Search

Liquid-filled containers (LFC) are widely used to store and transport petroleum, chemical reagents, and other resources. As an important target of military strikes and terrorist bombings, LFC are vulnerable to blast waves and fragments. To explore the protective effect of polyurea elastomer on LFC, the damage characteristics of polyurea coated liquid-filled container (PLFC) under the combined loading of blast shock wave and fragments were studied experimentally. The microstructure of the polyurea layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the fracture and self-healing phenomena were analyzed. The simulation approach was used to explain the combined blast- and fragments-induced on the PLFC in detail. Finally, the effects of shock wave and fragment alone and in combination on the damage of PLFC were comprehensively compared. Results showed that the polyurea reduces the perforation rate of the fragment to the LFC, and the self-healing phenomenon could also reduce the liquid loss rate inside the container. The polyurea reduces the degree of depression in the center of the LFC, resulting in a decrease in the distance between adjacent fragments penetrating the LFC, and an increase in the probability of transfixion and fracture between holes. Under the close-in blast, the detonation shock wave reached the LFC before the fragment. Polyurea does not all have an enhanced effect on the protection of LFC. The presence of internal water enhances the anti-blast performance of the container, and the hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) formed by the fragment impacting the water aggravated the plastic deformation of the container. The combined action has an enhancement effect on the deformation of the LFC. The depth of the container depression was 27% higher than that of the blast shock wave alone; thus, it cannot be simply summarized as linear superposition.

The optimization of the contradiction between the toughness and strength of nacre has become a focus of attention for material researchers. In the present work, objective functions for several parameters, such as tablet shape (flat and wavy), dimensions (length, thickness, dovetail angle), mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, shear modulus), overlap length of layers, and matrix thickness, were established from the three basic mechanical properties of the bionic mother-of-pearl structure (stiffness, strength, and toughness). Subsequently, the objective function was iteratively optimized using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) based on the constraint function. Finally, a numerical simulation model was developed using the key parameters derived from the structural optimization to investigate the penetration performance of a 12.7 mm projectile on different structures. Comparing the damage failure scenario, penetration resistance, ballistic performance, and energy absorption efficiency of different structures, it was found that after parameter optimization, wave-staggered composite plate reduced the penetration depth by 31.61 %, improved the ballistic limit by 27.21 %, and enhanced the energy absorption efficiency of ceramic by 8.30 % compared to the block plate.

Clay brick masonry unit (CBMU) walls are widely used in building structures, and its damage and protection under explosion loads have been a matter of concern in the field of engineering protection. In this paper, a series of full-scale experiments of the response characteristics of 24 cm CMBU walls unreinforced and reinforced with polyurea elastomer subjected to blast loading were carried out. Through setting 5.0 kg TNT charges at different stand-off distances, the damage characteristics of masonry walls at different scaled distances were obtained. The reinforcement effect of different polyurea coating thicknesses and methods on the blast resistance performance of masonry walls under single and repeated loads were also explored. Five failure grades were summarized according to the dynamic response features of masonry walls. Based on the stress wave propagation pattern in multi-media composite structures, the internal stress distribution of masonry walls were analyzed, and the division basis of the masonry walls’ failure grades was then quantified. Combined with Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) images, the deformation characteristics of soft and hard segments of polyurea and effects of detonation products on microstructures were revealed respectively, which provides an important reference for the design and application of polyurea in the blast resistance of clay brick masonry walls.

Natural marine biological structures have evolved over a long period of time, and their comprehensive performance has huge advantages over artificial materials. In order to improve the overall strength of the artificial structure, inspired by the layered structure of nacre, a nacre-like steel-polyurea composite plate was designed as a new impact-resistant structure. On this basis, the damage deformation of three different layered steel-polyurea composite plates with nacre-like structure under different projectile velocities was simulated. The damage failure morphology of nacre-like composite plates with different layered numbers was analyzed, and consequently, five failure toughening mechanisms of nacre-like composite plates were summarized. Then, the fitted ballistic performance curves were used to compare the ballistic performance of nacre-like composite plates with different delamination, and it was found that the composite plates could reduce the residual ballistic velocity by 24.58% and increase the ballistic limit by 27.86%, and the energy dissipation mechanism of the composite plates was explained by the energy release of steel and polyurea layers. Finally, the theoretical analysis reveals that the increase in the delamination number can effectively increase the equivalent modulus of the nacre-like composite plate, thus enhancing the penetration resistance of the composite plate.

In this study, the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate subjected to high velocity projectile was analyzed. Two kinds of modified polyurea material (AMMT-053 and AMMT-055) were selected and a ballistic impact testing system including speed measuring target system and high-speed camera was designed. This experiment was conducted with a rifle and 5.8 mm projectile to explore the effects by the polyurea coating thickness, the polyurea coating position and the glass-fiber cloth on the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate. The result showed that the effects of polyurea coating position were different between two types of polyurea, and that the effects of glass-fiber position were disparate between two types of polyurea as well. For AMMT-053 polyurea material, it was better to be on front face than on rear face; whereas for AMMT-055 polyurea, it was better to be on rear surface although the difference was very subtle. Additionally, formulas had been given to describe the relationship between the effectiveness of polyurea and the thickness of polyurea coating. In general, AMMT-055 had better anti-penetration performance than AMMT-053. Furthermore, five typical damage modes including self-healing, crack, local bulge, spallation and local fragmentation were defined and the failure mechanism was analyzed with the results of SHPB test. Additionally, the bonding strength played an important role in the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/steel composite plate.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The US FDA has approved several therapeutics and vaccines worldwide through the emergency use authorization in response to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the efficacies of these treatments are being challenged by viral escape mutations. There is an urgent need to develop effective treatments protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and to establish a stable effect-screening model to test potential drugs. Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) have an intrinsic advantage in such developments because they can target rapidly mutating viral strains as a result of the complexity of their binding epitopes. In this study, we generated anti–receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) pAbs from rabbit serum and tested their safety and efficacy in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vivo and ex vivo. Primary human bronchial epithelial two-dimensional (2-D) organoids were cultured and differentiated to a mature morphology and subsequently employed for SARS-CoV-2 infection and drug screening. The pAbs protected the airway organoids from viral infection and tissue damage. Potential side effects were tested in mouse models for both inhalation and vein injection. The pAbs displayed effective viral neutralization effects without significant side effects. Thus, the use of animal immune serum–derived pAbs might be a potential therapy for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the strategy developed to produce these pAbs providing new insight into the treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially for infections with viruses undergoing rapid mutation.

In this study, the authors introduced energy entropy as a reference feature into the field of blast vibration recognition classification and achieved good results. On the basis of the previous experimental database, 4 kinds of typical vibration signals were selected to form the sample group (building collapse vibration, surface rock blast vibration, underground tunnel blast vibration, and natural gas pipeline explosion vibration). EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition) algorithm was used to calculate the energy entropy of each signal. Taking eigenvector composed of CEE (components of energy entropy) as input, multiclassification SVM algorithm was used for training and prediction. Prediction accuracy was more than 80%. Compared with BP (backpropagation) neural network algorithm, SVM (support vector machine) algorithm has higher training efficiency. The research results can be used in urban vibration monitoring, identify the nature of vibration source in time, and provide technical support for rapid response of emergency rescue.

The experimental investigations on the square tubes with various stand-off distances and wall thickness were helpful to understand the dynamic response of metal shell under single and double explosion. Therefore, the effect of stand-off distance, wall thickness, and amounts of explosion on the deformation and damage of the square tubes and the regular pattern of the fracture development was analyzed by dimensions of local plastic deformation, volume of the depression area, and crack type. The result reveals that the deformation and fracture mode of steel square tubes gradually transform from local deformation to rupture with the decrease of wall thickness and stand-off distance. Besides, the failure degrees of square tubes under a double explosion were relatively higher than those of square tubes under a single explosion. In addition, the experiment indicates that the side corners of the square tube are very vulnerable, and they are damaged easily by the stress concentration and shear effect. The conclusion provides an important scientific basis for the structural design of square-tube structures and calculation of engineering protection.

The penetration and reaming performance of a toroidal explosively formed projectile (TEFP) warhead with a charge diameter (D) of 56 mm was investigated when it was used to penetrate Q235 steel targets that were 10 mm thick at different stand-off distances (h). Thought the experimental and numerical result, the formation and penetration mechanisms of TEFP was revealed, and the differences between the radial and axial velocities in various portions of the TEFP were the primary causes of the TEFP expansion and rupture. When the TEFP tail has not completely ruptured and detached (h < 2.14D), TEFP has a strong penetration ability, resulting in TEFP perforating the target plate. The perforation process included three phases: pit opening, plastic hole expansion, and shear-block formation; these phases had average energy consumption ratios of 26.0%, 56.8%, and 17.2%, respectively. Finally, a method of evaluating the perforation and reaming capability of the TEFP was developed and used to identify the optimal stand-off distance, h0 = 1.96D, which produced a penetration hole with a diameter of 1.875D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The dynamic response and microstructure evolution of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper in a shaped charge liner are investigated through microstructural examination of a soft-recovery EFP. Adiabatic shear bands and voids which is the failure original of copper EFP can be observed in the rear part of the projectile. Numerical simulation results illustrate that the highest plastic strain reaches about 2.9 which can fully accommodate the grains deformation of copper EFP during the formation process at strain rates of the order of 104s−1. Theoretical calculation results indicate that the highest temperature increase of EFP caused by shock wave and plastic deformation can reach 747K, which is 0.55T m (where T m is the melting temperature of copper). The main body of the EFP undergoes completely dynamic recrystallisation, and the average size of the refined grains significantly decreases to approximately 10µm. A slight increase in grain size occurs mainly away from the center and extends towards the head and rear sections of the EFP. During the DRX process, the dislocation movement is believed to be the controlling mechanism significantly refining the microstructure.

Abstract Three-dimensional numerical simulations and experiments were performed to examine the formation and spatial dispersion patterns of integral multiple explosively formed penetrators (MEFP) warhead with seven hemispherical liners. Numerical results had successfully described the formation process and distribution pattern of MEFP. A group of penetrators consisting of a central penetrator surrounded by 6 penetrators is formed during the formation process of MEFP and moves in the direction of aiming position. The maximum divergence angle of the surrounding penetrator group was 7.8°, and the damage area could reach 0.16 m2 at 1.2 m. The laws of perforation dispersion patterns of MEFP were also obtained through a nonlinear fitting of the perforation information on the target at different standoffs. The terminal effects of the MEFP warhead were performed on three #45 steel targets with a dimension of 160cm ( 160cm ( 1.5cm at various standoffs (60, 80, and 120 cm). The simulation results were validated through penetration experiments at different standoffs. It has shown excellent agreement between simulation and experiment results.

Abstract A new MEFP warhead with seven arc-cone liners which can form 7, 13 or 19 penetrators at different standoffs is designed. Dispersion patterns and penetration properties of MEFP are performed on five #45 steel targets of dimension 160cm x 160cm x 1.5cm at various standoffs (45cm, 60cm, 80cm, 120cm, 170cm). It reaches the conclusion that every surrounding liner is broken into three penetrators during the formation process of MEFP and a group of aimable penetrators consisting a central projectile surrounded by 18 penetrators is finally formed. Maximum divergence angle of surrounding penetrator is 9.8° and the damage area reaches 0.37m2 at 1.7m. A nonlinear surface fitting about perforations information on the targets at different standoffs provides a method of predicting the dispersion patterns of MEFP. Once initiated, damage probability for defeating light armor of MEFP warhead with seven arc-cone liners is significantly improved and the results provide important reference to the design and optimization of MEFP warhead in engineering.

An account is given of some principal observations made from a series of experiments in which metal cylindrical shells were subjected to lateral explosion impact by different TNT charge mass and stand-off distance. These cylindrical shells were filled with water in order to identify the main effects produced by the fluid-structure interaction. In comparison, the explosion impact experiments of the empty cylindrical shells were also carried out. The effects of TNT charge mass, stand-off distance, cylindrical shell wall thickness and filled fluid (water) on perforation and deformation of metal cylindrical shells were discussed, which indicated that water increased the wall strength of the cylindrical shells under explosion impact loading, and the buckling deformation and perforation of the cylindrical shell was significantly influenced by the presence of the water; blast-resistant property of the tube under explosive impact loading of 200g TNT charge was much excellent; deformation and damage of empty cylindrical shell were more sensitive to stand-off distance changed. ALE finite element method was employed to simulate the deformations and damages of empty and water-filled cylindrical shells under explosion impact loading. The experimental and computational results are in agreement, showing the validity of the computational scheme in complex fluid-structure interaction problems involving metal materials subjected to explosion impact. The results show that internal pressure of water will increase when subjecting to impact loading, the anti-blast ability of tube structure is significantly enhanced.

Objective: Community stroke education is a regulated, integral component of stroke systems of care. However, little is known about the types of activities conducted by hospitals. This study was designed to examine the annual requirement for community stroke education among New York State's 119 designated Primary Stroke Centres and identify areas for improvement that may have an implication on stroke outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional survey design Setting: All 119 New York State designated Primary Stroke Centres were invited to participate. Methods: Participating hospitals completed a 29-item online questionnaire assessing multiple domains related to community stroke education including hospital characteristics, allocated resources, implementation barriers, current community stroke education practices and willingness to adopt best practice guidelines. Data were analysed using univariate descriptive and chi-square statistics. Results: Eighty-eight percent of hospitals completed the survey (105/119). Respondents were mostly stroke coordinators and stroke directors. Stroke outreach education was conducted two to four times per year in 58% of the hospitals (n = 69). Community stroke education included behavioural risk factor modification, the detection of stroke risk through screening and stroke preparedness education at health fairs. Although 95% of hospitals (n = 98) reported using at least one best practice approach for these activities, evaluation was generally poor, with only about 23% (n = 24) implementing outcome-specific assessments. Major barriers to stroke outreach were inadequate staffing, time constraints and lack of funding. Conclusion: Hospital-driven community stroke education efforts occur infrequently and are poorly evaluated. This component of stroke systems of care would benefit from guidelines from regulatory agencies, which currently do not exist.

Integral imaging is a type of true three‐dimensional (3D) display technology that uses a lens array to reconstruct vivid 3D images with full parallax and true color. In order to present a high‐quality 3D image, it's vital to correct the axial position error caused by the misalignment and deformation of the lens array which makes the reconstructed lights deviate from the correct directions, resulting in severe voxel drifting and image blurring. We proposed a sub‐pixel marking method to measure the axial position error of the lenses with great accuracy by addressing the sub‐pixels under each lens and forming a homologous sub‐pixel pair. The proposed measurement method relies on the geometric center alignment of image points, which makes the measurement accuracy high. Additionally, a depth‐based sub‐pixel correction method was proposed to eliminate the voxel drifting. The proposed correction method takes the voxel depth into consideration. The experimental results well confirmed that the proposed measuring and correction methods can greatly suppress the voxel drifting caused by the axial position error of the lenses, and greatly improve the 3D image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scomberomorus niphonius, an important marine economic fish in China, is widely distributed in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas. In 2022, the total catch of Scomberomorus niphonius in China was 356, 100 tons, representing 3.75% of China's overall marine fish catch. Shandong Province accounted for a significant portion, with a catch of 175, 300 tons, constituting 49.22% of the national total. The annual catch of S. niphonius in Shandong ranks first in the country. S. niphonius is rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, minerals, and other nutrients. It has a delicious flavor and is popular with consumers. S. niphonius, during processing and storage, is susceptible to microorganisms, temperature, and other external environmental influences of corruption deterioration and loss of commodity value; therefore, its storage quality must be improved. Among various fish products, vacuum-packed ready-to-eat soft canned products are popular and widely used with high commercial value due to their short sterilization time, low nutritional loss, and easy portability. Sterilization is an important way of ensuring product quality and extending shelf-life. However, the irrationality of the sterilization process, which focuses mainly on the effect of a single sterilization temperature and time on these quality indicators, often results in a reduction in the quality of the product in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional value.Lipids are important components of seafood and essential biomolecules. They are also involved in organismal processes essential in the nutritional value, texture, and overall organoleptic properties of seafood. For flavor modification, they act as solvents and precursors of volatile compounds. In addition, seafood contains essential nutritional lipids, including phospholipids, triglycerides, and essential fatty acids, which is an important feature distinguishing it from other species. In addition, most of the volatile flavor compounds in meat are produced by the Melad reaction and the thermal degradation of lipids (oxidation) and thiamine. Oxidative degradation of lipids is the main pathway for forming the characteristic flavor of aquatic products. S. niphonius, due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, releases unsaturated fatty acids from the lipids during sterilization to further oxidize them into volatile compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, which have a low threshold value and can significantly impact the flavor quality of the product. Currently, the processing of S. niphonius is focused on dry-cured products, and relatively few studies have been conducted on the quality changes during the processing and sterilization of its soft canning. Based on this, the present study took the S. niphonius as a research object and used conventional physicochemical tests combined with the electronic nose, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and other technical means to compare the effects of different sterilization conditions on the physicochemical indices and volatile substances of S. niphonius, to extend its shelf life while reducing the effects of sterilization on its flavor, sensory, and nutritional qualities. This will provide a reference for quality control in the processing of prepared fish dishes and enrich the basic theory of flavor formation in thermally sterilized aquatic products.The results showed that the sensory scores of texture, taste, and odor of S. niphonius changed significantly after sterilization. The total lipid, triglyceride, and phospholipid contents in the samples were significantly decreased after sterilization (P < 0.05), and the free fatty acid content was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Differences were observed in lipid composition between different sterilization groups, with the highest degree of lipid loss in Group C samples. The degree of lipid oxidation was significantly affected by sterilization conditions (P < 0.05), peroxidevalue (POV) content was significantly increased, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the odor characteristics of fish meat after different sterilization conditions were significantly different. Twenty-two volatile compounds were identified from the four groups of samples using GC-IMS, including seven aldehydes, five ketones, four alcohols, three esters, two acids, and one furan. Among these compounds, heptyl aldehyde, hexaldehyde, 3-hydroxybutane-2-ketone, acetic acid, and 1-octene-3-alcohol were identified as the primary volatile substances in the control group. The signal intensity of valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, butyraldehyde, 3-hydroxy-butanone, and ethyl propionate significantly increased after the fish underwent various sterilization conditions. This observation suggests that sterilization promotes lipid oxidation and decomposition in fish while leading to significant variations in volatile substance profiles among different sterilization processes. Hexanal, pentanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-pentanone, cyclohexanone, 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, and ethyl acetate were the major aroma compounds in the fish, and the highest levels were found in the samples from Group B. In conclusion, the organoleptic and flavor qualities of the samples at 115 ℃ for 14.7 min (Group B) were significantly better than those of the other sterilization conditions, and the degree of lipid oxidation was lower, which provides technical support for the fine processing of S. niphonius products.

Abstract Background A recent study revealed the oncogenic role of box C/D small nucleolar RNA 52 (SNORD52) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by facilitating the aggressive phenotypes of hepatoma cells. However, the potential role of exosomal SNORD52 in macrophage polarization during HCC progression remains poorly understood. Methods Exosomes were isolated from hepatoma cells. Western blotting and flow cytometry were performed to determine the levels of M2 macrophage polarization markers. SNORD52 expression was assessed using qRT-PCR. The levels of JAK2/STAT6 pathway-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting. Results SNORD52 was enriched in exosomes derived from hepatoma cells and in plasma samples from patients with HCC. Hepatoma cell-derived exosomal SNORD52 was internalized by THP-1 macrophages. SNORD52 overexpression increased the levels of M2 macrophage polarization markers and JAK2/STAT6 pathway-related proteins Additionally, hepatoma cell-derived exosomal SNORD52 interacted with the JAK2/STAT6 pathway to mediate M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusions Our findings revealed that hepatoma cell-derived exosomal SNORD52 induces M2 macrophage polarization by activating the JAK2/STAT6 pathway.

Abstract Dental pulp regeneration is significantly aided by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial in the multidirectional differentiation of many mesenchymal stem cells, but their specific functions and mechanisms remain unknown. This work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism by which hsa_circ_0001599 works in hDPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. The expression of hsa_circ_0001599 in hDPSCs and dental pulp tissue was determined by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR). The role of hsa_circ_0001599 in the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and its mechanism were studied using a variety of in vivo and in vitro assessments. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was facilitated by the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001599, which activated the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in vitro. In vivo, hsa_circ_0001599 can promote the formation of new dentin-like structures. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001599 enhanced ITGA2 expression by sponging miR-889-3p. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001599 interacts with the methylation reader hnRNPA2B1, promoting hnRNPA2B1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increasing ITGA2 mRNA stability. This research revealed the important role of hsa_circ_0001599 in odontogenic differentiation. Thus, hDPSCs engineered with hsa_circ_0001599 have the potential to be effective therapeutic targets for dental pulp repair and regeneration.

In this paper, the penetration resistance of 6061 aluminum plates to explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) at the incidence angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° was studied. The penetration process was roughly divided into three typical stages--the plastic flanging stage of the target, the righting stage of the projectile, and the plug formation stage of the target. Through the energy analysis, the energy consumption of the aluminum plate increased with the increase in the incidence angle during the entire penetration process. Through the microscopic analysis of the perforated wall surface of the aluminum plate, it was found that there were distinct boundaries and differences between the plastic reaming zone and the punching plug fracture zone.. Overall, four kinds of classification modes were proposed for the damage of the aftereffect plate, which provides a method to evaluate the aftereffect of EFP oblique penetration into 6061 aluminum plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Patients with developmental disabilities (DD) are frequently excluded from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) randomized control trials. We sought to evaluate the impact of having DD on this patient cohort Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was analyzed to explore the impact of AIS and treatment on discharge dispositions in patients with DD. Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were compared to fully-abled patients with AIS. Results: 1,605,723 patients with AIS were identified from 2010–2019, of whom 4094 (0.30%) had a DD. AIS patients with DD were younger (60.31 vs 70.93 years, p < 0.01), less likely to be Caucasian (66.37%vs 68.09%, p = 0.01), and had higher AIS severity (0.63 vs 0.58, p < 0.01). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered in 99,739 (6.2%) fully-abled patients and 196 (4.79%) of patients with DD (p < 0.01). Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) was performed in 21,066 (1.31%) of fully-abled patients and 35 (0.85%) of patients with DD (p < 0.01). The presence of developmental disabilities were predictive of lower rates of tPA (OR:0.71,CI:0.56–0.87,p < 0.01) and EVT (OR:0.24,CI:0.16–0.36,p < 0.01). In a propensity score-matched cohort of all AIS patients who underwent EVT, there was no difference in functional outcome (p = 0.41), in-hospital mortality (0.10), and LOS (p = 0.79). Conclusion: AIS patients with DD were less likely to receive tPA and EVT compared to fully-abled patients. Individuals with DD had higher mortality and worse discharge disposition. There was no significant difference in post-EVT outcomes between fully-abled patients and patients with developmental disabilities. In the absence of prospective clinical trials, population based cross-sectional analyses such as the present study provide valuable clinical insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

［Objective］The tunnel between Shengchanlu Station and Lihuanglu Station on Jinan Metro Line 2 passes in close proximity to the pile foundations of an elevated bridge and the Eurasia Electronics Building complex. To ensure the smooth implementation of shield tunneling and the safety of existing structures, it is necessary to study the structural response mechanism of the surrounding soil and buildings due to shield tunnel side-passing construction. ［Method］Using finite element simulation, the deformation of adjacent bridge foundation, pile foundation, and ground surface before and after reinforcement during the right and left line shield tunnel crossings is examined. A numerical simulation process is comparatively analyzed with reference to field monitoring data. ［Result & Conclusion］When the construction interval between the left and right lines is within 200 rings, the disturbance effect from dual-line construction may have a superimposed impact, potentially causing excessive deformation of the surrounding soil and building structures, thus jeopardizing the usage safety. Implementing secondary grouting reinforcement within 3 m radius around the tunnel reduces the negative bending moment in the building floor slabs and the columns closest to the tunnel by 45.01%, while reducing the extent and magnitude of ground surface and surrounding building deformation within the design limits, indicating that the secondary grouting can effectively mitigate the stratum disturbance effects caused by shield tunneling. Field monitoring results confirm that soil and pile foundation deformations remain within acceptable limits during the shield tunneling.

Abstract Background Mentoring’s success in nurturing professional identity formation (PIF) has been attributed to its ability to build personalised and enduring mentoring relationships. However, beyond functioning as communities of practice (CoPs) supporting socialisation processes, how mentoring integrates programme values and instils a shared identity amongst mentees remains unclear. The need for personalised guidance and timely attention to a mentee’s unique needs in evolving mentoring relationships point to the critical role of support mechanisms (‘mentoring support’). We conducted a systematic scoping review (SSR) studying “What is known about mentoring support’s role in nurturing PIF?”. Methods Adopting PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this SSR was guided by the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA). Independent searches were carried out on publications featured between 1st January 2000 and 30th June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, ERIC and Scopus databases. The Split Approach saw concurrent, independent thematic and content analyses of the included articles. The Jigsaw Perspective combined complementary themes and categories, creating broader themes/categories. The subsequent Funnelling Process formed key domains that platformed the synthesis of the discussion. Results Two thousand three hundred forty-one abstracts were reviewed, 323 full-text articles were appraised and 151 articles were included and analysed. The key domains identified were (1) definitions and roles; (2) personalisation; (3) shepherding; and (4) PIF. Conclusion The success of mentoring in PIF lies in its ability to blend role modelling, supervision, mentoring, coaching and teaching, with self-care, guided reflection, apprenticeship and assessment to meet the individual needs of the mentee and their changing circumstances. Blending the contents of the mentoring umbrella emphasises the critical role of the mentor and host organisation in supporting mentor training, communications, support and assessment mechanisms. Mentee engagement and its active role in support measures complement the CoP-like mentoring programme’s use of blending mentoring support to advance the socialisation process. These insights reflect a complex interactive process scaffolding the development of mentoring relationships and PIF. The effect of the mentoring umbrella on clinical practice requires further study.

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an immune-responsive tumor with spontaneous remission. T cells play a pivotal role in the anti-lymphoma immune response. However, the dynamics of T cells during treatment, their impact on FL clinical outcomes, and the risk factors contributing to T-cell cytopenia remain largely unexplored. T-cell and their subsets in the peripheral blood of FL patients at diagnosis, during 2–4 cycles and after 6 cycles of treatment, as well as healthy individuals were detected by flow-cytometry. The predictive effects of T cells for early progression and risks for T-cell cytopenia were analyzed. FL patients exhibited a significant decrease in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8 + T cells compared to healthy individuals, with aging intensifying the decline of CD3+, and CD4 + T cells. Notably, a reduction in CD4 + T cells, predominantly contributing to treatment-related T-cell reduction, was only observed in patients undergoing Bendamustine-based regimens. Moreover, a significantly decreased CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell at diagnosis rather than after induction therapy was observed in patients with treatment failure. Furthermore, lower CD4 + T-cell (

Objective To investigate the morphological and proteomic differences in exosomes (EXOs) during the storage of leukocyte-free apheresis platelets (LFA-Plt), evaluate the quality of platelets in storage and predict the function of EXOs at different storage periods. Methods EXOs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, then the morphological observation was performed by electron microscope. Particle size analysis and WB protein index detection were performed. 4D Label-free quantitative proteomics technology was used to perform quantitative and bioinformatics analysis on identified proteins. Protein differential analysis on the LFA- Plt EXO between group day 3 and day 5 was performed, and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on differential proteins was conducted. Results Cup shaped, CD9/TSG101 enriched and Calnexin (-) EXO was successfully obtained. The particle size (nm) of LFA-Plt EXO for day 3 and day 5 were (82.2±19.6) and (83.4±19.4) respectively, and the protein concentration(μ g/uL) were (0.55±0.13) and (0.51±0.08) respectively, with no statistically significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). 1 504 proteins were identified in all samples. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the LFA-Plt EXO proteins were mainly concentrated in the cell membrane, extracellular domain and proteasome core complex, and were related to the binding ability of proteins, ATP, calcium ions and GTP, and mainly participated in processes such as redox, protein hydrolysis and signal transduction. KEGG functional annotation showed that the EXO proteins mainly participated in material transportation and catabolism, genetic information processing, and were closely related to human tumors and viral bacterial infections, affecting the metabolism of human immune system. Compared with day 3, day 5 EXO showed significant up-regulation in 16 proteins. The GO enrichment analysis showed that 16 upregulated proteins were mainly associated with adenosine homocysteine activity and 6-phosphofructose kinase activity, and were mainly involved in the metabolism of organic nitrogen compound. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the most important function of upregulated proteins was participating in signaling pathway for oocyte maturation mediated by progesterone. Conclusion Under the preparation and storage conditions of LFA-Plt in our center, platelet quality can be relatively stable. The functions of EXO proteins varies with different storage periods, which may affect the effectiveness of platelet transfusion.