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1. Seroprotection against tetanus in southern Vietnam

Author

Thwaites, CL, Thanh, TT, Ny, NTH, Nguyet, LA, Nhat, NTD, Thuy, CT, Thanh, NTL, Dung, NT, Tan, LV, Campbell, J, Thai, PQ, Choisy, M, Boni, MF, and Network, OUCRU Sero-surveillance

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

Background:Ongoingtetanuscases and sporadic outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases associated with routine vaccination programmes remain problems in many low and middle-income countries, including Vietnam. With no human-to-human transmission ornatural immunity,tetanus antibodylevels indicate both individual risk of tetanus and gaps in vaccination programmes. Methods:To investigate gaps in immunity to tetanus in Vietnam, a country with a historically high level of tetanusvaccination coverage, tetanus antibodies were measure byELISAfrom samples selected from a long-term serum bank, established for the purposes of general-population seroepidemiological investigations in southern Vietnam. Samples were selected from 10 provinces, focussing on age-groups targeted by national vaccination programmes for infants and pregnant women (Expanded Programme on Immunization, EPI, and Maternal andNeonatal Tetanus, MNT). Results:Antibodies were measured from a total of 3864 samples. Highest tetanusantibody concentrationsoccurred in children under 4years old, over 90% of whom had protective levels. Approximately 70% of children aged 7–12years had protective antibody concentrations although there was variation among provinces. For infants and children, there were no significant differences in tetanus protection between males and females, but for adults aged 20–35years, in five of the ten provinces surveyed, protection against tetanus was higher in females (p Conclusion:Widespread immunity totetanus toxoidis seen in infants and young children consistent with the high coverage rates reported for diptheria tetanus toxoid andpertussis(DTP) in Vietnam. However, the lower antibody concentrations seen in older children and men suggest reduced immunity to tetanus in populations not targeted by EPI and MNT programmes.

Published
2023
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2. Aetiology and potential animal exposure in central nervous system infections in Vietnam

Author

Brindle, HE, Nadjm, B, Choisy, M, Thwaites, GE, van Doorn, HR, and Consortium, VIZIONS

Subjects
Ecology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract

An estimated 73% of emerging infections are zoonotic in origin, with animal contact and encroachment on their habitats increasing the risk of spill-over events. In Vietnam, close exposure to a wide range of animals and animal products can lead to acquisition of zoonotic pathogens, a number of which cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies show the aetiology of CNS infections remains unknown in around half of cases. We used samples and data from hospitalised patients with CNS infections, enrolled into the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections multicentre study, to determine the association between aetiology and animal contact including those in whom the cause was unknown. Among 933 patients, a pathogen or an antibody response to it was identified in 291 (31.2%, 95% CI 28.3–34.3%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis (n = 91 (9.8%, 8.0–11.9%)) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (n = 72 (7.7%, 6.1–9.7%)). Commonly reported animal contact included keeping, raising or handling (n = 364 (39.0%, 35.9–42.2%)) and handling, cooking or consuming raw meat, blood or viscera in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset (n = 371 (39.8%, 36.6–43.0%)), with the latter most commonly from pigs (n = 343 (36.9%, 33.8–40.1%). There was no association between an unknown aetiology and exposure to animals in a multivariate logistic regression. Further testing for unknown or undetected pathogens may increase diagnostic yield, however, given the high proportion of zoonotic pathogens and the presence of risk factors, increasing public awareness about zoonoses and preventive measures can be considered.

Published
2023

6. Context-Specific Impact Of Antimicrobial Stewardship On Antibiotic Use And Antibiotic Resistance In Hospitals In A Lower-Middle Income Country - Results From Implementation Study With A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Design In Vietnam

Author

Trang Quynh Le, Dung Tien Viet Vu, Quang Minh Le, Huyen Thi Thu Nguyen, Vinh Hai Vu, Duc Minh Chau, Em Thi Hoang Dung Vo, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen, Quan Anh Truong, Khanh Hong Nguyen, Hoa Nguyen Minh Le, Thomas Kesteman, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Deverick J. Anderson, Hugo C. Turner, Thach Ngoc Pham, Ben S. Cooper, Choisy Marc, H Rogier Van Doorn, and Huong Thi Lan Vu

Subjects
Antimicrobial stewardship, interrupted time series, controlled interrupted time series, hospital acquired isolates, low-middle income country, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

AIM: We aim to identify the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention, which includes pharmacist-led prospective audit with feedback, on hospital antibiotic use and resistance in two provincial-level general hospitals in Vietnam. BACKGROUND: Quality evidence on the impact of AMS is limited in Asia and often lacks of control group, resulting in biased outcomes. METHODS: We performed interrupted time-series (ITS) and controlled ITS (CITS) analyses to evaluate the impact of AMS intervention on antibiotic use in days of therapy per 1000 patient-days (DOT1000) and antibiotic non-susceptibility (NS) among hospital-acquired isolates. In each hospital, four wards received the intervention and four wards served as controls. Pre-intervention periods spanned from January 2019 to May 2020 (hospital 1) and June 2020 (hospital 2), followed by a 12-month post-intervention period (Figure 1). RESULTS: In hospital 1, a consistent significant reduction in average DOT1000 by 95.9 (CITS 95%CI [10.9, 180.8]) was observed; although both models showed inconsistent effects on slope. In hospital 2, DOT1000 showed inconsistent patterns on both level and slope. Both hospitals show inconsistent impact on AMR, particularly hospital 2 showed a reduction in average in antibiotic NS among Klebsiella spp. to ciprofloxacin, slopes in P. aeruginosa to carbapenem and ciprofloxacin. In contrast, hospital 1 have increasing level in Klebsiella spp. NS to carbapenems (Figure 2). CONCLUSIONS: The AMS impact varied between two hospitals, highlighting the context-specific implementation challenges and the need to monitor antibiotic use and resistance patterns over time to tailor interventions to the local context.

Published
2024
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7. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Author

Lazarus, J. V., Romero, D., Kopka, C. J., Karim, S. A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Almeida, G., Baptista-Leite, R., Barocas, J. A., Barreto, M. L., Bar-Yam, Y., Bassat, Q., Batista, C., Bazilian, M., Chiou, S. -T., del Rio, C., Dore, G. J., Gao, G. F., Gostin, L. O., Hellard, M., Jimenez, J. L., Kang, G., Lee, N., Maticic, M., Mckee, M., Nsanzimana, S., Oliu-Barton, M., Pradelski, B., Pyzik, O., Rabin, K., Raina, S., Rashid, S. F., Rathe, M., Saenz, R., Singh, S., Trock-Hempler, M., Villapol, S., Yap, P., Binagwaho, A., Kamarulzaman, A., El-Mohandes, A., Barreto, M., Abdulla, S., Addleman, S., Aghayeva, G., Agius, R., Ahmed, M., Ramy, M. A., Aide, P., Aleman, S., Alfred, J. -P., Ali, S., Aliaga, J., Aloudat, T., Alqahtani, S. A., Al-Salman, J., Amuasi, J. H., Agrawal, A., Anwar, W., Araujo-Jorge, T., Artaza, O., Asadi, L., Awuku, Y., Baker, M., Barberia, L., Bascolo, E., Belcher, P., Bell, L., Benzaken, A., Bergholtz, E., Bhadelia, N., Bhan, A., Bilodeau, S., Bitran, R., Bluyssen, P., Bosman, A., Bozza, F. A., Brinkmann, M. M., Brown, A., Mellado, B., Bukusi, E., Bullen, C., Buonanno, G., Burgess, R., Butler, M., Byakika-Kibwika, P., Cabieses, B., Carlsson, G., Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, C., Chakroun, M., Cheng, K. K., Chetty, A., Chumachenko, D., Consalves, G., Conway Morris, A., Cordie, A., Corrah, T., Crabtree-Ramirez, B., Dashdorj, N., Davidovitch, N., de Souza, L. E., Dhariwal, A. C., Druica, E., Ergonul, O., Erondu, N. A., Essar, M. Y., Ewing, A., Fanjul, G., Feierstein, D., Feigl-Ding, E., Figueroa, R., Figueroa, J. P., Fisher, D., Flores, W., Forero-Pena, D. A., Frumkin, H., Gamkrelidze, A., Gandhi, M., Garcia, P., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Sastre, A., Garg, S., Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. A., Gershenson, C., Gilada, I., Giovanella, L., Gonzalez, M., Green, M. S., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, P., Griffin, S., Grinsztejn, B., Anand, T., Guerra, G., Guinto, R., Gujski, M., Guner, R., Hamdy, A., Hancean, M. -G., Haniffa, A., Hartigan-Go, K. Y., Hassan, H. K., Hay, S. I., Heino, M. T. J., Hel, Z., Hotez, P., Hu, J., Hukic, M., Ijsselmuiden, C., Iroko, D., Iskarous, M., Izugbara, C., Jacobs, C., Jadad, A. R., Jehan, F., Jordan, A., Jroundi, I., Kain, K., Kamberi, F., Karamov, E., Karan, A., Katz, R., Katzourakis, A., Kazembe, A., Khamis, F., Khamzayev, K., Khanyola, J., Khunti, K., Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Kim, W. J., Kirenga, B. J., Klimovsky, D., Kmush, B. L., Knaul, F., Kogevinas, M., Kristensen, F., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kvalsvig, A., Lacerda, M. V., Lal, A., Lawton, T., Lemery, J., Leonardi, A. J., Li, Y., Lottvall, J., Lounis, M., Maceira, D., Macintyre, C. R., Madani, A., Magiorkinis, G., Malekzadeh, R., Choisy, M., Marcelin, J. R., Marks, G. B., Marr, L., Marrazzo, J., Martina, A., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Mateos, C., Mayxay, M., Mazarati, J. B., Mboup, S., Mcdonald, J., Mcmillan, F., Mechili, E., Medici, A., Davis, S. L. M., Meier, P., Memish, Z. A., Menon, J., Menon, P., Mesiano-Crookston, J., Michie, S., Mikolasevic, I., Milicevic, O., Mishra, A. K., Mohamed, R., Mokdad, A. H., Monroy-Valle, M., Morawska, L., Moschos, S. A., Motawea, K., Mousavi, S. H., Mumtaz, G., Munene, P. K., Munoz Almagro, C., Muriuki, J., Muyingo, S., Naniche, D., Naylor, C. D., Ndembi, N., Nemec, J., Nesteruk, I., Ngaruiya, C., Nguyen, H., Nikolova, D., Nitzan, D., Norheim, O., Noushad, M., Ntoumi, F., Nyborg, G. A., Ochodo, E., Odabasi, Z., Okwen, M. P., Olivia, K., Ong, D. S. Y., Opara, I., Orozco, M., Oshitani, H., Pagel, C., Pai, M., Palsdottir, B., Papatheodoridis, G., Paraskevis, D., Leigh, J. P., Pecoul, B., Peichl, A., Perez-Then, E., Duc, P. P., Philippe, C., Pineda Rojas, A., Pladsen, C., Pozniak, A., Quiroga, R., Qureshi, H., Rampal, S., Ranney, M., Rathe, L., Ratzan, S., Raventos, H., Rees, H., Reis, R., Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, N., Robalo, M., Robertson, E., Robinson, L., Rokx, C., Ros, T., Rottingen, J. -A., Rubin, M., Ruxrungtam, K., Sadirova, S., Saha, S., Salgado, N., Sanchez, L., Sangaramoorthy, T., Santamaria-Ulloa, C., Santos, R., Sawaf, B., Schneider, M. F., Schooley, R. T., Sener, A., Sepulveda, J., Shah, J., Shibani, M., Shoib, S., Sikazwe, I., Simaitis, A., Gill, A. S., Skhvitaridze, N., Sokolovic, M., Solomon, R., Solorzano, X., Springer, S. A., Srol, J., Staines, A., Stelfox, H. T., Strathdee, S., Sulaiman, L. H., Sutton, B., Svanaes, D., Swed, S., Sypsa, V., Sorensen, K., Tajudeen, R., Tan, A., Tang, J., Tanner, M., Sethi, T., Temmerman, M., Than, K. K., Tinto, H., Tometissi, S. P., Torres, I., Tshering, K. P., Tsiodras, S., Tsofa, B., Vahlne, A., Vargas, J. R., Bernal, I. D. V., Ventura, D., Vilasanjuan, R., Vipond, J., Wamala-Andersson, S., Wargocki, P., West, R., Weyand, A., White, T. M., Wolff, G., Yao, M., Yates, C. A., Yeboah, G., Yee-Sin, L., Yi, S., Teo, Y. -Y., Yong, P., Zamora-Mesia, V., Ovrehus, A., Cascini F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6499-0734), Ricciardi W. (ORCID:0000-0002-5655-688X), Lazarus, J. V., Romero, D., Kopka, C. J., Karim, S. A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Almeida, G., Baptista-Leite, R., Barocas, J. A., Barreto, M. L., Bar-Yam, Y., Bassat, Q., Batista, C., Bazilian, M., Chiou, S. -T., del Rio, C., Dore, G. J., Gao, G. F., Gostin, L. O., Hellard, M., Jimenez, J. L., Kang, G., Lee, N., Maticic, M., Mckee, M., Nsanzimana, S., Oliu-Barton, M., Pradelski, B., Pyzik, O., Rabin, K., Raina, S., Rashid, S. F., Rathe, M., Saenz, R., Singh, S., Trock-Hempler, M., Villapol, S., Yap, P., Binagwaho, A., Kamarulzaman, A., El-Mohandes, A., Barreto, M., Abdulla, S., Addleman, S., Aghayeva, G., Agius, R., Ahmed, M., Ramy, M. A., Aide, P., Aleman, S., Alfred, J. -P., Ali, S., Aliaga, J., Aloudat, T., Alqahtani, S. A., Al-Salman, J., Amuasi, J. H., Agrawal, A., Anwar, W., Araujo-Jorge, T., Artaza, O., Asadi, L., Awuku, Y., Baker, M., Barberia, L., Bascolo, E., Belcher, P., Bell, L., Benzaken, A., Bergholtz, E., Bhadelia, N., Bhan, A., Bilodeau, S., Bitran, R., Bluyssen, P., Bosman, A., Bozza, F. A., Brinkmann, M. M., Brown, A., Mellado, B., Bukusi, E., Bullen, C., Buonanno, G., Burgess, R., Butler, M., Byakika-Kibwika, P., Cabieses, B., Carlsson, G., Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, C., Chakroun, M., Cheng, K. K., Chetty, A., Chumachenko, D., Consalves, G., Conway Morris, A., Cordie, A., Corrah, T., Crabtree-Ramirez, B., Dashdorj, N., Davidovitch, N., de Souza, L. E., Dhariwal, A. C., Druica, E., Ergonul, O., Erondu, N. A., Essar, M. Y., Ewing, A., Fanjul, G., Feierstein, D., Feigl-Ding, E., Figueroa, R., Figueroa, J. P., Fisher, D., Flores, W., Forero-Pena, D. A., Frumkin, H., Gamkrelidze, A., Gandhi, M., Garcia, P., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Sastre, A., Garg, S., Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. A., Gershenson, C., Gilada, I., Giovanella, L., Gonzalez, M., Green, M. S., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, P., Griffin, S., Grinsztejn, B., Anand, T., Guerra, G., Guinto, R., Gujski, M., Guner, R., Hamdy, A., Hancean, M. -G., Haniffa, A., Hartigan-Go, K. Y., Hassan, H. K., Hay, S. I., Heino, M. T. J., Hel, Z., Hotez, P., Hu, J., Hukic, M., Ijsselmuiden, C., Iroko, D., Iskarous, M., Izugbara, C., Jacobs, C., Jadad, A. R., Jehan, F., Jordan, A., Jroundi, I., Kain, K., Kamberi, F., Karamov, E., Karan, A., Katz, R., Katzourakis, A., Kazembe, A., Khamis, F., Khamzayev, K., Khanyola, J., Khunti, K., Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Kim, W. J., Kirenga, B. J., Klimovsky, D., Kmush, B. L., Knaul, F., Kogevinas, M., Kristensen, F., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kvalsvig, A., Lacerda, M. V., Lal, A., Lawton, T., Lemery, J., Leonardi, A. J., Li, Y., Lottvall, J., Lounis, M., Maceira, D., Macintyre, C. R., Madani, A., Magiorkinis, G., Malekzadeh, R., Choisy, M., Marcelin, J. R., Marks, G. B., Marr, L., Marrazzo, J., Martina, A., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Mateos, C., Mayxay, M., Mazarati, J. B., Mboup, S., Mcdonald, J., Mcmillan, F., Mechili, E., Medici, A., Davis, S. L. M., Meier, P., Memish, Z. A., Menon, J., Menon, P., Mesiano-Crookston, J., Michie, S., Mikolasevic, I., Milicevic, O., Mishra, A. K., Mohamed, R., Mokdad, A. H., Monroy-Valle, M., Morawska, L., Moschos, S. A., Motawea, K., Mousavi, S. H., Mumtaz, G., Munene, P. K., Munoz Almagro, C., Muriuki, J., Muyingo, S., Naniche, D., Naylor, C. D., Ndembi, N., Nemec, J., Nesteruk, I., Ngaruiya, C., Nguyen, H., Nikolova, D., Nitzan, D., Norheim, O., Noushad, M., Ntoumi, F., Nyborg, G. A., Ochodo, E., Odabasi, Z., Okwen, M. P., Olivia, K., Ong, D. S. Y., Opara, I., Orozco, M., Oshitani, H., Pagel, C., Pai, M., Palsdottir, B., Papatheodoridis, G., Paraskevis, D., Leigh, J. P., Pecoul, B., Peichl, A., Perez-Then, E., Duc, P. P., Philippe, C., Pineda Rojas, A., Pladsen, C., Pozniak, A., Quiroga, R., Qureshi, H., Rampal, S., Ranney, M., Rathe, L., Ratzan, S., Raventos, H., Rees, H., Reis, R., Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, N., Robalo, M., Robertson, E., Robinson, L., Rokx, C., Ros, T., Rottingen, J. -A., Rubin, M., Ruxrungtam, K., Sadirova, S., Saha, S., Salgado, N., Sanchez, L., Sangaramoorthy, T., Santamaria-Ulloa, C., Santos, R., Sawaf, B., Schneider, M. F., Schooley, R. T., Sener, A., Sepulveda, J., Shah, J., Shibani, M., Shoib, S., Sikazwe, I., Simaitis, A., Gill, A. S., Skhvitaridze, N., Sokolovic, M., Solomon, R., Solorzano, X., Springer, S. A., Srol, J., Staines, A., Stelfox, H. T., Strathdee, S., Sulaiman, L. H., Sutton, B., Svanaes, D., Swed, S., Sypsa, V., Sorensen, K., Tajudeen, R., Tan, A., Tang, J., Tanner, M., Sethi, T., Temmerman, M., Than, K. K., Tinto, H., Tometissi, S. P., Torres, I., Tshering, K. P., Tsiodras, S., Tsofa, B., Vahlne, A., Vargas, J. R., Bernal, I. D. V., Ventura, D., Vilasanjuan, R., Vipond, J., Wamala-Andersson, S., Wargocki, P., West, R., Weyand, A., White, T. M., Wolff, G., Yao, M., Yates, C. A., Yeboah, G., Yee-Sin, L., Yi, S., Teo, Y. -Y., Yong, P., Zamora-Mesia, V., Ovrehus, A., Cascini F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6499-0734), and Ricciardi W. (ORCID:0000-0002-5655-688X)

Abstract

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Published
2022

10. Assessing antimicrobial misuse in small-scale chicken farms in Vietnam from an observational study

Author

Choisy, M, Van Cuong, N, Bao, T, Kiet, B, Hien, B, Thu, H, Chansiripornchai, N, Setyawan, E, Thwaites, G, Rushton, J, Carrique-Mas, J, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Hanoi] (OUCRU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
Chicken farm, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Bayes model, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Bayes Theorem, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Low-and middle-income country, naïve Bayes model, Anti-Infective Agents, Drug Misuse, Vietnam, Low- and middle-income country, naive, Animals, lcsh:SF600-1100, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Antimicrobial usage, Chickens, Poultry Diseases, Research Article
Abstract

Background Antimicrobials are used by poultry farmers in Vietnam as a tool to treat and prevent infectious diseases. We aimed to determine the fraction of disease episodes likely to remain untreated due to the administration of antimicrobials on non-susceptible pathogens in chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Weekly data on antimicrobial use and clinical signs were collected from 88 randomly chosen chicken flocks over 124 full production cycles (i.e. time between restocking flocks with day-old chicks and sale for slaughter). A naïve Bayes model was trained to infer the probabilities of disease episodes having been caused by each of 24 pathogens, given the observed clinical sign profile, and expert knowledge on their relative incidence. Results A total of 224 disease episodes were observed, of which 44.8% were attributed to viruses (95% CI 31.1–58.4%), 54.6% (CI 40.4–68.7%) to bacteria, and 0.6% (CI 0–1.7%) to a protozoan (Eimeria spp.). Antimicrobials were more frequently administered on weeks with disease than on weeks without disease (43.3% vs. 17.8%; p

Published
2019
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11. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from 13 hospitals in Viet Nam: VINARES 2016-2017

Author

Vu, T.V.D., Choisy, M., Do, T.T.N., Nguyen, V.M.H., Campbell, J.I., Le, T.H., Nguyen, V.T., Wertheim, H.F.L., Pham, N.T., Nguyen, V.K., Doorn, H.R. van, Vu, T.V.D., Choisy, M., Do, T.T.N., Nguyen, V.M.H., Campbell, J.I., Le, T.H., Nguyen, V.T., Wertheim, H.F.L., Pham, N.T., Nguyen, V.K., and Doorn, H.R. van

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 238197.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: To analyse data from 2016-17 from a hospital-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance with national coverage in a network of hospitals Viet Nam. METHODS: We analysed data from 13 hospitals, 3 less than the dataset from the 2012-13 period. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing data from the clinical microbiology laboratories from samples sent in for routine diagnostics were used. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing interpretation. WHONET was used for data entry, management and analysis. RESULTS: 42,553 deduplicated isolates were included in this analysis; including 30,222 (71%) Gram-negative and 12,331 (29%) Gram-positive bacteria. 8,793 (21%) were from ICUs and 7,439 (18%) isolates were from invasive infections. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently detected species with 9,092 (21%) and 4,833 isolates (11%), respectively; followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3,858 isolates - 9.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (3,870 isolates - 9%). Bacteria were mainly isolated from sputum (8,798 isolates - 21%), blood (7,118 isolates - 17%) and urine (5,202 isolates - 12%). Among Gram-positives 3,302/4,515 isolates (73%) of S. aureus were MRSA; 99/290 (34%) of Enterococcus faecium were resistant to vancomycin; and 58% (663/1,136) of Streptococcus pneumoniae proportion were reduced susceptible to penicillin. Among Gram-negatives 59% (4,085/6,953) and 40% (1,186/2,958) of E. coli and K. pneumoniae produced ESBL and 29% (376/1,298) and 11% (961/8,830) were resistant to carbapenems, respectively. 79% (2855/3622) and 45% (1,514/3,376) of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carbapenem resistant, respectively. 88% (804/911) of Haemophilus influenzae were ampicillin resistant and 18/253 (7%) of Salmonella spp. and 7/46 (15%) of Shigella spp. were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The number of isolates from which data were submitted in the 2016-2

Published
2021

12. Les vaccins des papillomavirus humains Leur place dans la prévention du cancer du col utérin

Author

Bégué, Pierre, Henrion, Roger, Blanc, Bernard, Girard, Marc, Sancho-Garnier, Hélène, Brugère-Picoux, M.<ce:sup loc='post">me</ce:sup>, Bastin, M.M., Bégué, Buisson, Darnis, Denis, Euzéby, Frottier, German, Laverdant, Le Minor, Parodi, Pène, Pilet, Rérat, Rochemaure, Tiollais, Vayre, Choisy, M.<ce:sup loc='post">me</ce:sup>, Armengaud, M.M., Bastide, Bazin, Berche, Bertrand, E., Bricaire, Chastel, Dumas, Durand, Girard, Leclerc, Léophonte, Michel-Briand, Péchère, Petithory, Rey, Richard-Lenoble, Rodhain, Sansonetti, Arsac, M.M., Bazex, Gentilini, Henrion, Béani, M.M., Taranger-Charpin, M.<ce:sup loc='post">me</ce:sup>, Aurengo, M.M., de Thé, B., Couturier, Moreaux, Rochefort, Tubiana, Dejean-assemat, M.<ce:sup loc='post">mes</ce:sup>, Sancho-Garnier, Fiet, M.M., Jeanteur, Leverger, Masse, Nordlinger, Rico, Rouëssé, Schaison, Armangaud, M.M., Dubois, G., De Thé, M.M. B., Labigne, M.<ce:sup loc='post">mes</ce:sup>, Raphaël, Gessain, M.M., Nicolas, Orth, and Pol

Published
2007
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16. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic consumption results from 16 hospitals in Viet Nam: The VINARES project 2012-2013

Author

Vu, T, Do, T, Rydell, U, Nilsson, L, Olson, L, Larsson, M, Hanberger, H, Choisy, M, Dao, T, Van Doorn, H, Nguyen, V, Wertheim, H, and Consortium, Vinares

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter, Bacteria, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Hospitals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vietnam, Klebsiella, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Humans
Abstract

Objective : To establish a hospital-based surveillance network with national coverage for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic consumption in Viet Nam. Methods : A 16-hospital network (Viet Nam Resistance: VINARES) was established and consisted of national and provincial-level hospitals across the country. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from routine clinical diagnostic specimens and antibiotic consumption data in Defined Daily Dose per 1000 bed days (DDD/1000 patient-days) were prospectively collected and analysed between October 2012 and September 2013. Results : Data from a total of 24 732 de-duplicated clinical isolates were reported. The most common bacteria were: Escherichia coli (4437 isolates, 18%), Klebsiella spp. (3290 isolates, 13%) and Acinetobacter spp. (2895 isolates, 12%). The hospital average antibiotic consumption was 918 DDD/1000 patient-days. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic class (223 DDD/1000 patient-days, 24%), followed by fluoroquinolones (151 DDD/1000 patient-days, 16%) and second-generation cephalosporins (112 DDD/1000 patient-days, 12%). Proportions of antibiotic resistance were high: 1098/1580 (69%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA); 115/344 isolates (33%) and 90/358 (25%) Streptococcus pneumoniae had reduced susceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively. A total of 180/2977 (6%) E. coli and 242/1526 (16%) Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to imipenem, respectively; 602/1826 (33%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to ceftazidime and 578/1765 (33%) to imipenem. Of Acinetobacter spp. 1495/2138 (70%) were resistant to carbapenems and 2/333 (1%) to colistin. Conclusions : These data are valuable in providing a baseline for AMR among common bacterial pathogens in Vietnamese hospitals and to assess the impact of interventions.

Published
2019

17. High-resolution monitoring o f antimicrobial consumption in Vietnamese small-scale chicken farms highlights discrepancies between study metrics

Author

Cuong, N, Phu, D, Van, N, Truong, B, Kiet, B, Hien, B, Thu, H, Choisy, M, Padungtod, P, Thwaites, G, Carrique-Mas, J, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
metrics, small-scale farms, General Veterinary, Vietnam, chicken, Veterinary Science, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, antimicrobial use, quantification, Original Research
Abstract

International audience; Chicken is, among farmed species, the target of the highest levels of antimicrobial use (AMU). There are considerable knowledge gaps on how and when antimicrobials are used in commercial small-scale chicken farms. These shortcomings arise from cross-sectional study designs and poor record keeping practiced by many such farmers. Furthermore, there is a large diversity of AMU metrics, and it is not clear how these metrics relate to each other. We performed a longitudinal study on a cohort of small-scale chicken farms (n = 102) in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), an area regarded as a hotspot of AMU, from October 2016 to May 2018. We collected data on all medicine products administered to 203 flocks with the following aims: (1) to describe types and quantities of antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) used; (2) to describe critical time points of AMU; and (3) to compare AMU using three quantitative metrics: (a) weight of AAIs related to bird weight at the time of treatment (mg/kg at treatment); (b) weight of AAIs related to weight of birds sold (mg/kg sold); and (c) “treatment incidence” (TI), or the number of daily doses per kilogram of live chicken [Vietnamese animal daily dose (ADDvetVN)] per 1,000 days. Antimicrobials contained in commercial feed, administered by injection (n = N = 6), or antimicrobials for human medicine (n = N = 16) were excluded. A total of 236 products were identified, containing 42 different AAIs. A total of 76.2% products contained AAIs of “critical importance” according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On average, chickens consumed 791.8 (SEM ±16.7) mg/kg at treatment, 323.4 (SEM ±11.3) mg/kg sold, and the TI was 382.6 (SEM ±5.5) per 1,000 days. AMU was more common early in the production cycle and was highly skewed, with the upper 25% quantile of flocks accounting for 60.7% of total AMU. The observed discrepancies between weight- and dose-based metrics were explained by differences in the strength of AAIs, mortality levels, and the timing of administration. Results suggest that in small-scale chicken production, AMU reduction efforts should preferentially target the early (brooding) period, which is when birds are most likely to be exposed to antimicrobials, whilst restricting access to antimicrobials of critical importance for human medicine.

Published
2019
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18. Sero-Prevalence Surveillance to Predict Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks; A Lesson from the 2014 Measles Epidemic in Northern Vietnam

Author

Choisy, M, Trinh, S, Nguyen, T, Mai, Q, Pham, Q, Tran, N, Dang, D, Horby, P, Boni, M, Bryant, J, Lewycka, S, Nadjm, B, Van Doorn, H, Wertheim, H, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Hanoi] (OUCRU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut National d'Hygiène et d'Épidémiologie de Hanoi (NIHE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain ((grant number 106680/Z/14/Z to M.C., S.O.L., B.N., and H.R.v.D.)., and University of Oxford

Subjects
lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], seroprevalence, Vietnam, Major Article, measles, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, vaccination
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 203048.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Background: During the first half of 2014, a severe outbreak of measles occurred in northern Vietnam, causing 15 033 confirmed cases and 146 deaths. Methods: To evaluate the population-level seroprevalence of protection against measles in the period before the outbreak, we made use of an existing age-stratified serum bank, collected over the year before the outbreak, between November 2012 and December 2013, from 4 sites across the country (Hanoi, Hue, Dak Lak, and Ho Chi Minh City). Data from the UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Clustered Surveys (MICS), carried out in Vietnam during the first quarter of 2014, were used to assess the vaccine coverage in 6 ecological regions of Vietnam. Results: Results revealed a large discrepancy between levels of protection, as estimated from the serology and vaccine coverage estimated by UNICEF's MICS. Variation in seroprevalence across locations and age groups corresponded with reported numbers of measles cases, most of which were among the 0-2-year-old age group and in the northern part of the country. Conclusions: Our study presents a strong case in favor of a serosurveillance sentinel network that could be used to proactively tune vaccination policies and other public health interventions.

Published
2019
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19. Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another

Author

Abbate, JL, Ezenwa, VO, Guégan, J-F, Choisy, M, Nacher, M, Roche, B, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Georgia [USA], Department of Infectious Diseases [Athens, GA, USA] (Odum School of Ecology), University of Georgia [USA]-College of Veterinary Medicine [Athens, GA, USA], Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), This study is a contribution of the ANR JC project `STORY', granted to BR and supporting JLA. MN, JFG and BR are supported by `an Investissement d'Avenir' grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA ANR-10-LABX- 2501). VOE received support from a US FulbrightScholar Award., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)

Subjects
Adult, Male, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria, Cerebral, Young Adult, Helminths, parasitic diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Parasitic Diseases, Animals, Humans, Trichuriasis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Protozoans, Ascariasis, Coinfection, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Organisms, Malarial Parasites, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, lcsh:RA1-1270, Tropical Diseases, Invertebrates, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, Species Interactions, Trichuris, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Helminth Infections, Co-Infections, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cerebral Malaria, Research Article
Abstract

Multi-species interactions can often have non-intuitive consequences. However, the study of parasite interactions has rarely gone beyond the effects of pairwise combinations of species, and the outcomes of multi-parasite interactions are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of co-infection by four gastrointestinal helminth species on the development of cerebral malaria among Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients. We characterized associations among the helminth parasite infra-community, and then tested for independent (direct) and co-infection dependent (indirect) effects of helminths on cerebral malaria risk. We found that infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were both associated with direct reductions in cerebral malaria risk. However, the benefit of T. trichiura infection was halved in the presence of hookworm, revealing a strong indirect effect. Our study suggests that the outcome of interactions between two parasite species can be significantly modified by a third, emphasizing the critical role that parasite community interactions play in shaping infection outcomes., Author summary Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have shown that co-infected individuals can show strikingly different disease symptoms than singly infected individuals. Among these studies, the potential protective effect of some helminth species on malaria severity has attracted considerable attention because of the possible public health impact. However, despite the fact that helminth species frequently co-occur together within an individual, no studies have investigated the role of within-host helminth community interactions on malaria severity. Taking the advantage of a cohort study in Thailand, we found that infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were both associated with direct reductions in cerebral malaria risk. However, the benefit of T. trichiura infection was halved in the presence of hookworm, revealing that interactions among helminth species can jeopardize the beneficial role of individual helminths. Our study shows that the outcome of interactions between two parasite species can be significantly modified by a third, emphasizing the critical role that parasite community interactions play in shaping infection outcomes and their impact on public health. These insights are especially relevant for neglected tropical diseases that occur in areas of high pathogen diversity.

Published
2018
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20. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic consumption results from 16 hospitals in Viet Nam: The VINARES project 2012-2013.

Author

Vu, T.V.D., Do, T.T.N., Rydell, U., Nilsson, L.E., Olson, L., Larsson, M., Hanberger, H., Choisy, M., Dao, T.T., Doorn, H.R. van, Nguyen, V.K., Nguyen, V.T., Wertheim, H.F.L., Vu, T.V.D., Do, T.T.N., Rydell, U., Nilsson, L.E., Olson, L., Larsson, M., Hanberger, H., Choisy, M., Dao, T.T., Doorn, H.R. van, Nguyen, V.K., Nguyen, V.T., and Wertheim, H.F.L.

Abstract

1 september 2019, Contains fulltext : 208770.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: To establish a hospital-based surveillance network with national coverage for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic consumption in Viet Nam. METHODS: A 16-hospital network (Viet Nam Resistance: VINARES) was established and consisted of national and provincial-level hospitals across the country. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from routine clinical diagnostic specimens and antibiotic consumption data in Defined Daily Dose per 1000 bed days (DDD/1000 patient-days) were prospectively collected and analysed between October 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS: Data from a total of 24 732 de-duplicated clinical isolates were reported. The most common bacteria were: Escherichia coli (4437 isolates, 18%), Klebsiella spp. (3290 isolates, 13%) and Acinetobacter spp. (2895 isolates, 12%). The hospital average antibiotic consumption was 918 DDD/1000 patient-days. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic class (223 DDD/1000 patient-days, 24%), followed by fluoroquinolones (151 DDD/1000 patient-days, 16%) and second-generation cephalosporins (112 DDD/1000 patient-days, 12%). Proportions of antibiotic resistance were high: 1098/1580 (69%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA); 115/344 isolates (33%) and 90/358 (25%) Streptococcus pneumoniae had reduced susceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively. A total of 180/2977 (6%) E. coli and 242/1526 (16%) Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to imipenem, respectively; 602/1826 (33%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to ceftazidime and 578/1765 (33%) to imipenem. Of Acinetobacter spp. 1495/2138 (70%) were resistant to carbapenems and 2/333 (1%) to colistin. CONCLUSIONS: These data are valuable in providing a baseline for AMR among common bacterial pathogens in Vietnamese hospitals and to assess the impact of interventions.

Published
2019

21. Sero-Prevalence Surveillance to Predict Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks; A Lesson from the 2014 Measles Epidemic in Northern Vietnam

Author

Choisy, M., Trinh, Stephanie, Nguyen, T.N.D., Nguyen, Thoa T., Mai, Q.L., Pham, Q.T., Tran, N.D., Dang, D.A., Horby, P.W., Boni, M.F., Bryant, J.E., Lewycka, S.O., Nadjm, B., Doorn, H.R. van, Wertheim, H.F.L., Choisy, M., Trinh, Stephanie, Nguyen, T.N.D., Nguyen, Thoa T., Mai, Q.L., Pham, Q.T., Tran, N.D., Dang, D.A., Horby, P.W., Boni, M.F., Bryant, J.E., Lewycka, S.O., Nadjm, B., Doorn, H.R. van, and Wertheim, H.F.L.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 203048.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Background: During the first half of 2014, a severe outbreak of measles occurred in northern Vietnam, causing 15 033 confirmed cases and 146 deaths. Methods: To evaluate the population-level seroprevalence of protection against measles in the period before the outbreak, we made use of an existing age-stratified serum bank, collected over the year before the outbreak, between November 2012 and December 2013, from 4 sites across the country (Hanoi, Hue, Dak Lak, and Ho Chi Minh City). Data from the UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Clustered Surveys (MICS), carried out in Vietnam during the first quarter of 2014, were used to assess the vaccine coverage in 6 ecological regions of Vietnam. Results: Results revealed a large discrepancy between levels of protection, as estimated from the serology and vaccine coverage estimated by UNICEF's MICS. Variation in seroprevalence across locations and age groups corresponded with reported numbers of measles cases, most of which were among the 0-2-year-old age group and in the northern part of the country. Conclusions: Our study presents a strong case in favor of a serosurveillance sentinel network that could be used to proactively tune vaccination policies and other public health interventions.

Published
2019

22. Transmission traits of malaria parasites within the mosquito: Genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and consequences for control

Author

Lefevre, T, Ohm, J, Dabiré, KR, Cohuet, A, Choisy, M, Thomas, MB, Cator, L, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Laboratoire mixte international sur les vecteurs [Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] (LAMIVECT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Imperial College London, and ANR-16-CE35-0007,STORM,Stratégies de transmission des parasites à vecteur : variation génétique, plasticité phénotypique et conséquences pour les mesures de contrôle(2016)

Subjects
lcsh:Evolution, malaria, transmission, mosquito, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, host-parasite interactions, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Perspective, parasitic diseases, host–parasite interactions, lcsh:QH359-425, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Evaluating the risk of emergence and transmission of vector-borne diseases requires knowledge of the genetic and environmental contributions to pathogen transmission traits. Compared to the significant effort devoted to understanding the biology of malaria transmission from vertebrate hosts to mosquito vectors, the strategies that malaria parasites have evolved to maximize transmission from vectors to vertebrate hosts have been largely overlooked. While determinants of infection success within the mosquito host have recently received attention, the causes of variability for other key transmission traits of malaria, namely the duration of parasite development and its virulence within the vector, as well as its ability to alter mosquito behavior, remain largely unknown. This important gap in our knowledge needs to be bridged in order to obtain an integrative view of the ecology and evolution of malaria transmission strategies. Associations between transmission traits also need to be characterized, as they trade-offs and constraints could have important implications for understanding the evolution of parasite transmission. Finally, theoretical studies are required to evaluate how genetic and environmental influences on parasite transmission traits can shape malaria dynamics and evolution in response to disease control.

Published
2018
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24. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages and anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in reference hospitals across Viet Nam

Author

Nguyen, VAT, Bañuls, AL, Tran, THT, Pham, KLT, Nguyen, TS, Nguyen, HV, Nguyen, NLT, Dang, DA, Marks, GB, Choisy, M, Nguyen, VAT, Bañuls, AL, Tran, THT, Pham, KLT, Nguyen, TS, Nguyen, HV, Nguyen, NLT, Dang, DA, Marks, GB, and Choisy, M

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tuberculosis (TB) pathogen, despite a low level of genetic diversity, has revealed a high variety of biological and epidemiological characteristics linked to their lineages, such as transmissibility, fitness and propensity to acquire drug resistance. This has important implications for the epidemiology of TB. We conducted this first countrywide cross-sectional study to identify the prevalent M. tuberculosis lineages and to assess their epidemiological associations and their relation to drug resistance. The study was conducted among isolates acquired in reference hospitals across Vietnam. Isolates with drug susceptibility testing profiles were identified for their lineages by spoligotyping. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of M. tuberculosis lineages with location, age and sex of the patients and drug resistance levels. Results: Results showed that the most prevalent lineage was Beijing (55.4 %), followed by EAI (27.5 %), T (6.4 %), LAM (1.3 %), Haarlem (1 %) and Zero type (0.3 %). The proportion of Beijing isolates in the North (70.4 %) and the South (68 %) was higher than in the Centre (28 %) (OR = 1.7 [95 % CI: 1.4-2.0], p < 0.0001), whereas the proportion of EAI isolates in the North (7.1 %) and the South (17 %) was much lower compared with the Centre (59 %) (OR = 0.5 [95 % CI: 0.4-0.6], p < 0.0001). Overall, Beijing isolates were the most likely to be drug-resistant and EAI isolates were the least likely to be drug-resistant, except in the South of Vietnam where EAI is also highly drug-resistant. The proportion of Beijing isolates was significantly higher (p < 0.01), and the proportion of EAI isolates was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in younger patients. The proportion of drug-resistance was higher in isolates collected from male patients and from patients in the middle age groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest ongoing replacement of EAI lineage, which is mainly more drug-susceptible wi

Published
2016

28. A dengue outbreak on a floating village at Cat Ba Island in Vietnam.

Author

Viet, T. Le, Choisy, M., Bryant, J.E., Trong, D. Vu, Quang, T. Pham, Horby, P., Tran, H., Kieu, H. Tran Thi, Vu, T. Nguyen, Van, K. Nguyen, Quynh, M. Le, Wertheim, H.F.L., Viet, T. Le, Choisy, M., Bryant, J.E., Trong, D. Vu, Quang, T. Pham, Horby, P., Tran, H., Kieu, H. Tran Thi, Vu, T. Nguyen, Van, K. Nguyen, Quynh, M. Le, and Wertheim, H.F.L.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 155012.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2015

34. De quelques réflexions sur l'Evolution et ses théories (suite)

Author

Choisy, M., Casoli-Mein, Marie-Thérèse, and Collardeau-Roux, C.

Subjects
Insect Science, Paleontology, Animal Science and Zoology, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Choisy M., Casoli-Mein Marie-Thérèse, Collardeau-Roux C. De quelques réflexions sur l'Evolution et ses théories (suite). In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 30ᵉ année, n°3, mars 1961. pp. 67-69.

Published
1961
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35. Lichens récoltés par M. Pouchet

Author

Choisy, M.

Abstract

Choisy M. Lichens récoltés par M. Pouchet. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 8ᵉ année, n°1, janvier 1939. pp. 7-8.

Published
1939

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