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A German Shepherd bitch presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC) with history of bleeding from anus and rubbing since last five days. The bitch has estrous cycle about one month ago and miscopulation with a dog having venereal granuloma was reported by the owner. On clinical examination a growth was observed at anal opening measure more than one inch diameter, that was attached with anal mucous membrane and bleeding was observed. On the basis of history and clinical examination it was diagnosed as extragenital transmissible venereal granuloma. The treatment started with Inj. Vincristine @ 0.025 mg/kg Intravenous with supportive treatment. The growth was regressed more than half .and no bleeding was observed at 7TH day of treatment. The second treatment was given at 7 day. On 14th day of treatment the growth was completely regressed and animal was recovered from the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 35-year-old man who was suffering from blunt abdominal trauma and was diagnosed with intrahepatic biloma through magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Background & Aims: Various vasoconstrictors are useful in the management of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Terlipressin is the drug of choice; however, it is expensive. In this study, we evaluated safety and efficacy of terlipressin and noradrenaline in the treatment of HRS., Methods: Forty-six patients with HRS type 1 were managed with terlipressin (group A, N=23) or noradrenaline (Group B, N=23) with albumin in a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary center., Results: HRS reversal could be achieved in 9 (39.1%) patients in group A and 10 (43.4%) patients in group B (p=0.764). Univariate analysis showed baseline Child Turcotte Pugh score (CTP), model of end stage liver disease (MELD), urine output on day 1(D1), albumin, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were associated with response. However, on multivariate analysis only CTP score was associated with response. Fourteen patients in group A and 12 in group B died at day 15 (p>0.05). Noradrenaline was less expensive than terlipressin (p<0.05). No major adverse effects were seen., Conclusions: The results of this randomized study suggest that noradrenaline is as safe and effective as terlipressin, but less expensive in the treatment of HRS and baseline CTP score is predictive of response., (Copyright © 2012 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)