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Objective/Background: To devise an Occupational Lifestyle Redesign Programme (OLSR), in addition to the existing conventional therapy programme, in a local rehabilitation hospital in order to help stroke outpatients improve their self-efficacy and commitment in self-management after a stroke attack using goal-oriented, challenging, and well-being building activities. The long-term effect on the poststroke quality of life (QOL) and community integration has to be explored. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed to compare two groups of matched samples of participants (25 each) who have or have not joined the OLSR programme. A telephonic interview was performed to gather the participants' responses. Self-reported outcome measures, including sickness impact [Stroke Adapted Sickness Impact Profile-30 (SA-SIP30)], motivation for general activity [General Activity Motivation Measure (GAMM)], community integration (Community Integration Questionnaire), and subjective well-being [World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5)] scores were assessed. Results: Subjective well-being measures had significantly higher scores in the OLSR group (F = 5.52; p = .023). The OLSR group also reported a significantly better score in social integration (F = 4.302; p = .043). The SA-SIP30 mean score of the OLSR group [mean = 6.64; standard deviation (SD) = 4.35] was much lower, however, with significant difference in Mobility (F = 4.47; p = .04) and Household Management (F = 6; p = .015) subscores. The mean score of GAMM was also high in the OLSR group (mean = 41.32; SD = 11.98; p = .06). Improving 'productive activity,' 'social interaction,' 'home management,' and 'emotion' scores (based on factor analysis) are important goals to be achieved in a stroke rehabilitation programme so as to extend its scope from just physical restoration to building a better poststroke life. Conclusion: The positive effect of OLSR programme has been shown to be effective in filling the gap of psychosocial adaptation in conventional stroke rehabilitation programmes. The patients in the OLSR programme had improved motivation levels and predicted better QOL in long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study that investigates the reliability and validity of the newly acquired Chinese Behavioral Inattention Test-Hong Kong (CBHIT-HK) version for patients with stroke and unilateral neglect in Hong Kong. The study has selected 14 successive subacute patients and 54 subacute right hemisphere patients which were given evaluations including the CBHIT-HK and a functional assessment battery. Moreover, the study has demonstrated the reliability and validity of the CBHIT-HK.

Behavioural and cognitive processes play important roles in mediating an individual's interactions with its environment. Yet, while there is a vast literature on repeatable individual differences in behaviour, relatively little is known about the repeatability of cognitive performance. To further our understanding of the evolution of cognition, we gathered 44 studies on individual performance of 25 species across six animal classes and used meta-analysis to assess whether cognitive performance is repeatable. We compared repeatability ( R ) in performance (1) on the same task presented at different times (temporal repeatability), and (2) on different tasks that measured the same putative cognitive ability (contextual repeatability). We also addressed whether R estimates were influenced by seven extrinsic factors (moderators): type of cognitive performance measurement, type of cognitive task, delay between tests, origin of the subjects, experimental context, taxonomic class and publication status. We found support for both temporal and contextual repeatability of cognitive performance, with mean R estimates ranging between 0.15 and 0.28. Repeatability estimates were mostly influenced by the type of cognitive performance measures and publication status. Our findings highlight the widespread occurrence of consistent inter-individual variation in cognition across a range of taxa which, like behaviour, may be associated with fitness outcomes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'., (© 2018 The Author(s).)