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The ability of eddy-viscosity models to simulate the turbulent wake produced by cross-flow separation over a curved body of revolution is assessed. The results obtained using the standard k - [omega] model show excessive levels of turbulent kinetic energy k in the vicinity of the stagnation point at the nose of the body. Additionally, high levels of k are observed throughout the wake. Enforcing laminar flow upstream of the nose (which replicates the experimental apparatus more accurately) gives more accurate estimates of k throughout the flowfield. A stress limiter in the form of Durbin's T-limit modification for eddy-viscosity models is implemented for the k - [omega] model, and its effect on the computed surface pressures, skin friction, and surface flow features is assessed. Additionally, the effect of the T-limit modification on both the mean flow and the turbulent flow quantities within the wake is also examined. The use of the T-limit modification gives significant improvements in predicted levels of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses within the wake. However, predicted values of skin friction in regions of attached flow become up to 50% greater than the experimental values when the T-limit is used. This is due to higher values of near-wall turbulence being created with the T-limit. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001967]

The development of anticonvulsant drugs is an example of where advances in basic neuroscience have improved patient care. Potential benefits also spill over to nonepileptic patients, especially those with chronic pain. It is increasingly recognized that there are many similarities between the molecular pathophysiology of epileptogenesis and that of chronic pain. Anticonvulsant drugs are now used extensively for treating neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain syndromes. This article summarizes the presumed modes of action of commonly used anticonvulsant drugs and points out where they may be important for treating pain. The clinical evidence for their efficacy is examined. In addition, some anticonvulsant drugs that are under development are assessed and those that may be effective for treating pain are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recognition system consisting of attributed grammars and a two-layer perceptron for classifying brain-stem auditory evoked potentials is described. An evoked potential waveform is filtered and converted to a string of terminal symbols. This string is then processed by a regular attributed grammar. Its semantic functions return a list of numeric features that are further processed by a two-layer perceptron. The paper discusses the results of a large number of experiments that have been conducted to obtain the performance characteristics of a multilayer perceptron on a specified pattern recognition problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the diffusion term in the velocity gradient tensor evolution equation in homogeneous isotropic turbulence at moderate Reynolds number. Use of full direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations; Consideration of the diffusion terms associated with strain rate tensor and vorticity vector.

A case of neurocystercercosis resistant to treatment with repeated courses of albendazole and praziquantel (even in combination), leading to deterioration in clinical condition is described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]