Search

Your search keyword '"Chou, Sharon H"' showing total 124 results
Start Over Author "Chou, Sharon H"
124 results on '"Chou, Sharon H"'

1. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., primary, Amrein, Karin, additional, Anderson, Paul H., additional, Arnold, Leggy A., additional, Arora, Juhi, additional, Artusa, Patricio, additional, Ascherio, Alberto, additional, Asmussen, Niels C., additional, Astier, Anne L., additional, Bak, Min Ji, additional, Bauerle, Kevin T., additional, Belorusova, Anna Y., additional, Benkusky, Nancy A., additional, Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, additional, Bhattoa, Harjit P., additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil C., additional, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., additional, Bishop, Charles W., additional, Blomberg Jensen, Martin, additional, Boisen, Ida Marie, additional, Boucher, Barbara J., additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Boyan, Barbara D., additional, Bradford, Dana, additional, Brancatella, Alessandro, additional, Buburuzan, Laura, additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Buschittari, Damien, additional, Calkins, Hannah, additional, Calvo, Mona S., additional, Camargo, Carlos A., additional, Campbell, Moray J., additional, Cantorna, Margherita T., additional, Cappellani, Daniele, additional, Carlberg, Carsten, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Cashman, Kevin D., additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Cetani, Filomena, additional, Chang, Wenhan, additional, Cheadle, Charlotte, additional, Chou, Sharon H., additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Christopher, Kenneth B., additional, Chu, Emily Y., additional, Chun, Rene F., additional, Cleal, Jane K., additional, Cobice, Diego F., additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Coort, Susan L.M., additional, Cui, Xiaoying, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M., additional, Danilenko, Michael, additional, Darling, Andrea L., additional, David Roodman, G., additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, de Jongh, Renate, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Dixon, Katie M., additional, Dong, Bingning, additional, Doroudi, Maryam, additional, Dusso, Adriana, additional, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, additional, Ebeling, Peter R., additional, Erben, Reinhold G., additional, Evelo, Chris T.A., additional, Eyles, Darryl, additional, Feldman, David, additional, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, additional, Fleet, James C., additional, Forcellati, Marianela, additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Gafni, Rachel I., additional, Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Girgis, Christian M., additional, Glencross, Drew A., additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Gocek, Elzbieta, additional, Goldfarb, David S., additional, Goltzman, David, additional, González-Sancho, José Manuel, additional, Grant, William B., additional, Groves, Natalie J., additional, Gysemans, Conny, additional, Harrison, Stephanie, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Haseltine, Katherine, additional, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., additional, Hayes, Colleen E., additional, Heckel, John E., additional, Hershberger, Pamela A., additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Högler, Wolfgang, additional, Holick, Michael F., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, Holt, Rune, additional, Hujoel, Philippe P., additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Ismailova, Aiten, additional, Jablonski, Nina G., additional, Jakobsen, Jette, additional, Janssens, Wim, additional, Jeffery, Louisa, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Jensen, Marie Bagge, additional, Jetten, Anton M., additional, Jiang, Heng, additional, Johnson, Candace S., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kalia, Vandana, additional, Kallay, Enikö, additional, Karapalis, Andrew C., additional, Kaufmann, Martin, additional, Kiely, Mairead, additional, Kim, Hanseul, additional, Kim, Tiffany Y., additional, Kojima, Hiroyuki, additional, Kooij, Ireen, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krieger, Kirsten, additional, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, additional, Krueger, Diane C., additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, additional, Lane, Joseph M., additional, Lanham-New, Susan A., additional, Latic, Nejla, additional, LeBoff, Meryl S., additional, Lee, Maija B., additional, Lee, Seong Min, additional, Levine, Michael A., additional, Lewis, Richard, additional, Lewis, Rohan M., additional, Li, Wei, additional, Li, Yan Chun, additional, Lincoln, Matthew R., additional, Lips, Paul, additional, Lisse, Thomas S., additional, Liu, Eva S., additional, López de Maturana, Evangelina, additional, Lugg, Sebastian T., additional, Machado, Christopher J., additional, Maes, Karen, additional, Maestro, Miguel A., additional, Malats, Núria, additional, Malloy, Peter J., additional, Manousaki, Despoina, additional, Marcinkowska, Ewa, additional, Marcocci, Claudio, additional, Martens, Pieter-Jan, additional, Martineau, Adrian R., additional, Mason, Rebecca S., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Mayne, Phoebe, additional, McGrath, John J., additional, Mehta, Mansi, additional, Mellanby, Richard John, additional, Merchant, Nadia, additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Miao, Dengshun, additional, Moon, Rebecca J., additional, Mortensen, Li Juel, additional, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, additional, Munger, Kassandra L., additional, Muñoz, Alberto, additional, Nakamichi, Yuko, additional, Narvaez, Carmen J., additional, Nikiphorou, Elena, additional, Nonn, Larisa, additional, Pal, Lubna, additional, Parekh, Dhruv, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilz, Stefan, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Pludowski, Pawel, additional, Prosser, David E., additional, Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., additional, Raphael, Joseph, additional, Rauz, Saaeha, additional, Raza, Karim, additional, Real, Francisco X., additional, Reichrath, Jörg, additional, Richards, J. Brent, additional, Rivadeneira, Fernando, additional, Rochel, Natacha, additional, Roizen, Jeffrey D., additional, Ryan, Brittany A., additional, Sarkar, Surojit, additional, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schepelmann, Martin, additional, Schoenmakers, Inez, additional, Schuit, Frans, additional, Schwartz, Zvi, additional, Scott, Kayla M., additional, Sellmeyer, Deborah E., additional, Sempos, Christopher T., additional, Sepiashvili, Lusia, additional, Seshadri, Mukund, additional, Shane, Elizabeth, additional, Shaurova, Tatiana, additional, Shieh, Albert, additional, Shui, Irene, additional, Singh, Ravinder J., additional, Slominski, Andrzej T., additional, Smith, Karl W., additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Studzinski, George P., additional, Suda, Tatsuo, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Taylor, Hugh S., additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Thacher, Tom D., additional, Thandrayen, Kebashni, additional, Thickett, David R., additional, Tiosano, Dov, additional, Trajanoska, Katerina, additional, Tu, Chia-Ling, additional, Tuckey, Robert C., additional, Tutaworn, Teerapat, additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Uday, Suma, additional, Unnanuntana, Aasis, additional, van Driel, Marjolein, additional, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., additional, van Schoor, Natasja, additional, Verlinden, Lieve, additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., additional, Wagner, Carol L., additional, Wallace, Graham R., additional, Weaver, Connie M., additional, Webb, Daniel A., additional, Welsh, JoEllen, additional, White, John H., additional, Whiting, Susan J., additional, Williams, Emma L., additional, Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, additional, Yamamoto, Keiko, additional, Yates, Clayton, additional, Zagorac, Sladjana, additional, Zhang, Rong Mei, additional, Zhao, Hengguang, additional, Zhou, Ang, additional, and Zittermann, Armin, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults

Author

LeBoff, Meryl S, Chou, Sharon H, Ratliff, Kristin A, Cook, Nancy R, Khurana, Bharti, Kim, Eunjung, Cawthon, Peggy M, Bauer, Douglas C, Black, Dennis, Gallagher, J Chris, Lee, I-Min, Buring, Julie E, and Manson, JoAnn E

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Aging, Nutrition, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Prevention, Complementary and Integrative Health, Osteoporosis, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Cholecalciferol, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Female, Fractures, Bone, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Vitamin D Deficiency, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundVitamin D supplements are widely recommended for bone health in the general population, but data on whether they prevent fractures have been inconsistent.MethodsIn an ancillary study of the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), we tested whether supplemental vitamin D3 would result in a lower risk of fractures than placebo. VITAL was a two-by-two factorial, randomized, controlled trial that investigated whether supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU per day), n-3 fatty acids (1 g per day), or both would prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease in men 50 years of age or older and women 55 years of age or older in the United States. Participants were not recruited on the basis of vitamin D deficiency, low bone mass, or osteoporosis. Incident fractures were reported by participants on annual questionnaires and adjudicated by centralized medical-record review. The primary end points were incident total, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. Proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the treatment effect in intention-to-treat analyses.ResultsAmong 25,871 participants (50.6% women [13,085 of 25,871] and 20.2% Black [5106 of 25,304]), we confirmed 1991 incident fractures in 1551 participants over a median follow-up of 5.3 years. Supplemental vitamin D3, as compared with placebo, did not have a significant effect on total fractures (which occurred in 769 of 12,927 participants in the vitamin D group and in 782 of 12,944 participants in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.08; P = 0.70), nonvertebral fractures (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.07; P = 0.50), or hip fractures (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.47; P = 0.96). There was no modification of the treatment effect according to baseline characteristics, including age, sex, race or ethnic group, body-mass index, or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. There were no substantial between-group differences in adverse events as assessed in the parent trial.ConclusionsVitamin D3 supplementation did not result in a significantly lower risk of fractures than placebo among generally healthy midlife and older adults who were not selected for vitamin D deficiency, low bone mass, or osteoporosis. (Funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; VITAL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01704859.).

Published
2022

6. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Endocrine Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Treatments.

Author

Angelidi, Angeliki M, Stefanakis, Konstantinos, Chou, Sharon H, Valenzuela-Vallejo, Laura, Dipla, Konstantina, Boutari, Chrysoula, Ntoskas, Konstantinos, Tokmakidis, Panagiotis, Kokkinos, Alexander, Goulis, Dimitrios G, Papadaki, Helen A, and Mantzoros, Christos S

Subjects
STRESS fractures (Orthopedics), SEX (Biology), THERAPEUTICS, BONE injuries, WOMEN athletes, MENSTRUATION disorders
Abstract

Research on lean, energy-deficient athletic and military cohorts has broadened the concept of the Female Athlete Triad into the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) syndrome. REDs represents a spectrum of abnormalities induced by low energy availability (LEA), which serves as the underlying cause of all symptoms described within the REDs concept, affecting exercising populations of either biological sex. Both short- and long-term LEA, in conjunction with other moderating factors, may produce a multitude of maladaptive changes that impair various physiological systems and adversely affect health, well-being, and sport performance. Consequently, the comprehensive definition of REDs encompasses a broad spectrum of physiological sequelae and adverse clinical outcomes related to LEA, such as neuroendocrine, bone, immune, and hematological effects, ultimately resulting in compromised health and performance. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of REDs and associated disorders. We briefly examine current treatment recommendations for REDs, primarily focusing on nonpharmacological, behavioral, and lifestyle modifications that target its underlying cause-energy deficit. We also discuss treatment approaches aimed at managing symptoms, such as menstrual dysfunction and bone stress injuries, and explore potential novel treatments that target the underlying physiology, emphasizing the roles of leptin and the activin-follistatin-inhibin axis, the roles of which remain to be fully elucidated, in the pathophysiology and management of REDs. In the near future, novel therapies leveraging our emerging understanding of molecules and physiological axes underlying energy availability or lack thereof may restore LEA-related abnormalities, thus preventing and/or treating REDs-related health complications, such as stress fractures, and improving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Leptin is an effective treatment for hypothalamic amenorrhea

Author

Chou, Sharon H., Chamberland, John P., Liu, Xiaowen, Matarese, Giuseppe, Gao, Chuanyun, Stefanakis, Rianna, Brinkoetter, Mary T., Gong, Huizhi, Arampatzi, Kalliopi, Mantzoros, Christos S., and Friedman, Jeffrey M.

Published
2011

25. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Body Composition in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)

Author

Chou, Sharon H, primary, Murata, Elle M, additional, Yu, Cindy, additional, Danik, Jacqueline, additional, Kotler, Gregory, additional, Cook, Nancy R, additional, Bubes, Vadim, additional, Mora, Samia, additional, Chandler, Paulette D, additional, Tobias, Deirdre K, additional, Copeland, Trisha, additional, Buring, Julie E, additional, Manson, JoAnn E, additional, and LeBoff, Meryl S, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Human Recombinant Leptin (Metreleptin) Administration for 2 Years Is an Effective Treatment for Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Increases Bone Mineral Density at the Lumbar Spine: A Pilot Study

Author

Aronis, Konstantinos N, primary, Sienkiewicz, Elizabeth, additional, Chou, Sharon H, additional, Brinkoetter, Mary, additional, Chamberland, John P, additional, Aramopatzi, Kalliopi M, additional, Gao, Chuanyun, additional, Magos, Faidon, additional, and Mantzoros, Christos S, additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., Amrein, Karin, Anderson, Paul H., Arnold, Leggy A., Arora, Juhi, Artusa, Patricio, Ascherio, Alberto, Asmussen, Niels C., Astier, Anne L., Bak, Min Ji, Bauerle, Kevin T., Belorusova, Anna Y., Benkusky, Nancy A., Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, Bhattoa, Harjit P., Bikle, Daniel D., Bilezikian, John P., Binkley, Neil C., Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., Bishop, Charles W., Blomberg Jensen, Martin, Boisen, Ida Marie, Boucher, Barbara J., Bouillon, Roger, Boyan, Barbara D., Bradford, Dana, Brancatella, Alessandro, Buburuzan, Laura, Burne, Thomas H.J., Buschittari, Damien, Calkins, Hannah, Calvo, Mona S., Camargo, Carlos A., Jr., Campbell, Moray J., Cantorna, Margherita T., Cappellani, Daniele, Carlberg, Carsten, Carmeliet, Geert, Cashman, Kevin D., Ceglia, Lisa, Cetani, Filomena, Chang, Wenhan, Cheadle, Charlotte, Chou, Sharon H., Christakos, Sylvia, Christopher, Kenneth B., Chu, Emily Y., Chun, Rene F., Cleal, Jane K., Cobice, Diego F., Cooper, Cyrus, Coort, Susan L.M., Cui, Xiaoying, Curtis, Elizabeth M., Danilenko, Michael, Darling, Andrea L., David Roodman, G., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, de Jongh, Renate, Demay, Marie B., Dennison, Elaine M., Dixon, Katie M., Dong, Bingning, Doroudi, Maryam, Dusso, Adriana, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, Ebeling, Peter R., Erben, Reinhold G., Evelo, Chris T.A., Eyles, Darryl, Feldman, David, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, Fleet, James C., Forcellati, Marianela, Foster, Brian L., Gafni, Rachel I., Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, Giovannucci, Edward, Girgis, Christian M., Glencross, Drew A., Glorieux, Francis H., Gocek, Elzbieta, Goldfarb, David S., Goltzman, David, González-Sancho, José Manuel, Grant, William B., Groves, Natalie J., Gysemans, Conny, Harrison, Stephanie, Harvey, Nicholas C., Haseltine, Katherine, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., Hayes, Colleen E., Heckel, John E., Hershberger, Pamela A., Hewison, Martin, Högler, Wolfgang, Holick, Michael F., Hollis, Bruce W., Holt, Rune, Hujoel, Philippe P., Hyppönen, Elina, Ismailova, Aiten, Jablonski, Nina G., Jakobsen, Jette, Janssens, Wim, Jeffery, Louisa, Jenkinson, Carl, Jensen, Marie Bagge, Jetten, Anton M., Jiang, Heng, Johnson, Candace S., Jones, Glenville, Jones, Kerry S., Jüppner, Harald, Kalia, Vandana, Kallay, Enikö, Karapalis, Andrew C., Kaufmann, Martin, Kiely, Mairead, Kim, Hanseul, Kim, Tiffany Y., Kojima, Hiroyuki, Kooij, Ireen, Kovacs, Christopher S., Kremer, Richard, Krieger, Kirsten, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, Krueger, Diane C., Kumar, Rajiv, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, Lane, Joseph M., Lanham-New, Susan A., Latic, Nejla, LeBoff, Meryl S., Lee, Maija B., Lee, Seong Min, Levine, Michael A., Lewis, Richard, Lewis, Rohan M., Li, Wei, Li, Yan Chun, Lincoln, Matthew R., Lips, Paul, Lisse, Thomas S., Liu, Eva S., López de Maturana, Evangelina, Lugg, Sebastian T., Machado, Christopher J., Maes, Karen, Maestro, Miguel A., Malats, Núria, Malloy, Peter J., Manousaki, Despoina, Marcinkowska, Ewa, Marcocci, Claudio, Martens, Pieter-Jan, Martineau, Adrian R., Mason, Rebecca S., Mathieu, Chantal, Mayne, Phoebe, McGrath, John J., Mehta, Mansi, Mellanby, Richard John, Merchant, Nadia, Meyer, Mark B., Miao, Dengshun, Moon, Rebecca J., Mortensen, Li Juel, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, Munger, Kassandra L., Muñoz, Alberto, Nakamichi, Yuko, Narvaez, Carmen J., Nikiphorou, Elena, Nonn, Larisa, Pal, Lubna, Parekh, Dhruv, Pettifor, John M., Pike, J. Wesley, Pilz, Stefan, Pittas, Anastassios G., Pludowski, Pawel, Prosser, David E., Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., Raphael, Joseph, Rauz, Saaeha, Raza, Karim, Real, Francisco X., Reichrath, Jörg, Richards, J. Brent, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rochel, Natacha, Roizen, Jeffrey D., Ryan, Brittany A., Sarkar, Surojit, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, Schafer, Anne L., Schepelmann, Martin, Schoenmakers, Inez, Schuit, Frans, Schwartz, Zvi, Scott, Kayla M., Sellmeyer, Deborah E., Sempos, Christopher T., Sepiashvili, Lusia, Seshadri, Mukund, Shane, Elizabeth, Shaurova, Tatiana, Shieh, Albert, Shui, Irene, Singh, Ravinder J., Slominski, Andrzej T., Smith, Karl W., St-Arnaud, René, Stein, Emily M., Studzinski, George P., Suda, Tatsuo, Takahashi, Naoyuki, Taylor, Hugh S., Tebben, Peter J., Thacher, Tom D., Thandrayen, Kebashni, Thickett, David R., Tiosano, Dov, Trajanoska, Katerina, Tu, Chia-Ling, Tuckey, Robert C., Tutaworn, Teerapat, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, Uday, Suma, Unnanuntana, Aasis, van Driel, Marjolein, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., van Schoor, Natasja, Verlinden, Lieve, Vieth, Reinhold, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., Wagner, Carol L., Wallace, Graham R., Weaver, Connie M., Webb, Daniel A., Welsh, JoEllen, White, John H., Whiting, Susan J., Williams, Emma L., Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, Yamamoto, Keiko, Yates, Clayton, Zagorac, Sladjana, Zhang, Rong Mei, Zhao, Hengguang, Zhou, Ang, and Zittermann, Armin

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Thermionic current densities from first principles.

Author

Voss, Johannes, Vojvodic, Aleksandra, Chou, Sharon H., Howe, Roger T., Bargatin, Igor, and Abild-Pedersen, Frank

Subjects
CURRENT density (Electromagnetism), DENSITY functional theory, NUMERICAL calculations, ELECTRIC currents, VACUUM, NONEQUILIBRIUM flow, GREEN'S functions
Abstract

We present a density functional theory-based method for calculating thermionic emission currents from a cathode into vacuum using a non-equilibrium Green's function approach. It does not require semi-classical approximations or crude simplifications of the electronic structure used in previous methods and thus provides quantitative predictions of thermionic emission for adsorbate-coated surfaces. The obtained results match well with experimental measurements of temperature-dependent current densities. Our approach can thus enable computational design of composite electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Leptin at the Intersection of Neuroendocrinology and Metabolism: Current Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives

Author

Dalamaga, Maria Chou, Sharon H. Shields, Kelsey and Papageorgiou, Panagiotis Polyzos, Stergios A. Mantzoros, Christos S.

Subjects
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
Abstract

Since its discovery as an adipocyte-secreted hormone, leptin has been found to impact food intake, energy homeostasis, and metabolism through its effects on the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Recent research indicates that leptin may also be involved in cognition, immune function, and bone metabolism. These findings place leptin at the intersection of neuroendocrinology and metabolism, and possibly immune function, and render it an appealing therapeutic target for several niche areas of unmet clinical need. Current evidence regarding classic and emerging roles of leptin as well as the pros and cons of its potential clinical use are summarized herein.

Published
2013

42. Computationally efficient characterization of standard cells for statistical static timing analysis

Author

Alice Wang and Dennis Buss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., Chou, Sharon H, Alice Wang and Dennis Buss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., and Chou, Sharon H

Abstract

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009., This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections., Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45)., We propose a computationally efficient statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) technique that addresses intra-die variations at near-threshold to sub-threshold supply voltage, simulated on a scaled 32nm CMOS standard cell library. This technique would characterize the propagation delay and output slew of an individual cell for subsequent timing path analyses. Its efficiency stems from the fact that it only needs to find the delay or output slew in the vicinity of the ?- sigma operating point (where ? = 0 to 3) rather than the entire probability density function of the delay or output slew, as in conventional Monte-Carlo simulations. The algorithm is simulated on combinational logic gates that include inverters, NANDs, and NORs of different sizes. The delay and output slew estimates in most cases differ from the Monte-Carlo results by less than 5%. Higher supply voltage, larger transistor widths, and slower input slews tend to improve delay and output slew estimates. Transistor stacking is found to be the only major source of under-prediction by the SSTA technique. Overall, the cell characterization approach has a substantial computational advantage compared to SPICE-based Monte-Carlo analysis., by Sharon H. Chou., M.Eng.

Published
2010

48. Role of leptin in human reproductive disorders.

Author

Chou, Sharon H. and Mantzoro, Christos

Subjects
*LEPTIN, *REPRODUCTIVE health, *PUBERTY, *AMENORRHEA, *HYPOGONADISM
Abstract

Leptin, as a key hormone in energy homeostasis, regulates neuroendocrine function, including reproduction. It has a permissive role in the initiation of puberty and maintenance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This is notable in patients with either congenital or acquired leptin deficiency from a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is the best-studied, with clinical trials confirming a causative role of leptin in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Implications of leptin deficiency have also emerged in the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in type 1 diabetes. At the other end of the spectrum, hyperleptinemia may play a role in hypogonadism associated with obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. In these conditions of energy excess, mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction include central leptin resistance as well as direct effects at the gonadal level. Thus, reproductive dysfunction due to energy imbalance at both ends can be linked to leptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Effects of Vitamin D 3 Supplementation on Incident Fractures by eGFR in VITAL.

Author

Hsu S, Zelnick LR, Buring JE, Chou SH, Cook NR, D'Agostino D, Hoofnagle AN, LeBoff MS, Lee IM, Limonte CP, Sesso HD, Manson JE, and de Boer IH

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Incidence, Cholecalciferol therapeutic use, Dietary Supplements adverse effects, Fractures, Bone prevention & control, Fractures, Bone etiology, Glomerular Filtration Rate drug effects
Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Physical Performance Measures in VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL.

Author

Chou SH, Cook NR, Kotler G, Kim E, Copeland T, Lee IM, Cawthon PM, Buring JE, Manson JE, and LeBoff MS

Abstract

Context: Declining muscle strength and performance in older adults are associated with falls, fractures, and premature death., Objective: To determine whether supplementation with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo for 2 years improves physical performance measures., Design: VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of supplemental vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease in 25,871 U.S. adults. This ancillary study was completed in a New England sub-cohort that had in-person evaluations at baseline and 2-year follow-up., Setting: Center for Clinical Investigations in Boston., Participants: 1,054 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years)., Interventions: 2x2 factorial design of supplemental vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/day) and/or marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day)., Main Outcome Measures: 2-year changes in physical performance measures of grip strength, walking speed, standing balance, repeated chair stands, and Timed-up and Go (TUG)., Results: At 2 years, all randomized groups showed worsening walking speeds and TUG. There were no differences in changes in grip strength, walking speeds, Short Physical Performance Battery (composite of walking speed, balance, and chair stands), and TUG between the vitamin D3-treated and the placebo-treated groups and between the omega-3-treated and the placebo-treated groups. Effects overall did not vary by sex, age, body mass index, or baseline measures of total or free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) or plasma n-3 index; TUG slightly worsened with vitamin D supplementation, compared to placebo, in participants with baseline total 25(OH)D levels above the median (p=0.01, p for interaction=0.04)., Conclusions: Neither supplemental vitamin D3 nor marine omega-3 fatty acids for 2 years improved physical performance in this generally healthy adult population., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results