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3,185 results on '"Chow, W."'

2. Quantum fluctuations and lineshape anomaly in a high-$\beta$ silver-coated InP-based metallic nanolaser

Author

Koulas-Simos, A., Buchgeister, J., Drechsler, M., Zhang, T., Laiho, K., Sinatkas, G., Xu, J., Lohof, F., Kan, Q., Zhang, R. K., Jahnke, F., Gies, C., Chow, W. W., Ning, C. Z., and Reitzenstein, S.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Metallic nanocavity lasers provide important technological advancement towards even smaller integrable light sources. They give access to widely unexplored lasing physics in which the distinction between different operational regimes, like those of thermal or a coherent light emission, becomes increasingly challenging upon approaching a device with a near-perfect spontaneous-emission coupling factor $\beta$. In fact, quantum-optical studies have to be employed to reveal a transition to coherent emission in the intensity fluctuation behavior of nanolasers when the input-output characteristic appears thresholdless for $\beta = 1$ nanolasers. Here, we identify a new indicator for lasing operation in high-$\beta$ lasers by showing that stimulated emission can give rise to a lineshape anomaly manifesting as a transition from a Lorentzian to a Gaussian component in the emission linewidth that dominates the spectrum above the lasing threshold.

Published
2022
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4. Effects of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites

Author

Zhu, P., Chow, W. S., Rusli, A., Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Chow, Wen Shyang, editor, Jaafar, Mariatti, editor, Mohamad Ariff, Zulkifli, editor, Shuib, Raa Khimi, editor, and Ahmad Zubir, Syazana, editor

Published
2023
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5. Polyacrylamide/Polyethylenimine/Cellulose/Nanohydroxyapatite Nanocomposite for Pb2+ Ion Adsorption

Author

Ng, C. L., Chow, W. S., Mohd Din, A. T., Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Chow, Wen Shyang, editor, Jaafar, Mariatti, editor, Mohamad Ariff, Zulkifli, editor, Shuib, Raa Khimi, editor, and Ahmad Zubir, Syazana, editor

Published
2023
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17. Emission from quantum-dot high- microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling

Author

Kreinberg, S., Chow, W. W., Wolters, J., Schneider, C., Gies, C., Jahnke, F., Höfling, S., Kamp, M., and Reitzenstein, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Measured and calculated results are presented on the emission properties of a new class of emitters operating in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime. The structures are based on high-finesse GaAs/AlAs micropillar cavities, each with an active medium consisting of a layer of InGaAs quantum dots and distinguishing feature of having substantial fraction of spontaneous emission channeled into one cavity mode (high-beta factor). This paper shows that the usual criterion for lasing with a conventional (low-beta factor) cavity, a sharp nonlinearity in an input-output curve accompanied by noticeable linewidth narrowing, has to be reinforced by the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function for confirming lasing. It will also show that the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function is useful for recognizing superradiance, a manifestation of the correlations possible in high- microcavities operating with quantum dots. In terms of consolidating the collected data and identifying the physics underlying laser action, both theory and experiment suggest a sole dependence on intracavity photon number. Evidence for this comes from all our measured and calculated data on emission coherence and fluctuation, for devices ranging from LEDs and cavity-enhanced LEDs to lasers, lying on the same two curves: one for linewidth narrowing versus intracavity photon number and the other for g(2)(0) versus intracavity photon number.

Published
2016
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21. Treatment Patterns and Predictors of Adherence in HIV Patients Receiving Single- or Multiple-Tablet Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Author

Chow W, Donga P, Côté-Sergent A, Rossi C, Lefebvre P, Lafeuille MH, Hardy H, and Emond B

Subjects
hiv, protease inhibitors, treatment adherence and compliance, patient compliance, administrative claims, healthcare, electronic health records, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Wing Chow,1 Prina Donga,1 Aurélie Côté-Sergent,2 Carmine Rossi,2 Patrick Lefebvre,2 Marie-Hélène Lafeuille,2 Hélène Hardy,2 Bruno Emond3 1Real World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA; 2Analysis Group, Inc., Montréal, QC, Canada; 3Early Compound Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USACorrespondence: Bruno Emond Tel +1 514-394-4455Email Bruno.Emond@analysisgroup.comPurpose: Darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide can be used as a single-tablet regimen (STR, DRV/c/FTC/TAF) or multiple-tablet regimen (MTR, DRV/c+FTC/TAF) to treat patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study described treatment patterns and predictors of adherence among patients with HIV initiated on DRV/c/FTC/TAF or DRV/c+FTC/TAF.Patients and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using linked claims and electronic medical records from Decision Resources Group’s Real World Data Repository (7/17/2017– 6/1/2019). Treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1 prescribed DRV/c/FTC/TAF or DRV/c+FTC/TAF (index date) were included. Six-month persistence (no treatment gaps > 60 and > 90 days) and adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) to the index regimen were evaluated among patients with ≥ 6 months of observation post-index. Predictors of low adherence (PDC< 80%) were evaluated using a logistic regression model.Results: Among 2633 eligible patients (49.5 years old, 29% female, 37% African American/Black), 12% were treatment-naïve pre-index and 88% switched from a previous antiretroviral therapy; 84% initiated DRV/c/FTC/TAF and 16% initiated DRV/c+FTC/TAF. Among 822 DRV/c/FTC/TAF patients with ≥ 6 months of observation post-index, 80% and 86% had no > 60- and > 90-day gaps in DRV/c/FTC/TAF coverage, respectively, while among 204 DRV/c+FTC/TAF patients with ≥ 6 months of observation post-index, 69% and 75% had no > 60- and > 90-day gaps in DRV/c+FTC/TAF coverage, respectively. Mean (median) PDC for the index regimen was 81% (93%) for patients treated with DRV/c/FTC/TAF and 73% (83%) for patients treated with DRV/c+FTC/TAF. Predictors of low adherence included younger age (odds ratio [OR]=2.36, p=0.017), higher Quan-Charlson comorbidity index (OR=1.32, p=0.012), use of MTR regimen at index (OR=1.69, p=0.022), and prior low adherence (OR=2.56, p< 0.001).Conclusion: Among patients initiating a DRV/c-based regimen, those initiating STR had higher 6-month adherence/persistence than those initiating MTR, highlighting the potential benefits of the STR formulation, particularly among younger patients with multiple comorbidities and prior low adherence.Keywords: HIV, protease inhibitors, treatment adherence and compliance, patient compliance, administrative claims, healthcare, electronic health records

Published
2020

25. A phase 3 study of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics profile of subcutaneous vs intravenous nivolumab + relatlimab fixed-dose combination in previously untreated metastatic or unresectable melanoma (RELATIVITY-127)

Author

Long, G.V., primary, Gutzmer, R., additional, Haydon, A., additional, Muñoz Couselo, E., additional, Lebbé, C., additional, Carlino, M., additional, Chow, W., additional, Couture, F., additional, Lau, P., additional, Spagnolo, F., additional, Alves Wainstein, A.J., additional, Palmieri, D., additional, Rojas García, C., additional, de Velasco Oria de Rueda, G., additional, Mehmi, I., additional, Patel, D., additional, Shaikh, A., additional, Chowdhury, N.R., additional, Bathena, S., additional, Suryawanshi, S., additional, and Rutkowski, P., additional

Published
2024
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27. Electric field gradient induced effects in GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped structures and high frequency sensing

Author

Seliuta, D., Juozapavicius, A., Gruzinskis, V., Balakauskas, S., Asmontas, S., Valusis, G., Chow, W. -H., Steenson, P., Harrison, P., Lisauskas, A., Roskos, H. G., and Koehler, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Electric field gradient effects induced by an asymmetrically in-plane shaped GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped structures of various design are investigated within 4-300 K temperature range. It is demonstrated that current-voltage characteristics of such structures at low, 4-80 K, temperatures exhibit well-pronounced asymmetry arising due to a presence of two different gradients of the electric field in a two dimensional electron gas. This phenomenon is caused by both, different accumulation of two-dimensional electrons due to asymmetrical shape of the structure and nonlocality in the electron drift velocity. Experiments are illustrated by a phenomenological model and Monte Carlo simulation. Possible applications of the effect to detect electromagnetic radiation of GHz and THz frequencies are discussed as well., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures; version 2 -- greek letters in figures corrected

Published
2007

28. Excitation Induced Dephasing in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Author

Schneider, H. C., Chow, W. W., and Koch, S. W.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A quantum kinetic theory is used to compute excitation induced dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots due to the Coulomb interaction with a continuum of states, such as a quantum well or a wetting layer. It is shown that a frequency dependent broadening together with nonlinear resonance shifts are needed for a microscopic explanation of the excitation induced dephasing in such a system, and that excitation induced dephasing for a quantum-dot excitonic resonance is different from quantum-well and bulk excitons., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Extensively revised text, two figures changed

Published
2003
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32. Genomic copy number alterations in clear cell renal carcinoma: associations with case characteristics and mechanisms of VHL gene inactivation.

Author

Moore, LE, Jaeger, E, Nickerson, ML, Brennan, P, De Vries, S, Roy, R, Toro, J, Li, H, Karami, S, Lenz, P, Zaridze, D, Janout, V, Bencko, V, Navratilova, M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N, Mates, D, Linehan, WM, Merino, M, Simko, J, Pfeiffer, R, Boffetta, P, Hewitt, S, Rothman, N, Chow, W-H, and Waldman, FM

Subjects
renal cancer, epidemiology, VHL, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Genetics, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Array comparative genomic hybridization was used to identify copy number alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patient tumors to identify associations with patient/clinical characteristics. Of 763 ccRCC patients, 412 (54%) provided frozen biopsies. Clones were analyzed for significant copy number differences, adjusting for multiple comparisons and covariates in multivariate analyses. Frequent alterations included losses on: 3p (92.2%), 14q (46.8%), 8p (38.1%), 4q (35.4%), 9p (32.3%), 9q (31.8%), 6q (30.8%), 3q (29.4%), 10q (25.7%), 13q (24.5%), 1p (23.5%) and gains on 5q (60.2%), 7q (39.6%), 7p (30.6%), 5p (26.5%), 20q (25.5%), 12q (24.8%), 12p (22.8%). Stage and grade were associated with 1p, 9p, 9q, 13q and 14q loss and 12q gain. Males had more alterations compared with females, independent of stage and grade. Significant differences in the number/types of alterations were observed by family cancer history, age at diagnosis and smoking status. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation was associated with 3p loss (P

Published
2012

33. Occupation and renal cell cancer in Central and Eastern Europe

Author

Heck, JE, Charbotel, B, Moore, LE, Karami, S, Zaridze, DG, Matveev, V, Janout, V, Kollárová, H, Foretova, L, Bencko, V, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N, Lissowska, J, Mates, D, Ferro, G, Chow, W-H, Rothman, N, Stewart, P, Brennan, P, and Boffetta, P

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Cancer, Kidney Disease, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Agriculture, Architecture, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Case-Control Studies, Czech Republic, Engineering, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Occupations, Poland, Risk Factors, Romania, Russia, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Other Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Environmental & Occupational Health, Human resources and industrial relations, Epidemiology, Public health
Abstract

ObjectiveCentral and Eastern Europe has among the highest rates of renal cell cancer worldwide. Few studies have been conducted in these areas to investigate the possible role of occupational exposures in renal cell cancer aetiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of renal cell cancer with employment in specific occupations and industries.MethodsFrom 1999 to 2003, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in seven areas of the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Russia. A detailed occupational history was collected from renal cell cancer cases and controls, together with information on potential confounders. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI of cancer risk were calculated for having ever been employed in selected jobs and industries, with follow-up analyses examining duration of employment.ResultsA total of 992 histologically confirmed incident renal cell cancer cases and 1459 controls were included in the analysis. An increased risk of renal cell cancer was observed for workers in agricultural labour and animal husbandry (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93), particularly among women employed as general farm workers (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.05 to 7.13). Risk gradients for agricultural work increased with longer employment. An overall increased risk of renal cell cancer was seen among architects and engineers (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.65), and mechanical engineers (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.84).ConclusionsOur data suggest an association between renal cell cancer and agricultural work, particularly among female workers.

Published
2010

36. Factionalism & democratisation in Taiwan

Author

Chow, W. C. E.

Subjects
320
Abstract

Taiwan is rapidly democratising. Previous research suggests that the factional/clientelist system plays a major role in Taiwanese politics. This system has been changing in response to the political shift. Most scholars perceive factions as obstacles facing democracy. However, Taiwan continues to democratise, both with its previous and new factionalism. This research, adopting the transitional approach, aims to examine the characteristics of the interaction between factionalism and democratisation in Taiwan, and endeavours to provide a theoretical explanation for it. Its analysis relies on documentary sources, literature and interviews. The result shows that Taiwanese factionalism served as a kind of decision-making mechanism, a source for crisis management and a base for political negotiation at the beginning stages of democratisation. Through negotiations, the formal (institutional) and informal (factional) resources complemented each other, and compromise was reached more easily. This situation was especially to the incumbent's advantage. It utilised the pressure from the opposition to initiate political reforms while creating new networks to adjust itself to the changing social structure. Meanwhile, opposition factionalism also enlarged its supporting base. As the Taiwanese political system becomes more institutionalised, its political factionalism is also institutionalising. Through frequent negotiations (co-operation) between political groups, the opposition has started to augment political resources and empower itself, and political parties have gradually been converging on ideological stands. This has posed a threat to the incumbent. Many incumbent supporters have shifted their loyalty when dissatisfied since they have had similar alternatives. The opposition finally became the incumbent without social commotion in 2000. Factionalism thus brought about a rather smooth democratic transition in Taiwan. The Taiwan case moreover shows that democratisation tends to minimise the negative effects of factionalism. Nevertheless, as democracy becomes more consolidated, co-operations between political groups on larger reforms will decrease. Factionalism is expected to change again in nature.

Published
2001

37. The role of thermal radiation on the initiation of flashover in a compartment fire

Author

Yuen, W W and Chow, W K

Subjects
radiation, fire, flashover
Abstract

Importance of thermal radiation for transition to flashover in a compartment fire will be demonstrated. A one zone model is developed with the objective of capturing the key mechanisms responsible for the initiation of flashover, i.e. physics of flashover. Thermal radiation is shown to be a key point and the inclusion of a three-dimensional radiation model is essential in the development of an accurate understanding of flashover. The heat transfer from the bounding wall of the compartment, the particulate concentration in the hot layer and the ventilation opening are shown to be key parameters which can lead to thermal instability and the resulting initiation of flashover. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

41. A-308 - A phase 3 study of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics profile of subcutaneous vs intravenous nivolumab + relatlimab fixed-dose combination in previously untreated metastatic or unresectable melanoma (RELATIVITY-127)

Author

Long, G.V., Gutzmer, R., Haydon, A., Muñoz Couselo, E., Lebbé, C., Carlino, M., Chow, W., Couture, F., Lau, P., Spagnolo, F., Alves Wainstein, A.J., Palmieri, D., Rojas García, C., de Velasco Oria de Rueda, G., Mehmi, I., Patel, D., Shaikh, A., Chowdhury, N.R., Bathena, S., Suryawanshi, S., and Rutkowski, P.

Published
2024
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43. Forests are chill: The interplay between thermal comfort and mental wellbeing

Author

Gillerot, L., Rozario, Kevin, De Frenne, P., Oh, Rui Ying Rachel, Ponette, Q., Bonn, Aletta, Chow, W., Godbold, D., Steinparzer, M., Haluza, D., Landuyt, D., Muys, B., Verheyen, K., Gillerot, L., Rozario, Kevin, De Frenne, P., Oh, Rui Ying Rachel, Ponette, Q., Bonn, Aletta, Chow, W., Godbold, D., Steinparzer, M., Haluza, D., Landuyt, D., Muys, B., and Verheyen, K.

Abstract

As global warming and urbanisation intensify unabated, a growing share of the human population is exposed to dangerous heat levels. Trees and forests can effectively mitigate such heat alongside numerous health co-benefits like improved mental wellbeing. Yet, which forest types are objectively and subjectively coolest to humans, and how thermal and mental wellbeing interact, remain understudied. We surveyed 223 participants in peri-urban forests with varying biodiversity levels in Austria, Belgium and Germany. Using microclimate sensors, questionnaires and saliva cortisol measures, we monitored intra-individual changes in thermal and mental states from non-forest baseline to forest conditions. Forests reduced daytime modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (mPET; an indicator for perceived temperature) by an average of 9.2 °C. High diversity forests were the coolest, likely due to their higher stand density. Forests also lowered thermal sensation votes, with only 1 % of participants feeling ‘warm’ or ‘hot’ compared to 34 % under baseline conditions. Despite the desire for a temperature increase among 47 % participants under cool forest conditions, approximately two-thirds still reported feeling very comfortable, in contrast to only one-third under baseline conditions. Even at a constant perceived temperature, participants were 2.7 times more likely to feel warmer under baseline conditions compared to forests. A forest-induced psychological effect may underlie these discrepancies, as supported by significant improvements in positive and negative affect (emotional state), state anxiety and perceived stress observed in forests. Additionally, thermal and mental wellbeing were significantly correlated, indicating that forest environments might foster a synergy in wellbeing benefits.

Published
2023

44. Dataset S1 used for the paper 'Forests are chill: The interplay between thermal comfort and mental wellbeing'

Author

Gillerot, L., Rozario, Kevin, De Frenne, P., Oh, Rui Ying Rachel, Ponette, Q., Bonn, Aletta, Chow, W., Godbold, D., Steinparzer, M., Haluza, D., Landuyt, D., Muys, B., Verheyen, K., Gillerot, L., Rozario, Kevin, De Frenne, P., Oh, Rui Ying Rachel, Ponette, Q., Bonn, Aletta, Chow, W., Godbold, D., Steinparzer, M., Haluza, D., Landuyt, D., Muys, B., and Verheyen, K.

Abstract

As global warming and urbanisation intensify unabated, a growing share of the human population is exposed to dangerous heat levels. Trees and forests can effectively mitigate such heat alongside numerous health co-benefits like improved mental wellbeing. Yet, which forest types are objectively and subjectively coolest to humans, and how thermal and mental wellbeing interact, remain understudied. We surveyed 223 participants in peri-urban forests with varying biodiversity levels in Austria, Belgium and Germany. Using microclimate sensors, questionnaires and saliva cortisol measures, we monitored intra-individual changes in thermal and mental states from non-forest baseline to forest conditions. Forests reduced daytime modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (mPET; an indicator for perceived temperature) by an average of 9.2 °C. High diversity forests were the coolest, likely due to their higher stand density. Forests also lowered thermal sensation votes, with only 1 % of participants feeling ‘warm’ or ‘hot’ compared to 34 % under baseline conditions. Despite the desire for a temperature increase among 47 % participants under cool forest conditions, approximately two-thirds still reported feeling very comfortable, in contrast to only one-third under baseline conditions. Even at a constant perceived temperature, participants were 2.7 times more likely to feel warmer under baseline conditions compared to forests. A forest-induced psychological effect may underlie these discrepancies, as supported by significant improvements in positive and negative affect (emotional state), state anxiety and perceived stress observed in forests. Additionally, thermal and mental wellbeing were significantly correlated, indicating that forest environments might foster a synergy in wellbeing benefits.

Published
2023

46. A chromosome-level reference genome and pangenome for barn swallow population genomics

Author

Secomandi, S., Gallo, G.R., Sozzoni, M., Iannucci, A., Galati, E., Abueg, L., Balacco, J., Caprioli, M., Chow, W., Ciofi, C., Collins, J., Fedrigo, O., Ferretti, L., Fungtammasan, A., Haase, B., Howe, K., Kwak, W., Lombardo, G., Masterson, P., Messina, G., Møller, A.P., Mountcastle, J., Mousseau, T.A., Ferrer Obiol, J., Olivieri, A., Rhie, A., Rubolini, D., Saclier, M., Stanyon, R., Stucki, D., Thibaud-Nissen, F., Torrance, J., Torroni, A., Weber, K., Ambrosini, R., Bonisoli-Alquati, A., Jarvis, E.D., Gianfranceschi, L., and Formenti, G.

Subjects
Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia, population genomics, CP: Molecular biology, barn swallow, comparative genomics, genetic marker catalog, genome assembly, linkage disequilibrium, pangenome graph, pangenomics, reference genome, synanthropy, Settore BIO/11 - Biologia Molecolare, Settore BIO/18 - Genetica
Published
2023

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