Search

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: A total of 40 postmenopausal women and 43 healthy, regularly menstruating premenopausal women were taken as study and control groups, respectively. All patients had biochemical blood examination, 2-D echocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitorization. HRT parameters, namely turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) were calculated. Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic pressure, total cholesterol and LDL levels were higher in the postmenopausal group, whereas HDL levels were higher in the premenopausal group (p

Objective: Caspase-1 is implicated in several important inflammatory diseases and controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions. This study was planned to determine if there is any relationship between Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: Forty-two women with PCOS and thirty-seven healthy controls were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels, serum lipid sub-fractions, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and other hormones (gonadotropins, androgens), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin resistance. Results: Free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR, MDA and Caspase-1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS. However, the women with PCOS had considerably lower GSH concentration levels than healthy subjects. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in study subjects than in controls, though it was statistically insignificant. Caspase-1 was positively associated with IL-10. Conclusion: These outcomes propose that Caspase-1 may have a role in triggering the processes leading to chronic low-grade inflammation in women with PCOS, independent of insulin resistance, androgen excess and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the precise role of Caspase-1 in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. (C) 2020 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cabus, Umit; Kabukcu, Cihan; Oztekin, Ozer; Fenkci, Veysel] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denizli, Turkey. [Fenkci, Semin] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Denizli, Turkey. [Caner, Vildan] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Denizli, Turkey. [Enli, Yasar] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Denizli, Turkey.

Recent studies have shown that increased circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are associated with obesity, metabolic disorder, and atherosclerosis. However the relationship between FGF21 and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial This study was planned to investigate the role of FGF21 in CAD development and CAD severity.Seventy-eight patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) (lesion positive) and 40 control patients (lesion negative) with similar cardiovascular risk factors were included in the study. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA method. CAD severity was evaluated by using SYNTAX and GENSINI risk scores.FGF21 concentrations were found significantly higher in the SAP group than in the control group. [101.18 ± 141.62 vs. 47.93 ± 58.74 pg/mL; p = 0.03], no correlation was found between the SYNTAX (r = 0.146 and p = 0.134) and GENSINI (r = 0.211 and p = 0.084) scores with serum FGF21 levels. There was a negative relationship between serum FGF21 and serum HDL-C levels in correlation analysis (r = - 0.272; p = 0.026).The serum FGF21 levels are different between SAP and control patients. FGF21 is a marker for CAD diagnosis, but not for the evaluation of CAD severity.Poslednja istraživanja su pokazala da je pove}anje koncentracija u cirkulaciji fibroblastnog faktora rasta 21 (FGF21) praćeno sa gojaznošću, metaboličkim poremećajem i aterosklerzom. Međutim, odnos između FGF21 i koro narnog arterijskog oboljenja (KAO) je kontraverzan. U ovom izučavanju je planirano da se ispita uloga FGF21 u razvoju KAO kao i težina samog oboljenja.U izučavanje je uključeno sedamdeset osam pacijenata sa stabilnom anginom pektoris (SAP) (pozitivna lezija) i 40 kontrolnih pacijenata (lezija negativna) sa sličnim faktorima rizika. Nivoi serumskog FGF21 mereni su ELISA me todom. Težina KAO procenjivana je SYNTAX i GENSI faktorima rizika.Koncentracije FGF21 bile su značajno vi{e u grupi sa SAP nego u kontrolnoj grupi. [101,18 ± 141,62 vs. 47,93 ± 58,74 pg/mL; p = 0,03]. Nije utvrđena korelacija između SYNTAX (r = 0,146 i p = 0,134) i GENSI (r = 0,211 i p = 9,084) skorova sa nivoima serumskog FGF21. Nađen je negativan odnos između serumskog FGF21 i nivoa HDL-C u serumu primenom korelacione analize (r = - 0,272; p = 0,026).Nivoi FGF21 u serumu su različiti kod SAP i kontrolnih pacijenata. FGF21 je marker za dijagnostikovanje KAO, ali ne i za procenu težine KAO.

Background People from South Asia are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is an urgent need to develop approaches for the prevention of T2D in South Asians that are cost-effective, generalisable and scalable across settings. Hypothesis Compared to usual care, the risk of T2D can be reduced amongst South Asians with central obesity or raised HbA1c, through a 12-month lifestyle modification programme delivered by community health workers. Design Cluster randomised clinical trial (1:1 allocation to intervention or usual care), carried out in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the UK, with 30 sites per country (120 sites total). Target recruitment 3600 (30 participants per site) with annual follow-up for 3 years. Entry criteria South Asian, men or women, age 40–70 years with (i) central obesity (waist circumference ≥ 100 cm in India and Pakistan; ≥90 cm in Sri Lanka) and/or (ii) prediabetes (HbA1c 6.0–6.4% inclusive). Exclusion criteria: known type 1 or 2 diabetes, normal or underweight (body mass index 2); pregnant or planning pregnancy; unstable residence or planning to leave the area; and serious illness. Endpoints The primary endpoint is new-onset T2D at 3 years, defined as (i) HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or (ii) physician diagnosis and on treatment for T2D. Secondary endpoints at 1 and 3 years are the following: (i) physical measures: waist circumference, weight and blood pressure; (ii) lifestyle measures: smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity and dietary intake; (iii) biochemical measures: fasting glucose, insulin and lipids (total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides); and (iv) treatment compliance. Intervention Lifestyle intervention (60 sites) or usual care (60 sites). Lifestyle intervention was delivered by a trained community health worker over 12 months (5 one-one sessions, 4 group sessions, 13 telephone sessions) with the goal of the participants achieving a 7% reduction in body mass index and a 10-cm reduction in waist circumference through (i) improved diet and (ii) increased physical activity. Usual care comprised a single 30-min session of lifestyle modification advice from the community health worker. Results We screened 33,212 people for inclusion into the study. We identified 10,930 people who met study entry criteria, amongst whom 3682 agreed to take part in the intervention. Study participants are 49.2% female and aged 52.8 (SD 8.2) years. Clinical characteristics are well balanced between intervention and usual care sites. More than 90% of follow-up visits are scheduled to be complete in December 2020. Based on the follow-up to end 2019, the observed incidence of T2D in the study population is in line with expectations (6.1% per annum). Conclusion The iHealth-T2D study will advance understanding of strategies for the prevention of diabetes amongst South Asians, use approaches for screening and intervention that are adapted for low-resource settings. Our study will thus inform the implementation of strategies for improving the health and well-being of this major global ethnic group. IRB approval 16/WM/0171 Trial registration EudraCT 2016-001350-18. Registered on 14 April 2016. ClinicalTrials.govNCT02949739. Registered on 31 October 2016, First posted on 31/10/2016.

This article aims to evaluate the possible effect of obesity on quality of life, psychological status, and other clinical variables in Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). PsA patients have been recruited by the Turkish League Against Rheumatism-Network from various centers in Turkey in this cross-sectional study. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ? of 30 kg/m2 were considered obese. Differences among patients with regard to obesity status were assessed with health-related quality of life measures (PsA Quality of Life Questionnaire [PsAQoL]), psychological status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and disease activity parameters (the Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis [DAPSA], Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein [DAS28-CRP], Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI], Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI]), physical functions (Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index [BASFI], Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ], and Health Assessment Questionnaire for the spondyloarthropathies [HAQ-S]). Pain was assessed using visual analog scale of pain (VAS-P), and fatigue was evaluated using visual analog scale of fatigue (VAS-F) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT). A total of 1033 patients with PsA, 650 (62.9%) non-obese and 383 (37.1%) obese were included in the study. The PsAQoL, HADS-Anxiety, HADS-Depression, DAPSA, DAS28-CRP, BASDAI, BASFI, HAQ and HAQ-S scores of the obese group were higher than the non-obese group (p < 0.05). VAS-P and PASI scores were similar between group of patients with and without obesity. Obese patients had higher median scores of VAS-F and FACIT than non-obese patients (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that BMI affects the quality of life, depression, and disease activity. Consequently, obesity has significant associations with higher disease activity, lower QoL, risk of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Therefore, obesity should also be taken into account in the management of PsA patients. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Hypercholesterolemia is becoming a problem with increasing significance. Dietary vegetable oils may help to improve this condition due to presence of phytonutrients with potentially synergistic cholesterol-lowering effects. The objective of this 8-week double-blinded randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effects of consuming 30 g of two different blended cooking oils, rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and phytonutrients, or refined olive oil on the intestinal microbiota in 126 volunteers with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Multi-factor analysis of relationships between the gut microbiota composition at various taxonomic ranks and the clinical trial parameters revealed the association between beneficial effects of the dietary intervention on the blood lipid profile with abundance of Clostridia class of the gut microbiota. This microbiota feature was upregulated in the course of the dietary intervention and associated with various plasma markers of metabolic health status, such as Triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B and Total Cholesterol to HDL ratio in a beneficial way. The relative abundance of a single species—Clostridium leptum—highly increased during the dietary intervention in all the three study groups. The oil blend with the highest concentration of omega-3 PUFA is associated with faster and more robust responses of the intestinal microbiota, including elevation of alpha-diversity. Butyrate production is being discussed as a plausible process mediating the observed beneficial influence on the plasma lipid profile. Causal mediation analysis suggested that Clostridium genus rather than the higher rank of the phylogeny—Clostridia class—may be involved in the diet-induced improvements of the blood lipid profile.

Purpose: Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is an adipokine involving in apoptotic process during ovulation and energy metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and impaired oocyte maturation as well as apoptotic dysfunctions through oocyte development. Our aim was to determine whether there was an alteration in levels of SFRP4 and if there was an association between metabolic or hormonal parameters and SFRP4 in women with PCOS. Methods: We enrolled 80 subjects with PCOS and 80 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects with normal menstrual cycle into current case–control study. Metabolic and hormonal parameters of enrolled subjects were determined. Circulating SFRP4 levels were measured with ELISA method. Results: We found that circulating SFRP4 levels were elevated in women with PCOS with respect to controls (5.87 ± 1.91 vs. 3.72 ± 1.29 ng/ml, P < 0.001). We also found a positive association between SFRP4 and insulin resistance, androgens, ovarian follicular number or ovarian volume in women with PCOS. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with the highest tertile of SFPR4 levels displayed increased possibility of having PCOS risk compared to those subjects with the lowest tertile of SFRP4 levels. Conclusions: Increased SFRP4 levels were not only associated with higher possibility of having PCOS but also related to insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, ovarian follicular number and ovarian volume, suggesting that SFPR4 could be a player in different pathophysiologic pathways of PCOS. © 2019, Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).

Objectives: Nutritional obesity causes oxidant damage in the body and cataract formation in the lenses by increasing the formation of free radicals. Myrtus communis leaf extracts (Myr) have antioxidant properties, and apocynin (Apo) is an effective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor. The data on tissue boron levels are quite lacking. The aim of this novel study was to investigate the effects of Myr and Apo treatment on boron levels and oxidative lens damage in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, HFD group, HFD + Myr group, and HFD + Apo group. Body weight and blood lipids were determined before and after the experiment. After decapitating the rats, the lenses were removed and homogenized. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and boron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the lens homogenates were determined. Results: The HFD increased serum triglyceride (p

Type V-phosphodiesterase-inhibitors (PDE5i) are the first choice drugs in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), being effective in 60–70% of patients. However, approximately 50% of patients per year discontinue the treatment with PDE5i after reporting poor drug efficacy or major adverse drug reactions (ADR). To identify early markers of efficacy/safety for the treatment of ED with PDE5i, the basal clinical characteristics of patients, integrated with metabolomics analysis of serum and urine and genomic data, were here correlated with the PDE5i efficacy and the occurrence of ADR upon administration. Thirty-six males with new diagnosis of ED were consecutively recruited and characterized at baseline for anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, serum levels of thyroid/sex hormones and erectile function evaluated by IIEF-15 questionnaire. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was applied to genes involved in PDE5i pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Fasting metabolic profiles of serum and urine were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analysis. Patients were prescribed on-demand therapy with Sildenafil oro-dispersible film and followed-up after 3 months from recruitment. Baseline data were compared with IIEF-15 score at follow-up and with the occurrence of ADR recorded by a dedicated questionnaire. Twenty-eight patients were finally included in the analysis. Serum LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in those reporting ADR (143.3 ± 13.2 mg/dl ADR vs. 133.1 ± 12.4 mg/dl No ADR; p = 0.046). NGS data showed that specific variants of PDE11A and CYP2D7 genes were more represented in drug responders (both relative risk = 2.7 [0.9–5.1]; p = 0.04). NMR-based metabolomics showed the highest association between serum LDL-cholesterol metabolites and the occurrence of ADR (Hazard ratio = 17.5; p = 0.019). The association between lipid profile and the ADR pattern suggests major cues in the tailoring of ED therapy with PDE5i.

OBJECTIVE: There have been very few studies on the relationship between lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and obesity-related metabolic disorders in the pediatric age group. This study investigated the relationship between LUTD and metabolic disturbances in obese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four-hundred obese children (body mass index ? 95th percentile) were included in the present study. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS) questionnaire was administered and scores over 8.5 were considered to be reflective of LUTD. Subjects were stratified into two groups based on DVISS symptom scores - obese children with and without LUTD. The homeostasis assessment model was used to evaluate insulin resistance and the International Diabetes Federation criteria to identify metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Lower urinary tract dysfunction was detected in 19% of the study population. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of laboratory results. No statistically significant relationship was found between LUTD and the presence of metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance; however, a significant association was observed between LUTD and acanthosis nigricans. Regression analysis revealed that only the presence of acanthosis nigricans significantly increased the risk of lower urinary tract dysfunction by 1.75-fold (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of acanthosis nigricans in obese children may suggest the concurrent occurrence of lower urinary tract dysfunction and should be investigated accordingly. © 2020 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved.

Healthy Saanen goats (n=30) in periparturient period were used in the present study. Blood samples were collected 21, 14 and 7 days before parturition, at the time of birth and postpartum days 7, 14 and 21. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels were evaluated. During the study period, NEFA, SDH, CREA levels increased and CHOL and TG levels decreased at time of parturition. When the changes of parameters in prepartum and postpartum period were compared, the concentrations of NEFA, CHOL, GLU, TG, Ca were higher (p, OUAP(V)-2015/28, This work was supported by ULUDAG UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECTS UNIT (Grant no: OUAP(V)-2015/28).

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of macrophages in the vessel wall. Macrophages depend on their polarization to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Macrophages of the anti-inflammatory phenotype express high levels of CD163, a scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. CD163 can also bind to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TWEAK. Using ApoE-deficient or ApoE/CD163 double-deficient mice we aim to investigate the involvement of CD163 in atherosclerosis development and its capacity to neutralize the TWEAK actions. ApoE/CD163 double-deficient mice displayed a more unstable plaque phenotype characterized by an increased lipid and macrophage content, plaque size, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the absence of CD163 in M2-type macrophages-induced foam cell formation through upregulation of CD36 expression. Moreover, exogenous TWEAK administration increased atherosclerotic lesion size, lipids, and macrophages content in ApoE-/-/CD163-/- compared with ApoE-/-/CD163+/+ mice. Treatment with recombinant CD163 was able to neutralize the proatherogenic effects of TWEAK in ApoE/CD163 double-deficient mice. Recombinant CD163 abolished the pro-inflammatory actions of TWEAK on vascular smooth muscle cells, decreasing NF-kB activation, cytokines and metalloproteinases expression, and macrophages migration. In conclusion, CD163-expressing macrophages serve as a protective mechanism to prevent the deleterious effects of TWEAK on atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

Health behaviors and risk factors are independently related with cognitive function in older adults. This study aimed at examining the prevalence and relationship between cognitive function and a number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in older adults from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean National Health Survey. Data from 460 older adults (mean age 73.5 years old, 59.3% women) from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean Health Survey were analyzed. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of the following components: four behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and three factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose). Older adults were grouped into three categories according to their number of ideal CVH metrics: ideal (5-7 metrics), intermediate (3-4 metrics), and poor (0-2 metrics). Cognitive function was assessed by using the modified Mini-Mental Status Examination (mMMSE). Of the 460 participants, 2% had 0 ideal metrics, 11.3% had 1, 23.9% had 2, 32.2% had 3, 20.7% had 4, 9.6% had 5, 0.4% had 6, and 0% had 7. Cognitive function was greater in older adults who met the ideal smoking, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose criteria. Logistic regression analysis suggested that ideal physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.411 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.209-0.807) and smoking (OR = 0.429 95% CI, 0.095-0.941) behaviors reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. Moreover, compared with a poor profile (0-2 metrics), an intermediate (3-4 metrics) (OR = 0.221 95% CI, 0.024-0.911) and ideal CVH profile (5-7 metrics) (OR = 0.106 95% CI, 0.013-0.864) reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. We found that intermediate and ideal profiles were associated with a similarly low prevalence of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.

Background Adequate monitoring of patients using lithium is needed for optimal dosing and for early identification of patients with (potential) ADEs. The objective was to internationally assess how health care professionals monitor patients treated with lithium for bipolar disorder. Methods Using networks of various professional organizations, an anonymous online survey was conducted among health care professionals prescribing lithium. Target lithium serum levels and frequency of monitoring was assessed together with monitoring of physical and laboratory parameters. Reasons to and not to monitor and use of guidelines and institutional protocols, and local monitoring systems were investigated. Results The survey was completed by 117 health care professionals incorporating responses from twenty-four countries. All prescribers reported to monitor lithium serum levels on a regular basis, with varying target ranges. Almost all (> 97%) monitored thyroid and renal function before start and during maintenance treatment. Reported monitoring of other laboratory and physical parameters was variable. The majority of respondents (74%) used guidelines or institutional protocols for monitoring. In general, the prescriber was responsible for monitoring, had to request every monitoring parameter separately and only a minority of patients was automatically invited. Conclusions Lithium serum levels, renal and thyroid function were monitored by (almost) all physicians. However, there was considerable variation in other monitoring parameters. Our results help to understand why prescribers of lithium monitor patients and what their main reasons are not to monitor patients using lithium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40345-018-0120-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

La hipercolesterolemia familiar es una enfermedad genética que se caracteriza por niveles muy elevados de colesterol y lipoproteínas de baja densidad en suero, xantomas tendinosos y aterosclerosis prematura. La forma heterocigota es la más común; alcanza una prevalencia de aproximadamente 1 de cada 300 a 500 personas en el mundo, en tanto que la homocigota, autosómica dominante, es la forma más rara, con una prevalencia de 1 en 1 millón de personas. Esta se caracteriza por hipercolesterolemia severa, que conlleva enfermedad cardiovascular prematura y a menudo no responde al tratamiento tradicional por la falta de receptores para c-LDL funcionales. Los niveles de c-LDL pueden superar seis a diez veces los valores normales, en cuyo caso el trasplante de hígado se ha convertido en el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes que no responden a tratamientos farmacológicos de rutina. Se presentan dos casos con hipercolesterolemia familiar homocigota en jóvenes de 14 y 15 anos, ˜ con antecedente de trasplante de hígado y enfermedad coronaria severa en vasos principales (descendente anterior y coronaria derecha) a quienes se les hizo implante exitoso de stent liberador de medicamento.© 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiolog´ıa y Cirug´ıa Cardiovascular. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, ˜ S.L.U. Este es un art´ıculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterised by very high cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins serum levels, tendon xanthomas and premature atherosclerosis. Heterozygous form is the most common, with a prevalence of approximately 1 out of 300 to 500 people worldwide, whereas the homozygous, autosomal dominant, is the rarest form, with a prevalence of 1 out of 1 million people. It is characterised by severe hypercholesterolemia leading to premature cardiovascular disease, and it often does not respond to traditional therapy due to the lack of receptors for functional LDL-c. LDL-c levels can exceed between six and ten times the normal values, in which case liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients who do not respond to routine pharmacological therapies. This study presents two cases of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in young patients aged 14 and 15, with prior liver transplantation and severe coronary disease in major vessels (anterior descending artery and right coronary artery) who underwent successful implant of a drug-eluting stent. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular

Eighty-four subjects, premenopausal female patients (n=42, mean (SD) age: 26.4 (4.2) years) diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n=42, mean (SD) age: 27.6(3.4) years), were included in this study. Data on physical examination, anthropometric measurements and blood biochemistry analysis were recorded for each subject along with analysis for SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The relation of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism to PCOS status and insulin resistance was analysed via logistic regression analysis. Mean (SD) levels for BMI (28.5(6.5) vs.22.5 (4.9) kg/m(2), p

Background: In contrast to the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, there is no standard definition of MetS in pediatric populations. We aimed at assessing the differences in the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years using four different operational definitions for these age groups and at examining the associated variables. Methods: A total of 675 children and 1247 adolescents attending public schools in Bogota (54.4% girls; age range 9-17.9 years) were included. The prevalence of MetS was determined by the definitions provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and three published studies by Cook et al., de Ferranti et al., and Ford et al. In addition, we further examined the associations between each definition of MetS in the total sample and individual risk factors using binary logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, pubertal stage, weight status, and inflammation in all participants. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 0.3%, 6.3%, 7.8%, and 11.0% according to the definitions by IDF, Cook et al., Ford et al., and de Ferranti et al., respectively. The most prevalent components were low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, whereas the least prevalent components were higher waist circumference and hyperglycemia. Overall, the prevalence of MetS was higher in obese than in non-obese schoolchildren. Conclusions: MetS diagnoses in schoolchildren strongly depend on the definition chosen. These findings may be relevant to health promotion efforts for Colombian youth to develop prospective studies and to define which cut-offs are the best indicators of future morbidity. © Copyright 2016, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc..

Introduction: Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes mellitus which increasing urinary glucose excretion. With numerous controlled experimental studies of dapagliflozin, evaluation of real-life data after entry into clinical practice is an important condition. In our study, the effects of dapagliflozin (10 mg) on lipid profile were investigated retrospectively. Methods: A total of thirty-one type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1c level between 6,5% and 13%, aged 45 -80 years and whose body mass index higher than 20 kg/m(2) were enrolled to the study. Data before dapagliflozin treatment and three and six months results were recorded. Results: Dapagliflozin reduced HbA1c levels by 0,9% at 3 months and 0,79% at 6 months. Total cholesterol level decreased 17,6 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol level decreased 13,4 mg/dl and triglyceride level by 25.9mg/dl at the 6th months and it is observed that there is no serious side effect on the usage for 6 months. Conclusion: There are conflicting results about the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the lipid profile in the literature. According to our data, dapagliflozin has positive effects on lipid profile as weight and glycemic control and it is well tolerated. Therefore, dapagliflozin therapy is beneficial because of the positive change in lipid profile and weight loss in diabetic patients with overweight and hyperlipidemia.

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) as a potential intervention to reduce cardiovascular (CV) diseases.MethodsFive engines and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to May 2018. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling adult hypertensive or general populations that compared detected hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), overall mortality, stroke and other CV risk factors in those receiving LSSS versus regular salt were included. Effects were expressed as risk ratios or mean differences (MD) and their 95% CIs. Quality of evidence assessment followed GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology.Results21 RCTs (15 in hypertensive (n=2016), 2 in normotensive (n=163) and 4 in mixed populations (n=5224)) were evaluated. LSSS formulations were heterogeneous. Effects were similar across hypertensive, normotensive and mixed populations. LSSS decreased SBP (MD −7.81 mm Hg, 95% CI −9.47 to –6.15, pConclusionsLSSS significantly decreased SBP and DBP. There was no effect for detected hypertension, overall mortality and intermediate outcomes. Large, long-term RCTs are necessary to clarify salt substitute effects on clinical outcomes.

Background: Waist circumference has been suggested as predictor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents but it has not been compared with newly proposed anthropometric indexes. This study aimed to disclose the capacity of ten classic and novel anthropometric indexes to discriminate by the presence of MetS in this young population. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from eighteen schools in south-east Spain. Body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body adiposity index for paediatrics (BAIp), conicity index (C-Index), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body shape index (ABSI) were measured and calculated. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were created to determine the discriminatory capacity of these anthropometric parameters for MetS. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 7.0% for boys and 6.1% in girls. Participants with MetS had significantly higher levels of blood pressure and plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin. All anthropometric indexes were elevated in MetS individuals compared to the non-MetS group. AVI and WC showed the highest AUC values (0.83 for boys and 0.86 for girls). In contrast, according to ROC analyses, no anthropometric index was capable of discriminating the components of MetS (hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia and low-HDL levels), except for abdominal obesity. Conclusion: We suggest the use of WC and AVI, with the cut-off points presented herein, for the discrimination between adolescents with or without MetS., This work was supported by funds from Grant CEI2015‐MP‐BS23 from Campus of International Excellence CEIBioTic Granada and by funds from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2011‐23810). The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Objective Recent genome-wide association studies have established that polymorphisms within CDKN2B-AS1 of chr9p21.3 locus increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction. Common variants of CDKN2B-AS1 (including rs4977574 A>G and rs1333040 C>T) are determined to be directly associated with CADs in many populations worldwide and suggested biomarkers for the early detection of CAD. There is a lack of investigation for the association between CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574 A>G and rs1333040 C>T genetic modifiers and CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of these variants on susceptibility to developing CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population and their contribution to lipid metabolism. Methods Seventy-one patients with angiography-confirmed CAD were recruited to the CAD group, whereas 153 voluntary subjects without CAD symptoms were enrolled to the control group. Genotyping for the CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results There is no statistical significant association observed between rs4977574 and rs1333040 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and two studied groups [odds ratio (OR): 0.763, p=0.185, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.511-1.139 and OR: 1.060, p=0.802, 95% CI: 0.672-1.671, respectively]. However, rs2977574 G and rs1333040 T alleles-the risk alleles-were found to be associated with higher level of serum total cholesterol and lower level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the CAD group (p=0.019, p=0.006 and p=0.022, p=0.031, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study that establishes the effect of rs1333040 on lipid metabolism. Conclusion The presence of rs4977574 G and rs1333040 T alleles and interaction may exist as environmental factors associated with lipid metabolism and might be responsible for the development of CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population.

This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p &lt, 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p &lt, 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p &lt, 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del volumen de grasa visceral estimado por ecuación predictiva en un grupo de adultos de Bogotá, Colombia, además de evaluar la relación de la grasa visceral con factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 413 hombres voluntarios del sector educativo y automotriz de Bogotá, Colombia. El volumen de grasa visceral fue estimado por ecuación predictiva y los resultados fueron divididos por terciles de volumen de grasa visceral. Se midió: índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, razón cintura-estatura, índice de adiposidad corporal, tensión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media, colesterol total, triglicéridos, c-HDL, c-LDL y glucosa. Se calcularon los cocientes CT/c-HDL, c-LDL/c-HDL, TG/c-HDL e índice lipídico-metabólico. Resultados: La edad media de los evaluados fue 30,6 ± 11,8 (IC95% 29,4-31,7 anos) ˜ y la prevalencia de obesidad visceral fue de 34,6%. Los sujetos con menor valor de volumen de grasa visceral (tercil 1) presentaron mejores niveles de CT (terciles 1 a 3, 156,4, 168,6 y 202,0; p < 0,001 lineal), menor cociente TG/c-HDL (2,0, 2,8 y 5,2; p < 0,001 lineal), menor razón CT/cHDL (3,3, 3,8 y 4,7; p < 0,001 lineal), y un índice lipídico-metabólico más saludable (0,73, 0,44 y -0,68; p < 0,001 lineal). Los sujetos con mayor volumen de grasa visceral (tercil 2 y 3), presentaron correlación positiva y significativa con el peso corporal (r = 0,261), CC (r = 0,484), IAC (r = 0,188), RCE (r = 0,551), CT (r = 0,531), TG (r = 0,422), c-LDL (r = 0,389), c-LDL/c-HDL (r = 0,216), CT/c-HDL (r = 0,374) y TG/c-HDL (r = 0,393), p < 0,001. Conclusión: Se verificó una elevada prevalencia de obesidad visceral, y correlaciones positivas con factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedad cardiovascular. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular Objective To determine prevalence of visceral fat volume estimated by means of a predictive equation in an adult group in Bogota, Colombia, as well as to assess the relationship between visceral fact and risk factors associated to cardiovascular disease. Material and methods Cross-sectional study of 413 volunteer men working in the education and automotive sectors in Bogota, Colombia. Visceral fat volume was estimated with a predictive equation and results were divided into tertiles of visceral fat volume. The following values were measured: body mass index, waist circumference, wast-to-height ratio, body adiposity index, systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c and glucose. Following ratios were calculated: TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c and lipid and metabolic index. Results Participants’ average age was 30.6 ± 11.8 (CI 95%; 29.4-31.7 years) and prevalence of visceral obesity was of 34.6%. Individuals with a lower volume of visceral fat (tertile 1) showed better TC levels (tertiles 1 o 3, 156.4, 168.6 y 202.0; p < 0.001 linear), lower TG/HDL-c ratio (2.0, 2.8 y 5.2; p < 0.001 linear), lower TC/HDL-c ratio (3.3, 3.8 y 4.7; p < 0.001 linear) and a healthier lipid and metabolic index (0.73, 0.44 y -0.68;p < 0.001 linear). Participants with a higher volume of visceral fat (tertiles 2 and 3) showed a positive and significant correlation with body mass (r = 0.261), WC (r = 0.484), BAI (r = 0.188), WHR (r = 0.551), TC (r = 0.531), TG (r = 0.422), LDL-c (r = 0.389), LDL-c/HDL-c (r = 0.216), TC/HDL-c (r = 0.374) and TG/HDL-c (r = 0.393), p < 0.001. Conclusion A high prevalence of visceral obesity and a positive correlation with risk factors associated to cardiovascular disease were verified. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular

Background: There is evidence to suggest that postprandial lipemia are is linked to the impairment of endothelial function, which is characterized by an imbalance between the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) protocol on postprandial lipemia, vascular function and arterial stiffness in inactive adults after high-fat meal (HFM) ingestion. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 20 healthy, inactive adults (31.6 ± 7.1 years). Participants followed the two exercise protocols for 12 weeks. To induce a state of postprandial lipemia (PPL), all subjects received a HFM. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), normalized brachial artery FMD (nFMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides and glucose were also measured. Results: The effects of a HFM were evaluated in a fasted state and 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. A significant decrease in serum glucose between 0 min (fasted state) and 120 min postprandially was found in the HIT group (P= 0. 035). Likewise, FMD (%) was significantly different between the fasted state and 60 min after a HFM in the HIT group (P = 0.042). The total cholesterol response expressed as area under curve (AUC)(0–240) was lower following HIT than following MCT, but no significant differences were observed (8%, P > 0.05). Similarly, triglycerides AUC(0–240) was also lower after HIT compared with MCT, which trended towards significance (24%, P= 0.076). The AUC(0–240) for the glucose response was significantly lower following HIT than MCT (10%, P = 0.008). FMD and nFMD AUC(0–240) were significantly higher following HIT than following MCT (46.9%, P = 0.021 and 67.3%, P = 0.009, respectively). PWV AUC(0–240) did not differ following between the two exercise groups (2.3%, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Supervised exercise training mitigates endothelial dysfunction and glucose response induced by PPL. Exercise intensity plays an important role in these protective effects, and medium-term HIT may be more effective than MCT in reducing postprandial glucose levels and attenuating vascular impairment., This study as funded in part by the Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DN-BG001). We declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or appropriate data manipulation

The antinociceptive effects of the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) during chronic pain are well documented, but most of its possible side-effects remain poorly understood. In this work, we examine the impact of CORM- 2 treatment on the lipoprotein profile and two main atheroprotective functions attributed to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes while analyzing the effect of this drug on diabetic neuropathy. Streptozotocin (Stz)-induced diabetic mice treated with CORM-2 (Stz-CORM-2) or vehicle (Stz-vehicle) were used to evaluate the effect of this drug on the modulation of painful diabetic neuropathy using nociceptive behavioral tests. Plasma and tissue samples were used for chemical and functional analyses, as appropriate. Two main antiatherogenic properties of HDL, i.e., the ability of HDL to protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation and to promote reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages to the liver and feces in vivo (m-RCT), were also assessed. Stz-induced diabetic mice displayed hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and pain hypersensitivity. The administration of 10 mg/kg CORM-2 during five consecutive days inhibited allodynia and hyperalgesia and significantly ameliorated spinal cord markers (Cybb and Bdkrb1expression) of neuropathic pain in Stz mice, but it did not reduce the combined dyslipidemia shown in Stz-treated mice. Its administration to Stz-treated mice led to a significant increase in the plasma levels of cholesterol (*1.4-fold vs. Ctrl,*1.3- fold vs. Stz-vehicle; p < 0.05) and was attributed to significant elevations in both non-HDL (*1.8-fold vs. Ctrl;*1.6-fold vs. Stz-vehicle; p < 0.05) and HDL cholesterol (*1.3-fold vs. Ctrl,*1.2-fold vs. Stz-vehicle; p < 0.05). The increased HDL in plasma was not accompanied by a commensurate elevation in m-RCT in Stz-CORM-2 compared to Stz-vehicle mice; instead, it was worsened as revealed by decreased [3H]-tracer trafficking into the feces in vivo. Furthermore, the HDL-mediated protection against LDL oxidation ex vivo shown by the HDL isolated from Stz-CORM-2 mice did not differ from that obtained in Stz-vehicle mice. In conclusion, the antinociceptive effects produced by a high dose of CORM-2 were accompanied by antioxidative effects but were without favorable effects on the dyslipidemia manifested in diabetic mice. © 2018 Méndez-Lara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.