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Folklore horror, about taking care of a baby doll. If you are rude, you are brave, but it will be angry; if you are respectful, it will not.

The sunk cost fallacy is one of the most robust choice and decision biases. This research project examines and compares the sunk cost bias among autistic and neurotypical individuals.

This study aims to explore the choices Chinese New Zealanders make for their consumption needs through ethnocentrism and acculturation lenses. We surveyed 324 first-generation Chinese immigrants us...

Drifke, Tiger, and Gifford (2019) showed that preschool-aged children’s preferences for otherwise equated choice- and no-choice conditions could be shifted by pairing either condition with higher quality stimuli (either higher preference or larger magnitude edibles). The current study replicated this arrangement and examined changes in equated choice and no-choice selections when each were intermittently associated with either immediate or delayed access to preferred stimuli. Similar to Drifke et al., these pairings produced reliable and systematic shifts in participant preferences.

Introduction. Activation of international business requires the formation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity, because its implementation allows to increase competitiveness and flexibility under conditions of the business environment changes. Nowadays, the problems of developing the foreign economic strategy of the enterprise become especially relevant, because the modern conditions of commercial activity require fundamentally new standards, management methods and stages of international business organizing. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the application of the method of strategic analysis SPACE for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of domestic enterprises on the example of Electroprylad SPE LLC. Results. The SPACE method is to develop an assessment of the strategic position and strategic actions of the enterprise. This is a comprehensive method of strategic analysis, which allows you to identify and characterize the competitive position in the market in order to select the best strategy for the enterprise to act at the market. The introduction of the SPACE method for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of Electroprylad SPE LLC provides for the implementation of successive stages: analysis of financial strength; determination of competitive positions in foreign markets; assessing the attractiveness of potential foreign markets; assessment of prospects for potential stability in foreign markets; selection of the optimal strategy for the development of foreign economic activity of the enterprise based on the results of the SPACE method. The SPACE method allowed to form a group of priority characteristics and parameters of Electroprylad SPE LLC activity, which were previously identified from all existing variety, allowed to organize them and determine the complex impact on the management decision-making process by validity, as well as to choose the best foreign economic development strategy. Conclusion. Implementation of the SPACE method for selecting the strategy of foreign economic activity development of Electroprylad SPE LLC is connected with the mandatory involvement leading specialists in the strategic analysis in order to perform the necessary tasks related to the methodology of strategic analysis. The set of criteria is determined taking into account the internal priorities of work and external strategic goals of foreign economic activity. The parameters of the production and financial strength of Electroprylad SPE LLC must be fully taken into account.

In cooperation with a special needs school in China, we conducted an international consultation by videoconference to improve the support system for developing the choice-making that young students...

This paper contributes to debates that shaped a special issue of Discourse in 2017 by taking the debate about responsibilisation in education into the realm of Foundations Skills in Australia. The ...

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the most important treatment for the majority of Primary immunodeficiency (PID) forms. It is very important not only to prescribe replacement therapy, but also to choose the appropriate one according to individual patients needs at the very moment. Furthermore, in reallife clinical practice some comorbid conditions, which can occur in patient, necessitate the choice of a specific drug from a wide range of IVIG preparations presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market.

This project explores what it means to have personal autonomy that is of value in a relational world. I describe and depict what a 'life that is one's own' may look like, realistically, through describing the experience of personal autonomy. This project demonstrates the necessity of including the psychological element of agency and interpersonal relationships (including group identity) in an account of autonomy. Here, I explore autonomy as an experience which is supported by agential skills and interconnectedness that allow one to self-direct and self-develop. This project focuses on autonomy as experienced under conditions of oppression, and explores the ways in which domination may work as a threshold to autonomy. In this project, I critique traditional accounts of autonomy based in independence or control, and explore the masculinization of these accounts. I then argue for a reworking of autonomy based in a need for the element of agency and inclusion of relational aspects, such as group identity. This project explores the barriers to autonomy and provides paradigm examples focused on oppression and then, sexual violence. This project demonstrates the necessity for agency and interdependence in supporting personal autonomy. This project asserts that autonomy exists even under repressive structures and conditions, yet argues that autonomy is compatible with an ideal of non-domination that we must work towards.

International audience; Value-based decision making in complex environments, such as those with uncertain and volatile mapping of reward probabilities onto options, may engender computational strategies that are not necessarily optimal in terms of normative frameworks but may ensure effective learning and behavioral flexibility in conditions of limited neural computational resources. In this article, we review a suboptimal strategy – additively combining reward magnitude and reward probability attributes of options for value-based decision making. In addition, we present computational intricacies of a recently developed model (named MIX model) representing an algorithmic implementation of the additive strategy in sequential decision-making with two options. We also discuss its opportunities; and conceptual, inferential, and generalization issues. Furthermore, we suggest future studies that will reveal the potential and serve the further development of the MIX model as a general model of value-based choice making.

Vaginal birth after previous cesarean section (VBAC) is still controversial. This may be due to the risk of uterine rupture. The rate of uterine rupture varies according to the type and location of the cesarean incision. In view the fetal and maternal outcomes for uterine break could make genuine Also life threatening, those fitting determination about patients might a chance to be a paramount prerequisite. Evaluate those usage for ultrasonography to assess those integument Also thickness of the uterine scar to tolerant with history for past solitary cesarean area by measuring those scar about past cesarean area What's more relationship with real intra-operative estimation. This contemplate incorporated 110 patients the greater part of them were arranged to elective c. Encountered with urban decay because of deindustrialization, engineering imagined, government lodgin. Know of them needed past one c. Encountered with urban decay because of deindustrialization, engineering imagined, government lodgin. , the patients underwent TAS examination for incompletely full bladder with measure LUS thickness. There might have been no noteworthy measurable Contrast between intraoperative estimation Furthermore TAS to An ladies with An historical backdrop for person cs. Those mean quality for TAS might have been (4. 9 ± 1. 03mm) and the mean quality of intra-operative might have been (5 ± 0. 85). There might have been strong, certain and statistically importance connection. The estimation of LUS thickness Toward ta ultrasonography associate for genuine intra-operative measurement, Might assistance choice making in regards the mode from claiming conveyance for patients with former cs.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of prompting a preschool student to use choice making with a peer identified with autism spectrum disorder. The researchers used a single case research design. Researchers provided prompting across three thematic play activities. Results show that there was an initial effect in the first activity, which may have resulted in a carry-over effect in the other two activities. While peer-mediated instruction can be an effective meth-od for increasing the dosage of learning opportunities that children with autism spectrum disorder experience in early childhood settings, peers may need more training or ongoing support to sustain their interactions with the child in a meaning-ful way.

Choice-making is a strategy that can be implemented across varying age levels and abilities to target problem behavior as well as academic engagement/performance. It can be embedded within ...

This paper considers social workers’ in England understandings of the agency and choice-making of girls who are sexually exploited outside the home, by extra-familial persons. To further elicit the...

Extant research suggests that the desirability of an outcome influences the way an individual makes a prediction. The current research investigated how an outcome's desirability influences the extent to which an individual evaluates its probability when making a prediction. Two studies were conducted using a single binary prediction based on the urn model. Individuals predicted which color-red or blue-a ball drawn from a bag would be, while being aware of the proportion of each color in the bag. The results of the first study indicated that individuals predicted the more probable outcome regardless of the probabilities of two outcomes. However, when the less probable outcome was more desirable, the proportion of predictions became significantly correlated and better calibrated to the actual probability. This result was interpreted as showing that, when motivated to predict the more desirable but less probable outcome, individuals evaluate its probability more effortfully. This interpretation was tested in the second study. When the probabiity- matching motivation was implemented, the proportion of individuals who predicted the less probable outcome increased significantly. However, when the less probable outcome was more desirable, the same motivation did not significantly increase the proportion of such individuals. Taken together, these results imply that individuals likely process the same probability informatio differently based on whether this information is useful for predicting a desirable outcome.

The most likely responses of humans in emergency escape scenarios is not perfectly understood and many of the current behavioural assumptions are speculative. Because of the insufficiency of empirical evidence, certain assumptions and terminologies in this area have been derived from analogical experiments with non-human crowds (e.g. ants or mice, as models of humans) or from purely numerical analyses. Some have suggested that stressful collective escape situations trigger an increased tendency to imitate the decision of the majority, the so-called ‘herd-behaviour’ assumption. Here, we empirically test this assumption using a series of novel experiments with human crowds. Individual-level observations of direction choice were gathered and analysed using econometric modelling methods. Results showed that humans do not tend to imitate direction choices of the majority. To the contrary, they tend to avoid the direction chosen by the majority, and the bigger the majority is, the less likely they are to follow it. The high-urgency treatment (assumed to be associated with higher degrees of stress) did not reverse, nor did it decrease this avoid-the-majority tendency. If anything, it even amplified it in certain choice situations. We also found out that the general level of crowding (i.e. the total number of people in the choice-maker’s vicinity) is another factor that can moderate the reaction to peers’ decision. Higher levels of crowding also amplified the avoid-the-crowd tendency in certain direction choice scenarios. The results overall suggested that escaping humans, when not facing substantial degrees of information uncertainty, tend to avoid the direction chosen by the majority (opposite the ‘herding’ assumption); and they do so more distinctly when they perceive higher urgency or greater number of people in their vicinity. An implication of our finding is that strong parallels between escape behaviour of humans and animals/insects may not exist. Such analogies (particularly on decision-making aspects) need to be drawn with great caution. They might misguide modelling assumptions and lead to unrealistic predictions.

Fluid is a documentary that explores how self-identifying queer artists self-fashion and engage in cultural production as a two-fold approach to queer worldmaking. The documentary presents the ideas and sentiments of six Toronto based queer artists towards their practice and their clothing choices through a multidisciplinary practice led methodology. Using filmed and audio recorded interviews, Fluid centers the voices of intersectional identities in queer fashion studies. Fluid is the key component of a larger major research project (MRP) that seeks to discover how queer artists engage in queer worldmaking through sartorial choice making, artistic practice and self-expression. Through a series of documented interviews, reflection and analysis, this MRP sheds light on themes of gender performance, resistance, queer failure and survival in the self-fashioning of queer artists. This MRP also makes visible how these themes manifest as cultural production and as an extension of their creative practice.

Agent-based transport simulations rely on realistic representation of agents’ movements in the transport system, but also on the simulation of choice making processes that resemble reality well. The MATSim framework uses the scoring-based co-evolutionary algorithm to achieve this, based on the principle of utility maximization. Discrete choice models are another common tool in transport planning which rely on the same principle. Through a toy example, the paper at hand shows that the direct use of discrete choice parameters in MATSim is not a technically sound approach, but that a consistent integration can be achieved by generating deterministic pseudo-errors based on cryptographic hash functions. Further caveats with integrating choice parameters in MATSim scoring are discussed., Procedia Computer Science, 184, ISSN:1877-0509, The 12th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT) / The 4th International Conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0 (EDI40) / Affiliated Workshops

The ideal interpregnancy interval (IPI) following a miscarriage is controversial as the World Health Organization (WHO) advise women to delay pregnancy for at least six months. Subsequent research has found that IPI less than six months is beneficial for both mother and baby. The impact of this guidance on the decision-making process for couples/women in this predicament is unknown.Views of women regarding the optimum IPI following miscarriage were investigated using a thematic framework applied to discussion threads from a popular online forum, Mumsnet (https://www.mumsnet.com). A systematic search of all online information was also undertaken to identify all relevant patient information regarding conceiving another pregnancy after a miscarriage. The findings from the search were tabulated and analysed in relation to the themes identified from the discussion threads on Mumsnet. Ninety-four discussion threads were included. Women saw no reason to wait if they felt ready. Women posted about their frustrations at the multiple sources of conflicting advice they received, at the lack of professional sympathy and felt that being told to wait before trying to conceive after a miscarriage was outdated advice. However, these findings were not corroborated by the patient information currently available online. All web-based patient information gave consistent advice – to wait for at least one normal period before trying to conceive again after a miscarriage and to try for another pregnancy when they felt physically mentally and emotionally ready. None advised waiting for six months. This study highlights that sometimes despite contradictory clinical advice, women are keen to make their own decisions regarding reproductive choice. These decisions are often empowered by peer support and advice which women trust over inconsistent information received from healthcare professionals. In this case, health information appears to have been updated in response to women’s choice rather than the other way around.Research highlightsA knowledge gap exists in relation to the views of women regarding the ideal interpregnancy interval following miscarriage.This study provides insights into the views and beliefs of women regarding the IPI following miscarriageThe dominant themes emerging from the study were: there is an array of conflicting advice being provided; there is no requirement to wait following a miscarriage; and the right time is when a couple feels physically, mentally and emotionally ready to try for another pregnancy.Current web-based information for patients does not endorse the WHO’s guidance of waiting for at least six months before trying to conceive again after a miscarriage.

Self-determination refers to a set of skills that helps individuals with disabilities control their life and achieve better inclusive outcomes. In special education, self-determination is often conceptualized as an educational outcome, which recognizes the important role that education plays in the development of student self-determination skills. Consequently, a number of educational practices have been developed to teach students with disabilities these essential skills. Some of the practices focus on helping students to acquire and maintain these skills; others focus on developing a conducive environment that allows and encourages individuals with disabilities to apply and exercise self-determination skills. Research has provided empirical evidence to support the need for teaching self-determination skills to students with disabilities. A number of evidence-based practices have been recommended for schools and parents to use in teaching these skills to students with disabilities. Some of the strategies focus on creating conducive environments that provide opportunities for individuals with disabilities to apply and exercise self-determination skills; others provide suggestions to families regarding what they can do to promote self-determination. A particular focus is on instructional practices because of the strong link between education and self-determination. Some popular instructional practices include teaching choice-making, self-management instruction, involving students in the transition planning process, and teaching self-determination skills through a self-determination curriculum such as the ChoiceMaker Curriculum, Steps to Self-Determination, Whose Future Is It Anyway?, Next S.T.E.P. Curriculum, Self-Advocacy Strategy, and Self-Determined Learning Model for Instruction (SDMLI).

This paper aims to expand the knowledge of how mobile apps can be used to establish a smart grocery retail setting. By offering real-time, personalized digital information, mobile apps enable bidirectional interaction with customers in the grocery shopping situation. A conjoint experiment (n = 90) was used to examine the use of mobile apps in a consumer choice situation where participants were choosing fresh salmon in a grocery store. Findings show that, relative to static information given by the mobile app about expiry date, price, offers, and quality indicator, digital information was the most prominent attribute. Among digital information given by the mobile app, quality indicators by other customers were the most prominent, followed by an offer based on a product in the shopping basket, updated expiry date, and real-time price. The results expand our understanding of how mobile apps can be used to design a setting in the grocery store that creates value for customers. Based on this result, we recommend that managers that plan to invest in mobile app technology to improve the electronic commerce ecosystem should include digital information.

Recommender systems are very useful in assisting users to reduce the complexities involved in their decision making processes. It is particularly difficult for people to make decisions on housing choices because different options exist with different facilities, in different locations and with varied cost implications. This paper proposes a hybrid user-centric housing recommender system that is implemented to assist potential house buyers and tenants to generate house listings based on their preferences with the aid of fuzzy logic and item-based collaborative filtering. A virtual tour of the houses is also provided for better choice making.

Children of both typical and atypical cognitive development tend to prefer contexts in which their behavior results in a choice of reinforcers rather than a single reinforcer, even when the reinforcer accessed is identical across conditions. The origin of this preference has been attributed speculatively to behavioral histories in which choice making tends to be associated with differentially beneficial outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this claim, and those that have, have yielded mixed results. We provided five preschool-aged children experiences in which choice-making and no-choice contexts were differentially associated with higher preference and larger magnitude reinforcers, and we assessed changes in their preference for choice and no-choice contexts in which outcomes were equated. These conditioning experiences resulted in consistent and replicable shifts in child preference, indicating that preference for choice is malleable through experience.

The last decades of developments in animal breeding, genetics, genomics and data recording technologies have allowed the evaluation of larger numbers of animal and animal traits than ever before. This should help make animal breeding choices more informed, but it also makes them far more complex. This complexity may be overwhelming farmers, thus compromising realization of potential genetic gain in livestock industries. However, the effect of complexity of animal breeding choices on farmers’ selection of animals has received very little theoretical consideration to date. This paper reviews the theoretical principles of complex decisions, contextualizes the findings to the field of animal breeding, and analyses how farmers and the animal breeding industry are currently dealing with complexity. According to the findings of the analyses of complex decisions in other fields, the complexity of animal breeding choices is likely to lead to farmers using conscious or unconscious simplifying strategies (heuristics) to handle such complexity. When these heuristics are ineffective, poor selection decisions and a potential loss of genetic progress can be expected. Further, studies using survey experiments to understand farmer behaviour and selection preferences may be compromised by the complexity of the survey´s choice tasks. Thus, while many animal breeding industries recognize the complexity of animal breeding choices for farmers and attempts are made to assist farmers in their choice making, the effectiveness of these attempts is not well quantified and understood. We discuss three areas of research that could be key to disentangling how, and by how much, animal breeding choice complexity affects farmers’ decisions.

Under the framework of self-determination theory, choice is a supporting factor for autonomy in the classroom. The provision of choice in the classroom is a distinct feature of higher educa...

The proliferation of airlines plying the international routes, triggered by the needed deregulation policies, has equally caused prospective air travelers to be constantly faced with critical pre-flight decisions, especially as they regard airline choice making for scheduled and on-demand flights. Considering the international bound passengers for scheduled flights at MMIA, this paper examines seventeen variables, wilfully or unconsciously thought-out by the passengers before choosing the airline to travel with. Factor analysis unveils that there are five components with Eigenvalue higher than the critical (1.000) and with an appreciable cumulative percent of variance (62.336 percent), indicative that there are five latent factors determining international passengers’ airline choices from a developing country. The Varimax rotated component matrix placed eleven variables with factor loading (>0.70) on these five factors. The paper concludes that the service quality of the full spectra of the airlines’ preflight, in-flight and post-flight services could be more carefully considered, maintained and regularly upgraded in order to attract and, or retain passengers.