnosis on 47 PKDL patients and 15 VL patients using laboratory-reared Phlebotomus argentipes. In direct xenodiagnosis, flies were allowed to feed on the patient's skin for 15 minutes. For indirect xenodiagnosis, flies were fed through a membrane on the patient's blood. Five days later, blood-fed flies were dissected and examined by microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A 3-mm skin snip biopsy (PKDL) or venous blood (VL) was processed by quantitative PCR. Results Twenty-seven PKDL patients (57.4%) had positive results by direct and/or indirect xenodiagnosis. Direct was significantly more sensitive than indirect xenodiagnosis (55.3% vs 6.4%, P <.0001). Those with positive xenodiagnosis had median skin parasite loads >1 log10 unit higher than those with negative results (2.88 vs 1.66, P <.0001). In a multivariable model, parasite load, nodular lesions, and positive skin microscopy were significantly associated with positive xenodiagnosis. Blood parasite load was the strongest predictor for VL. Compared to VL, nodular PKDL was more likely and macular PKDL less likely to result in positive xenodiagnosis, but neither difference reached statistical significance. Conclusions Nodular and macular PKDL, and VL, can be infectious to sand flies. Active PKDL case detection and prompt treatment should be instituted and maintained as an integral part of VL control and elimination programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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35. Evaluating a rapid molecular assay in a mobile laboratory for improved diagnosis of dengue in Bangladesh.

Author

Hossain F, Ghosh P, Chowdhury FR, Basher A, Ahsan HMN, Khan AH, Shumu SJ, Jahan T, Roy CK, Arefin AKMN, Khanam F, Rahat MA, Chowdhury R, Uddin MR, Shomik MS, Maruf S, Rashid MU, Sagar SK, Mithila NT, Chowdhury MAA, Kamal M, Sharfaraz A, Ghosh D, Chowdhury A, Chowdhury AH, Hossain Z, Arefeen F, Islam MS, Rahman SMM, Al-Amin TM, Rashid A, Shukla KK, Roy S, Rana MS, Hossain MS, Siegel M, Wahed AAE, and Mondal D

Abstract

Objectives: Dengue emerged as a significant health threat in endemic regions in recent years. However, inconsistent diagnostic accuracy in sequential dengue infections necessitate improved testing methods to ensure effective management of dengue cases. Here, we evaluated a portable, rapid, and sensitive molecular assay-reverse transcriptase recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-RAA)-utilizing a mobile suitcase laboratory to detect infections in suspected dengue cases in Bangladesh., Methods: A total of 364 suspected patients with dengue were enrolled in the study. Dengue cases were confirmed by a positive result from any of the four tests: non-structural protein 1 (NS1) rapid diagnostic test (RDT), immunoglobulin (Ig) M RDT, quantitative reverse transcriptive-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and RT-RAA assay. IgG RDT was performed to differentiate between primary and secondary dengue infections., Results: Of 364 suspected cases, 320 were confirmed dengue cases, with 55.94% classified as primary and 44.06% as secondary infections. Laboratory results showed comparable positivity rates between RT-RAA (78.8%) and NS1 RDT (77.1%) in primary dengue, followed by quantitative RT-PCR (57.5%) and IgM RDT (12.8%). RT-RAA demonstrated superior positivity rates in secondary dengue (76.6%), surpassing RT-PCR (60.3%), NS1 RDT (27%), and IgM RDT (24.8%). Combining RT-RAA with NS1 RDT detected infections in 89.95% primary and 81.56% secondary dengue., Conclusions: The findings suggest that complementing RT-RAA with NS1 RDT could significantly improve dengue detection rate, particularly, for secondary infections., Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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