1. Three-dimensional stereotactic atlas of the extracranial vasculature correlated with the intracranial vasculature, cranial nerves, skull and muscles.
- Author
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Nowinski WL, Shoon Let Thaung T, Choon Chua B, Hnin Wut Yi S, Yang Y, and Urbanik A
- Subjects
- Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Magnetic Resonance Angiography methods, Models, Cardiovascular, Reference Values, Statistics as Topic, Stereotaxic Techniques, Arteries anatomy & histology, Cranial Nerves anatomy & histology, Models, Anatomic, Muscle, Skeletal anatomy & histology, Skull anatomy & histology, Veins anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Our objective was to construct a 3D, interactive, and reference atlas of the extracranial vasculature spatially correlated with the intracranial blood vessels, cranial nerves, skull, glands, and head muscles.The atlas has been constructed from multiple 3T and 7T magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) brain scans, and 3T phase contrast and inflow MRA neck scans of the same specimen in the following steps: vessel extraction from the scans, building 3D tubular models of the vessels, spatial registration of the extra- and intracranial vessels, vessel editing, vessel naming and color-coding, vessel simplification, and atlas validation.This new atlas contains 48 names of the extracranial vessels (25 arterial and 23 venous) and it has been integrated with the existing brain atlas.The atlas is valuable for medical students and residents to easily get familiarized with the extracranial vasculature with a few clicks; is useful for educators to prepare teaching materials; and potentially can serve as a reference in the diagnosis of vascular disease and treatment, including craniomaxillofacial surgeries and radiologic interventions of the face and neck., (© The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.)
- Published
- 2015
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