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3. When Life gives you LLMs, make LLM-ADE: Large Language Models with Adaptive Data Engineering

Author

Choi, Stephen and Gazeley, William

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This paper presents the LLM-ADE framework, a novel methodology for continued pre-training of large language models (LLMs) that addresses the challenges of catastrophic forgetting and double descent. LLM-ADE employs dynamic architectural adjustments, including selective block freezing and expansion, tailored to specific datasets. This strategy enhances model adaptability to new data while preserving previously acquired knowledge. We demonstrate LLM-ADE's effectiveness on the TinyLlama model across various general knowledge benchmarks, showing significant performance improvements without the drawbacks of traditional continuous training methods. This approach promises a more versatile and robust way to keep LLMs current and efficient in real-world applications., Comment: 6 pages, 3 tables and 3 figures

Published
2024

4. Conversational Factor Information Retrieval Model (ConFIRM)

Author

Choi, Stephen, Gazeley, William, Wong, Siu Ho, and Li, Tingting

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

This paper introduces the Conversational Factor Information Retrieval Method (ConFIRM), a novel approach to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for domain-specific retrieval tasks. ConFIRM leverages the Five-Factor Model of personality to generate synthetic datasets that accurately reflect target population characteristics, addressing data scarcity in specialized domains. We demonstrate ConFIRM's effectiveness through a case study in the finance sector, fine-tuning a Llama-2-7b model using personality-aligned data from the PolyU-Asklora Fintech Adoption Index. The resulting model achieved 91% accuracy in classifying financial queries, with an average inference time of 0.61 seconds on an NVIDIA A100 GPU. ConFIRM shows promise for creating more accurate and personalized AI-driven information retrieval systems across various domains, potentially mitigating issues of hallucinations and outdated information in LLMs deployed, Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, 2 appendices

Published
2023

6. Prevention of persistent pain with lidocaine infusions in breast cancer surgery (PLAN): study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Author

Khan, James S., Gilron, Ian, Devereaux, P. J., Clarke, Hance, Ayach, Nour, Tomlinson, George, Quan, May Lynn, Ladha, Karim S., Choi, Stephen, Munro, Allana, Brull, Richard, Lim, David W., Avramescu, Sinziana, Richebé, Philippe, Hodgson, Nicole, Paul, James, McIsaac, Daniel I., Derzi, Simone, Zbitnew, Geoff L., Easson, Alexandra M., Siddiqui, Naveed T., Miles, Sarah J., and Karkouti, Keyvan

Published
2024
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7. Mortality, perioperative complications and surgical timelines in hip fracture patients: Comparison of the Spanish with the non-Spanish Cohort of the HIP ATTACK-1 trial

Author

Veevaete, Laurent, Waroux, Bernard le Polain de, Lavand'homme, Patricia, Cornu, Olivier, Tribak, Karim, Yombi, Jean C, Touil, Nassim, Bhutia, Jigme T, Clinckaert, Carol, Clippeleir, Dirk De, Reul, Maike, Patel, Ameen, Tandon, Vikas, Gauthier, Leslie P, Avram, Victoria R.A., Winemaker, Mitchell, de Beer, Justin, Simpson, Diane L, Worster, Andrew, Alvarado, Kim A, Gregus, Krysten K, Lawrence, Kelly H, Leong, Darryl P, Joseph, Philip G, Magloire, Patrick, Deheshi, Benjamin, Bisland, Stuart, Wood, Thomas J, Tushinski, Daniel M., Wilson, David A.J., Haider, Shariq, Bali, Kamal, Kearon, Clive, Manach, Yannick Le, Adili, Anthony, Tiboni, Maria E, Neary, John D, Cowan, David D, Khanna, Vickas, Zaki, Amna, Farrell, Janet C, MacDonald, Anne Marie, Conen, David, Wong, Steven C.W., Karbassi, Arsha, Wright, Douglas S, Shanthanna, Harsha, Coughlin, Ryan, Khan, Moin, Wikkerink, Spencer, Quraishi, Faraaz A, Lawendy, Abdel-Rahman, Kishta, Waleed, Schemitsch, Emil, Carey, Timothy, Macleod, Mark D, Sanders, David W, Vasarhelyi, Edward, Bartley, Debra, Dresser, George K, Tieszer, Christina, Jenkinson, Richard J, Shadowitz, Steven, Lee, Jacques S, Choi, Stephen, Kreder, Hans J, Nousiainen, Markku, Kunz, Monica R, Tuazon, Ravianne, Shrikumar, Mopina, Ravi, Bheeshma, Wasserstein, David, Stephen, David J.G., Nam, Diane, Henry, Patrick D.G., Wood, Gavin C.A., Mann, Stephen M., Jaeger, Melanie T., Sivilotti, Marco L.A., Smith, Christopher A., Frank, Christopher C., Grant, Heather, Ploeg, Leone, Yach, Jeff D., Harrison, Mark M., Campbell, Aaron R., Bicknell, Ryan T., Bardana, Davide D., Feibel, Robert J., McIlquham, Katie, Gallant, Catherine, Halman, Samantha, Thiruganasambandamoorth, Venkatesh, Ruggiero, Sara, Hadden, William J., Chen, Brian P.J., Coupal, Stephanie A., McMahon, Stephen J., McLean, Lisa M., Shirali, Hemant R., Haider, Syed Y., Smith, Crystal A., Watts, Evan, Santone, David J., Koo, Kevin, Yee, Allan J., Oyenubi, Ademilola N., Nauth, Aaron, Schemitsch, Emil H., Daniels, Timothy R., Ward, Sarah E., Hall, Jeremy A., Ahn, Henry, Whelan, Daniel B., Atrey, Amit, Khoshbin, Amir, Puskas, David, Droll, Kurt, Cullinan, Claude, Payendeh, Jubin, Lefrancois, Tina, Mozzon, Lise, Marion, Travis, Jacka, Michael J., Greene, James, Menon, Matthew, Stiegelmahr, Robert, Dillane, Derek, Irwin, Marleen, Beaupre, Lauren, Coles, Chad P., Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Trenholm, J.A.I., Oxner, William, Richardson, C.G., Dehghan, Niloofar, Sadoughi, Mehdi, Sharma, Achal, White, Neil J., Olivieri, Loretta, Hunt, Stephen B., Turgeon, Thomas R., Bohm, Eric R., Tran, Sarah, Giilck, Stephen M., Hupel, Tom, Guy, Pierre, O'Brien, Peter J., Duncan, Andrew W., Crawford, Gordon A., hou, Junlin, Zhao, Yanrui, Liu, Yang, Shan, Lei, Wu, Anshi, Muñoz, Juan M., Chaudier, Philippe, Douplat, Marion, Fessy, Michel Henri, Piriou, Vincent, Louboutin, Lucie, David, Jean Stephane, Friggeri, Arnaud, Beroud, Sebastien, Fayet, Jean Marie, Landais, Paul, Leung, Frankie Ka Li, Fang, Christian Xinshuo, Yee, Dennis King Hang, Sancheti, Parag K., Pradhan, Chetan V., Patil, Atul A., Puram, Chetan P., Borate, Madhav P., Kudrimoti, Kiran B., Adhye, Bharati A., Dongre, Himanshu V., John, Bobby, Abraham, Valsamma, Pandey, Ritesh A., Rajkumar, Arti, George, Preetha E., Sigamani, Alen, Stephen, Manesh, Chandran, Nitheesh, Ashraf, Mohammed, Georgekutty, A.M., Sulthan, Ahamad S., Adinarayanan, S., Sharma, Deep, Barnawal, Satish P., Swaminathan, Srinivasan, Bidkar, Prasanna U., Mishra, Sandeep K., Menon, Jagdish, M, Niranjan, Zk, Varghese, Hiremath, Santosh A., Nc, Madhusudhan, Jawali, Abhijit, Gnanadurai, Kingsly R., George, Carolin E., Maddipati, Atarao, Kp, Mary, Sharma, Vijay, Farooque, Kamran, Malhotra, Rajesh, Mittal, Samarth, Sawhney, Chavi, Gupta, Babita, Mathur, Purva, Gamangati, Shivanand, Tripathy, Vijaylaxmi, Menon, Prem H., Dhillon, Mandeep S., Chouhan, Devendra K., Patil, Sharanu, Narayan, Ravi, Lal, Purushotham, Bilchod, Prashanth N., Singh, Surya U., Gattu, Uttam V., Dashputra, Ravi P., Rahate, Prashant V., Turiel, Maurizio, Blasio, Giuseppe De, Accetta, Riccardo, Perazzo, Paolo, Stella, Daniele, Bonadies, Marika, Colombo, Chiara, Fozzato, Stefania, Pino, Fabio, Morelli, Ilaria, Colnaghi, Eleonora, Salini, Vincenzo, Denaro, Giuseppe, Beretta, Luigi, Placella, Giacomo, Giardina, Giuseppe, Binda, Mirko, Marcato, Anna, Guzzetti, Luca, Piccirillo, Fabio, Cecconi, Maurizio, Khor, H.M., Lai, Hou Yee, Kumar, C.S., Chee, K.H., Loh, P.S., Tan, Kit Mun, Singh, Simmrat, Foo, Li Lian, Prakasam, Komella, Chaw, Sook Hui, Lee, Meng-Li, Ngim, Joanne H.L., Boon, Huck Wee, Chin, Im Im, Kleinlugtenbelt, Ydo V., Landman, Ellie B.M., Flikweert, Elvira R., Roerdink, Herbert W., Brokelman, Roy B.G., Elskamp-Meijerman, Hannie F., Horst, Maarten R., Cobben, Jan-Hein M.G., Umer, Masood, Begum, Dilshad, Anjum, Anila, Hashmi, Pervaiz M., Ahmed, Tashfeen, Rashid, Haroon U., Khattak, Mujahid J., Rashid, Rizwan H., Lakdawala, Riaz H., Noordin, Shahryar, Juman, Naveed M., Khan, Robyna I., Riaz, Muhammad M., Bokhari, Syedah S., Almas, Ayesha, Wahab, Hussain, Ali, Arif, Khan, Hammad N., Khan, Eraj K., Nur, Aamer Nabi, Janjua, Kholood A., Orakzai, Sajjad H., Khan, Abdus S., Mustafa, Khawaja J., Sohail, Mian A., Umar, Muhammad, Khan, Siddra A., Ashraf, Muhammad, Khan, Muhammad K., Shiraz, Muhammad, Furgan, Ahmad, Ślęczka, Paweł, Dąbek, Piotr, Kumoń, Adam, Satora, Wojciech, Ambroży, Wojciech, Święch, Mariusz, Rycombel, Jacek, Grzelak, Adrian, Nowak- Kózka, Ilona, Gucwa, Jaroslaw, Machala, Waldemar, Ramokgopa, Mmampapatla T., Firth, Gregory B., Karera, Mwalimu, Fourtounas, Maria, Singh, Virsen, Biscardi, Anna, Iqbal, Muhammad N., Campbell, Ryan J., Maluleke, Matimba L., Moller, Carien, Nhlapo, Lerato, Maqungo, Sithombo, Flint, Margot, Nejthardt, Marcin B., Chetty, Sean, Naidoo, Rubendren, Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto, Tomas-Hernandez, Jordi, Garcia-Sanchez, Yaiza, Clua, Miriam Garrido, Molero-Garcia, Vicente, Minguell-Monyart, Joan, Teixidor-Serra, Jordi, Villar-Casares, Maria del Mar, Marsa, Jordi Selga, Porcel-Vazquez, Juan A., Andres-Peiro, Jose-Vicente, Aguilar, Marc, Mestre-Torres, Jaume, Colomina, Maria J., Guilabert, Patricia, Gozalo, M Luisa Paños, Abarca, Luis, Martin, Nuria, Usua, Gemma, Martinez-Ripol, Pedro, Posada, M.A. Gonzalez, Lalueza-Broto, Pilar, Sanchez-Raya, Judith, Camarena, Jorge Nuñez, Fraguas-Castany, Antoni, Balaguer-Castro, Mariano, Torner, Pere, Jornet-Gibert, Montsant, Serrano-Sanz, Jorge, Cámara-Cabrera, Jaume, Salomó-Domènech, Mònica, Yela-Verdú, Christian, Peig-Font, Anna, Ricol, Laura, Carreras-Castañer, Anna, Martínez-Sañudo, Luis, Herranz, Susana, Feijoo-Massó, Carlos, Sianes-Gallén, Mònica, Castillόn, Pablo, Bernaus, Martí, Quintas, Saioa, Gόmez, Olga, Salvador, Jordi, Abarca, Javier, Estrada, Cristina, Novellas, Marga, Torra, Mercè, Dealbert, Alfred, Macho, Oscar, Ivanov, Alexia, Valldosera, Esther, Arroyo, Marta, Pey, Borja, Yuste, Antoni, Mateo, Llorenç, Caso, Julio De, Anaya, Rafael, Higa-Sansone, J.L., Millan, Angelica, Baños, Victoria, Herrera-Mateo, Sergio, Aguado, Hector, Martinez-Municio, Gonzalo, León, Ricardo, Santiago-Maniega, Silvia, Zabalza, Ana, Labrador, Gregorio, Guerado, Enrique, Ramirez-Roldan, Alicia, Cruz, Encarnacion, Cano, Juan R, Bogallo, Jose M, Sangasoongsong, Paphon, Kulachote, Noratep, Sirisreetreerux, Norachart, Pengrung, Nachapan, Chalacheewa, Theerawat, Arnuntasupakul, Vanlapa, Yingchoncharoen, Teerapat, Naratreekoon, Bundit, Kadry, Miriam A, Thayaparan, Surendini, Abdlaziz, Ihab, Aframian, Arash, Imbuldeniya, Arjuna, Movahedi, Roya, Omran, Sherif, Vizcaychipi, Marcela P, Correia, Patricia, Patil, Shashank, Haire, Kevin, Mayor, Amy S.E., Dillingham, Sally, Nicholson, Laura, Elnaggar, Mohamed, John, Joby, Nanjayan, Shashi K, Parker, Martyn J, O'Sullivan, Susan, Marmor, Meir T, Matityahu, Amir, McClellan, Robert T, Comstock, Curt, Ding, Anthony, Toogood, Paul, Slobogean, Gerard, Joseph, Katherine, O'Toole, Robert, Sciadini, Marcus, Ryan, Scott P, Clark, Molly E, Cassidy, Charles, Balonov, Konstantin, Bergese, Sergio D, Phieffer, Laura S, Gonzalez-Zacarias, Alicia A, Marcantonio, Andrew J, Borges, Flavia K., Bhandari, Mohit, Nuñez, Jorge H., Castillon, Pablo, De Caso Rodriguez, Julio, Aguado, Hector J., Popova, Ekaterine, Tonelli, Ana Claudia, Balasubramanian, Kumar, Vincent, Jessica, Harvey, Valerie, Kocaqi, Etri, and Devereaux, P.J.

Published
2024
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10. Long-term Outcomes with Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial

Author

Vail, Emily A., Feng, Rui, Sieber, Frederick, Carson, Jeffrey L., Ellenberg, Susan S., Magaziner, Jay, Dillane, Derek, Marcantonio, Edward R., Sessler, Daniel I., Ayad, Sabry, Stone, Trevor, Papp, Steven, Donegan, Derek, Mehta, Samir, Schwenk, Eric S., Marshall, Mitchell, Jaffe, J. Douglas, Luke, Charles, Sharma, Balram, Azim, Syed, Hymes, Robert, Chin, Ki-Jinn, Sheppard, Richard, Perlman, Barry, Sappenfield, Joshua, Hauck, Ellen, Tierney, Ann, Horan, Annamarie D., Neuman, Mark D., Looke, Thomas, Bent, Sandra, Franco-Mora, Ariana, Hedrick, Pamela, Newbern, Matthew, Tadros, Rafik, Pealer, Karen, Vlassakov, Kamen, Buckley, Carolyn, Gavin, Lauren, Gorbatov, Svetlana, Gosnell, James, Steen, Talora, Vafai, Avery, Zeballos, Jose, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Cardenas, Louis, Berry, Ashley, Getchell, John, Quercetti, Nicholas, Hassan, Manal, Bajracharya, Gauasan, Billow, Damien, Bloomfield, Michael, Cuko, Evis, Elyaderani, Mehrun K., Hampton, Robert, Honar, Hooman, Khoshknabi, Dilara, Kim, Daniel, Krahe, David, Lew, Michael M., Maheshwer, Conjeevram B., Niazi, Azfar, Saha, Partha, Salih, Ahmed, de Swart, Robert J., Volio, Andrew, Bolkus, Kelly, DeAngelis, Matthew, Dodson, Gregory, Gerritsen, Jeffrey, McEniry, Brian, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, M. Kwesi, Belliveau, Anne, Bonazza, Flynn, Lloyd, Vera, Panek, Izabela, Dabiri, Jared, Chavez, Chris, Craig, Jason, Davidson, Todd, Dietrichs, Chad, Fleetwood, Cheryl, Foley, Mike, Getto, Chris, Hailes, Susie, Hermes, Sarah, Hooper, Andy, Koener, Greg, Kohls, Kate, Law, Leslie, Lipp, Adam, Losey, Allison, Nelson, William, Nieto, Mario, Rogers, Pam, Rutman, Steve, Scales, Garrett, Sebastian, Barbara, Stanciu, Tom, Lobel, Gregg, Giampiccolo, Michelle, Herman, Dara, Kaufman, Margit, Murphy, Bryan, Pau, Clara, Puzio, Thomas, Veselsky, Marlene, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Chen Fan, Brenda, Lee, Susan, Lemke, Mike, Merchant, Richard, Moola, Farhad, Payne, Kyrsten, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Poler, Mark, D’Antonio, Patricia, O’Neill, Greg, Abdullah, Amer, Fish-Fuhrmann, Jamie, Giska, Mark, Fidkowski, Christina, Guthrie, Stuart Trent, Hakeos, William, Hayes, Lillian, Hoegler, Joseph, Nowak, Katherine, Beck, Jeffery, Cuff, Jaslynn, Gaski, Greg, Haaser, Sharon, Holzman, Michael, Malekzadeh, A. Stephen, Ramsey, Lolita, Schulman, Jeff, Schwartzbach, Cary, Azefor, Tangwan, Davani, Arman, Jaberi, Mahmood, Masear, Courtney, Haider, Syed Basit, Chungu, Carolyn, Ebrahimi, Ali, Fikry, Karim, Marcantonio, Andrew, Shelvan, Anitha, Sanders, David, Clarke, Collin, Lawendy, Abdel, Schwartz, Gary, Garg, Mohit, Kim, Joseph, Caruci, Juan, Commeh, Ekow, Cuevas, Randy, Cuff, Germaine, Franco, Lola, Furgiuele, David, Giuca, Matthew, Allman, Melissa, Barzideh, Omid, Cossaro, James, D’Arduini, Armando, Farhi, Anita, Gould, Jason, Kafel, John, Patel, Anuj, Peller, Abraham, Reshef, Hadas, Safur, Mohammed, Toscano, Fiore, Tedore, Tiffany, Akerman, Michael, Brumberger, Eric, Clark, Sunday, Friedlander, Rachel, Jegarl, Anita, Lane, Joseph, Lyden, John P., Mehta, Nili, Murrell, Matthew T., Painter, Nathan, Ricci, William, Sbrollini, Kaitlyn, Sharma, Rahul, Steel, Peter A.D., Steinkamp, Michele, Weinberg, Roniel, Stephenson Wellman, David, Nader, Antoun, Fitzgerald, Paul, Ritz, Michaela, Bryson, Greg, Craig, Alexandra, Farhat, Cassandra, Gammon, Braden, Gofton, Wade, Harris, Nicole, Lalonde, Karl, Liew, Allan, Meulenkamp, Bradley, Sonnenburg, Kendra, Wai, Eugene, Wilkin, Geoffrey, Troxell, Karen, Alderfer, Mary Ellen, Brannen, Jason, Cupitt, Christopher, Gerhart, Stacy, McLin, Renee, Sheidy, Julie, Yurick, Katherine, Chen, Fei, Dragert, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Malveaux, Halina, McCloskey, Deborah, Mellender, Scott, Mungekar, Sagar S., Noveck, Helaine, Sagebien, Carlos, Biby, Luat, McKelvy, Gail, Richards, Anna, Abola, Ramon, Ayala, Brittney, Halper, Darcy, Mavarez, Ana, Rizwan, Sabeen, Choi, Stephen, Awad, Imad, Flynn, Brendan, Henry, Patrick, Jenkinson, Richard, Kaustov, Lilia, Lappin, Elizabeth, McHardy, Paul, Singh, Amara, Donnelly, Joanne, Gonzalez, Meera, Haydel, Christopher, Livelsberger, Jon, Pazionis, Theresa, Slattery, Bridget, Vazquez-Trejo, Maritza, Baratta, Jaime, Cirullo, Michael, Deiling, Brittany, Deschamps, Laura, Glick, Michael, Katz, Daniel, Krieg, James, Lessin, Jennifer, Mojica, Jeffrey, Torjman, Marc, Jin, Rongyu, Salpeter, Mary Jane, Powell, Mark, Simmons, Jeffrey, Lawson, Prentiss, Kukreja, Promil, Graves, Shanna, Sturdivant, Adam, Bryant, Ayesha, Crump, Sandra Joyce, Verrier, Michelle, Green, James, Menon, Matthew, Applegate, Richard, Arias, Ana, Pineiro, Natasha, Uppington, Jeffrey, Wolinsky, Phillip, Gunnett, Amy, Hagen, Jennifer, Harris, Sara, Hollen, Kevin, Holloway, Brian, Horodyski, Mary Beth, Pogue, Trevor, Ramani, Ramachandran, Smith, Cameron, Woods, Anna, Warrick, Matthew, Flynn, Kelly, Mongan, Paul, Ranganath, Yatish, Fernholz, Sean, Ingersoll-Weng, Esperanza, Marian, Anil, Seering, Melinda, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Wagner, Allison, Walter, Alicia, Wong, Cynthia, Orwig, Denise, Goud, Maithri, Helker, Chris, Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Preston, Peter, Schwartz, J. Sanford, Weber, Ramona, Fleisher, Lee A., Mehta, Samir, Stephens-Shields, Alisa J., Dinh, Cassandra, Schwartz, Aron, Chelly, Jacques E., Goel, Shiv, Goncz, Wende, Kawabe, Touichi, Khetarpal, Sharad, Monroe, Amy, Shick, Vladislav, Breidenstein, Max, Dominick, Timothy, Friend, Alexander, Mathews, Donald, Lennertz, Richard, Sanders, Robert, Akere, Helen, Balweg, Tyler, Bo, Amber, Doro, Christopher, Goodspeed, David, Lang, Gerald, Parker, Maggie, Rettammel, Amy, Roth, Mary, White, Marissa, Whiting, Paul, Allen, Brian F.S., Baker, Tracie, Craven, Debra, McEvoy, Matt, Turnbo, Teresa, Kates, Stephen, Morgan, Melanie, Willoughby, Teresa, Weigel, Wade, Auyong, David, Fox, Ellie, Welsh, Tina, Cusson, Bruce, Dobson, Sean, Edwards, Christopher, Harris, Lynette, Henshaw, Daryl, Johnson, Kathleen, McKinney, Glen, Miller, Scott, Reynolds, Jon, Segal, B. Scott, Turner, Jimmy, VanEenenaam, David, Weller, Robert, Lei, Jineli, Treggiari, Miriam, Akhtar, Shamsuddin, Blessing, Marcelle, Johnson, Chanel, Kampp, Michael, Kunze, Kimberly, OʼConnor, Mary, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Looke, Thomas, Tadros, Rafik, Vlassakov, Kamen, Cardenas, Louis, Hassan, Manal, Bolkus, Kelly, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, M. Kwesi, Dabiri, Jared, Lobel, Gregg, Poler, Mark, Giska, Mark, Sanders, David, Schwartz, Gary, Giuca, Matthew, Tedore, Tiffany, Nader, Antoun, Papp, Stephen, Bryson, Greg, Troxell, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Choi, Stephen, Powell, Mark, Applegate, Richard, Warrick, Matthew, Ranganath, Yatish, Elkassabany, Nabil, Chelly, Jacques E., Hoeft, Mark A., Lennertz, Richard, Sanders, Robert, Allen, Brian F.S., Kates, Stephen, Weigel, Wade, Li, Jinlei, Wijeysundera, Duminda N., Kheterpal, Sachin, Moore, Reneé H., Smith, Alexander K., Tosi, Laura L., Elkassabany, Nabil, Looke, Thomas, Menio, Diane, Mehta, Samir, Fleisher, Lee, Menio, Diane, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Ramsey, Lolita, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Langlois, Christine, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Oduwole, Samuel, and Rose, Thomas

Published
2024
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14. CONTRACT PRODUCTION IN M&A MARKETS.

Author

Choi, Stephen J., Gulati, Mitu, Jennejohn, Matthew, and Scott, Robert E.

Subjects
Private equity -- Contracts -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Markets (Economics) -- Analysis -- Research, Fraud -- Remedies -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Rescission (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Collective behavior -- Economic aspects -- Research, Acquisitions and mergers -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Contracts -- Research, Contracts -- Interpretation and construction -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Government regulation, Contract agreement
Abstract

INTRODUCTION 1882 I. THE PRODUCTION OF CONTRACTS IN BOTH THIN AND THICK MARKETS 1888 A. Bespoke Contracting in Thin Markets 1889 B. Production Efficiencies in Thick Markets 1891 C. The [...], Contract scholarship has devoted considerable attention to how contract terms are designed to incentivize parties to fulfill their obligations. Less attention has been paid to the production of contracts and the tradeoffs between using boilerplate terms and designing bespoke provisions. In thick markets everyone uses the standard form despite the known drawbacks of boilerplate. But in thinner markets, such as the private deal M&A world, parties trade off costs and benefits of using standard provisions and customizing clauses. This Article reports on a case study of contract production in the M&A markets. We find evidence of an informal information network that transforms bespoke changes in contract terms into industry-wide standard provisions. This organic coordination structure leads to both market-wide coordination as well as a diversity in this response as individual actors implement bespoke variations of the new standard.

Published
2023

15. COMPARING AGENCY COSTS IN CONTRACT PRODUCTION: PRIVATE EQUITY M&A VERSUS CORPORATE AND SOVEREIGN BONDS.

Author

Choi, Stephen J., Gulati, Mitu, and Scott, Robert E.

Subjects
Private equity -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Clauses (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Bonds -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Agency (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Acquisitions and mergers -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Government regulation
Abstract

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. INNOVATIONS AND ENCRUSTATIONS A. Legal Change and the Non-Contractual Term B. Redundant and Obsolete Encrustations 1. "Construed" 2. "Interpreted" 3. "Except for Conflict of Laws" 4. "Except [...], Different areas of transactional practice, such as M&A or high-yield bonds and sovereign bonds, vary in terms of the degree to which they are afflicted by agency problems. In some areas, clients are actively involved in deal making, and in others they are not present until well after the deal is done. If vulnerability to agency problems differs, and these agency problems impact the quality of contract production, one would expect those differences to appear when comparing contract production across practice areas. This Article compares one feature of contract production--the problems of encrusted and sticky boilerplate--across four different deal types where the degree of agency problems is likely to vary. We find that private equity M&A lawyers, who have the highest degree of client monitoring, innovate in order to repair problems in the deal documents more rapidly than do the other deal types. However, we also find that these private equity M&A contracts have more obsolete and encrusted terms than do corporate or sovereign bonds.

Published
2023

18. Giving Shareholders the Right to Say No: Shareholders should be able to vote against pursuing securities class action suits

Author

Choi, Albert H., Choi, Stephen J., and Pritchard, Adam C.

Subjects
Securities law -- Cases, Class actions (Civil procedure) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Stockholders' derivative actions -- Laws, regulations and rules, Voting rights (Stockholders) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Financial misrepresentations -- Laws, regulations and rules, Company legal issue, Government regulation, Business, Government, Law
Abstract

When a public company releases misleading information that distorts the market for the company's stock, investors who purchase at the inflated price lose money when (and if) the misleading information [...]

Published
2022

21. Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium (B-Free): A Protocol for a Multi-centre Randomized Cluster Crossover Trial

Author

Spence, Jessica, Belley-Côté, Emilie, Jacobsohn, Eric, Lee, Shun Fu, D’Aragon, Frederick, Avidan, Michael, Mazer, C. David, Rousseau-Saine, Nicolas, Rajamohan, Raja, Pryor, Kane, Klein, Rael, Tan, Edmund (Chong-How), Cameron, Matthew, Di Sante, Emily, DeBorba, Erin, Mustard, Mary, Couture, Etienne, Zamper, Raffael, Law, Michael, Djaiani, George, Saha, Tarit, Choi, Stephen, Hedlin, Peter, Pikaluk, Ryan, Lam, Wing Ying, Deschamps, Alain, Whitlock, Richard, Dulong, Braden, Devereaux, P.J., Beaver, Chris, Kloppenburg, Shelley, Oczkowski, Simon, McIntyre, William Finlay, McFarling, Matthew, Lamy, Andre, Vincent, Jessica, and Connolly, Stuart

Published
2023
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25. Commercial Boilerplate: A Review and Research Agenda.

Author

Scott, Robert E., Choi, Stephen J., and Gulati, Mitu

Subjects
CONSUMER contracts, GOVERNMENT securities, INDUSTRIAL research, CORPORATE bonds, BLACK holes
Abstract

Boilerplate contracts have long fascinated legal scholars. But the focus has been largely on consumer contracts, with the debate centered on the question of whether take-it-or-leave-it mass-produced forms imposed on consumers by large corporations should be treated as contracts or as a problem in regulation. By contrast, commercial boilerplate—the standard forms used in transactions for corporate or sovereign bonds or merger agreements—has traditionally received little attention. The assumption has been that form contracts among sophisticated parties may differ in form but not in substance from bespoke contracts between business entities. Yet a growing body of scholarship is questioning that assumption. This article reviews the complexities of contract production in these large markets and provides a window into an exciting new area of contracts research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Labor market outcomes under digital platform business models in the sharing economy: the case of the taxi services industry

Author

Tashiro, Sanae and Choi, Stephen

Subjects
Labor market -- Forecasts and trends, Taxicab service -- Human resource management -- Comparative analysis, Market trend/market analysis, Company personnel management, Business, Economics
Abstract

Abstract This research investigates the effects of ride-sharing online platforms on the taxi and limousine industry. It also compares and contrasts labor market outcomes between conventional taxi drivers and Uber [...]

Published
2021
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32. Paying for performance? Attorneys' fees in fraud class actions.

Author

Choi, Stephen J., Erickson, Jessica M., and Pritchard, A. C.

Abstract

This paper studies whether plaintiffs' lawyers matter in securities class actions. We use inverse propensity score weighting (IPW) to compare the results in cases led by top‐tier firms against those brought by lower‐tier firms. This technique addresses case selection effects by using all of the cases led by a top‐tier firm and then weighting the cases led by lower‐tier firms based on how similar these cases are to the cases led by top‐tier firms. We do find that top‐tier lawyers obtain better outcomes for shareholders in a subset of securities class actions, specifically the cases against the larger (although not the very largest) companies. Outside of these cases, we find that most of the difference in the results obtained by top‐ and lower‐tier firms disappears when we balance observable characteristics using the IPW technique. Although the top‐tier firms do not get better results in most cases, they do invest more hours and money into their cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Engaging patients as partners in a multicentre trial of spinal versus general anaesthesia for older adults

Author

Looke, Thomas, Bent, Sandra, Franco-Mora, Ariana, Hedrick, Pamela, Newbern, Matthew, Tadros, Rafik, Pealer, Karen, Marcantonio, Edward, Vlassakov, Kamen, Buckley, Carolyn, Gorbatov, Svetlana, Gosnell, James, Steen, Talora, Vafai, Avery, Zeballos, Jose, Cardenas, Louis, Berry, Ashley, Getchell, John, Quercetti, Nicholas, Sessler, Daniel I., Ayad, Sabry, Hassan, Manal, Ali, Assad, Bajracharya, Gauasan, Billow, Damien, Bloomfield, Michael, Elliott, Kavita, Hampton, Robert, He, Linda, Honar, Hooman, Khoshknabi, Dilara, Kim, Daniel, Minko, Paul, Morris, Adam, Niazi, Azfar, Nutcharoen, Tara, Roberts, Jeffrey, Saha, Partha, Salih, Ahmed, Skolaris, Alexis, Stang, Taylor, Strimbu, Victor, Templeton, Jesse, Volio, Andrew, Wang, Jiayi, Bolkus, Kelly, DeAngelis, Matthew, Dodson, Gregory, Gerritsen, Jeffrey, McEniry, Brian, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, Kwesi, Bonazza, Flynn, Lloyd, Vera, Panek, Izabela, Dabiri, Jared, Chavez, Chris, Craig, Jason, Davidson, Todd, Dietrichs, Chad, Fleetwood, Cheryl, Foley, Mike, Getto, Chris, Hailes, Susie, Hermes, Sarah, Hooper, Andy, Koener, Greg, Kohls, Kate, Law, Leslie, Lipp, Adam, Losey, Allison, Nelson, William, Nieto, Mario, Rogers, Pam, Rutman, Steve, Scales, Garrett, Sebastian, Barbara, Stanciu, Tom, Lobel, Gregg, Giampiccolo, Michelle, Herman, Dara, Kaufman, Margit, Murphy, Bryan, Pau, Clara, Puzio, Thomas, Veselsky, Marlene, Stone, Trevor, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Fan, Brenda Chen, Lee, Susan, Lemke, Mike, Merchant, Richard, Moola, Farhad, Payne, Kyrsten, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Poler, Mark, D'Antonio, Patricia, Sheppard, Richard, Abdullah, Amer, Fish-Fuhrmann, Jamie, Giska, Mark, Fidkowski, Christina, Guthrie, Trent, Hakeos, William, Hayes, Lillian, Hoegler, Joseph, Nowak, Katherine, Hymes, Robert, Beck, Jeffery, Cuff, Jaslynn, Gaski, Greg, Haaser, Sharon, Holzman, Michael, Malekzadeh, A. Stephen, Ramsey, Lolita, Schulman, Jeff, Schwartzbach, Cary, Sieber, Frederick, Azefor, Tangwan, Brown, Charles, Davani, Arman, Jaberi, Mahmood, Masear, Courtney, Sharma, Balram, Haider, Syed Basit, Chungu, Carolyn, Ebrahimi, Ali, Fikry, Karim, Gannon, Kerri, Marcantonio, Andrew, Pace, Meredith, Sanders, David, Clarke, Collin, Lawendy, Abdel, Schwartz, Gary, Garg, Mohit, Kim, Joseph, Marshall, Mitchell, Caurci, Juan, Commeh, Ekow, Cuevas, Randy, Cuff, Germaine, Franco, Lola, Furguiele, David, Giuca, Matthew, Allman, Melissa, Barzideh, Omid, Cossaro, James, D'Arduini, Armando, Farhi, Anita, Gould, Jason, Kafel, John, Patel, Anuj, Peller, Abraham, Reshef, Hadas, Safur, Mohammed, Toscano, Fiore, Tedore, Tiffany, Akerman, Michael, Brumberger, Eric, Clark, Sunday, Friedlander, Rachel, Jegarl, Anita, Lane, Joseph, Lyden, John P., Mehta, Nili, Murrell, Matthew T., Painter, Nathan, Ricci, William, Sbrollini, Kaitlyn, Sharma, Rahul, Steel, Peter A.D., Steinkamp, Michele, Weinberg, Roniel, Wellman, David Stephenson, Nader, Antoun, Fitzgerald, Paul, Ritz, Michaela, Papp, Steven, Bryson, Greg, Craig, Alexandra, Farhat, Cassandra, Gammon, Braden, Gofton, Wade, Harris, Nicole, Lalonde, Karl, Liew, Allan, Meulenkamp, Bradley, Sonnenburg, Kendra, Wai, Eugene, Wilkin, Geoffrey, Donegan, Derek, Dinh, Cassandra, Elkassabany, Nabil, Horan, Annamarie, Mehta, Samir, Troxell, Karen, Alderfer, Mary Ellen, Brannen, Jason, Cupitt, Christopher, Gerhart, Stacy, McLin, Renee, Sheidy, Julie, Yurick, Katherine, Carson, Jeffrey, Chen, Fei, Dragert, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Malveaux, Halina, McCloskey, Deborah, Mellender, Scott, Mungekar, Sagar S., Noveck, Helaine, Sagebien, Carlos, Perlman, Barry, Biby, Luat, McKelvy, Gail, Richards, Anna, Azim, Syed, Abola, Ramon, Ayala, Brittney, Halper, Darcy, Mavarez, Ana, Choi, Stephen, Awad, Imad, Flynn, Brendan, Henry, Patrick, Jenkinson, Richard, Kaustov, Lilia, Lappin, Elizabeth, McHardy, Paul, Singh, Amara, Hauck, Ellen, Donnelly, Joanne, Gonzalez, Meera, Haydel, Christopher, Livelsberger, Jon, Pazionis, Theresa, Slattery, Bridget, Vazquez-Trejo, Maritza, Schwenk, Eric, Baratta, Jaime, Deiling, Brittany, Deschamps, Laura, Glick, Michael, Katz, Daniel, Krieg, James, Lessin, Jennifer, Torjman, Marc, Chin, Ki Jinn, Jin, Rongyu, Salpeter, Mary Jane, Powell, Mark, Simmons, Jeffrey, Lawson, Prentiss, Kukreja, Promil, Graves, Shanna, Sturdivant, Adam, Bryant, Ayesha, Crump, Sandra Joyce, Dillane, Derek, Taylor, Michael, Verrier, Michelle, Applegate, Richard, Arias, Ana, Pineiro, Natasha, Uppington, Jeffrey, Wolinsky, Phillip, Sappenfield, Joshua, Gunnett, Amy, Hagen, Jennifer, Harris, Sara, Hollen, Kevin, Holloway, Brian, Horodyski, Mary Beth, Pogue, Trevor, Ramani, Ramachandran, Smith, Cameron, Woods, Anna, Warrick, Matthew, Flynn, Kelly, Mongan, Paul, Ranganath, Yatish, Fernholz, Sean, Ingersoll-Weng, Esperanza, Marian, Anil, Seering, Melinda, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Wagner, Allison, Walter, Alicia, Wong, Cynthia, Magaziner, Jay, Orwig, Denise, Brown, Trina, Dattilo, Jim, Ellenberg, Susan, Feng, Rui, Fleisher, Lee, Gaskins, Lakisha, Goud, Maithri, Helker, Chris, Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Preston, Peter, Stephens, Alisa, Schwartz, J. Sanford, Tierney, Ann, Weber, Ramona, Chelly, Jacques, Goel, Shiv, Goncz, Wende, Kawabe, Touichi, Khetarpal, Sharad, King, Kevin, Kunkel, Frank, Luke, Charles, Monroe, Amy, Shick, Vladislav, Silipo, Anthony, Stehle, Caroline, Szabo, Katherine, Yennam, Sudhakar, Hoeft, Mark, Breidenstein, Max, Dominick, Timothy, Friend, Alexander, Mathews, Donald, Lennertz, Richard, Akere, Helen, Balweg, Tyler, Bo, Amber, Doro, Christopher, Goodspeed, David, Lang, Gerald, Parker, Maggie, Rettammel, Amy, Roth, Mary, Sanders, Robert, White, Marissa, Whiting, Paul, Allen, Brian, Baker, Tracie, Craven, Debra, McEvoy, Matt, Turnbo, Teresa, Kates, Stephen, Morgan, Melanie, Willoughby, Teresa, Weigel, Wade, Auyong, David, Fox, Ellie, Welsh, Tina, Jaffe, J. Douglas, Cusson, Bruce, Dobson, Sean, Edwards, Christopher, Harris, Lynette, Henshaw, Daryl, Johnson, Kathleen, McKinney, Glen, Miller, Scott, Reynolds, Jon, Turner, Jimmy, VanEenenaam, David, Weller, Robert, Akhtar, Shamsuddin, Blessing, Marcelle, Johnson, Chanel, Kampp, Michael, Kunze, Kimberly, Li, Jinlei, O'Connor, Mary, Treggiari, Miriam, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Menio, Diane A., Hymes, Robert A., Langlois, Christine, Gaskins, Lakisha J., and Neuman, Mark D.

Published
2021
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34. Ehrenfest approach to open double-well dynamics

Author

Choi, Stephen, Onofrio, Roberto, and Sundaram, Bala

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We consider an Ehrenfest approximation for a particle in a double-well potential in the presence of an external environment schematized as a finite resource heat bath. This allows us to explore how the limitations in the applicability of Ehrenfest dynamics to nonlinear systems are modified in an open system setting. Within this framework, we have identified an environment-induced spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, and we argue that the Ehrenfest approximation becomes increasingly valid in the limit of strong coupling to the external reservoir, either in the form of increasing number of oscillators or increasing temperature. The analysis also suggests a rather intuitive picture for the general phenomenon of quantum tunneling and its interplay with classical thermal activation processes, which may be of relevance in physical chemistry, ultracold atom physics, and fast-switching dynamics such as in superconducting digital electronics., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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35. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound protects from inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy through inciting extracellular vesicles.

Author

Sun, Ping, Li, Yi, Li, Yifei, Ji, Huan, Mang, Ge, Fu, Shuai, Jiang, Shuangquan, Choi, Stephen, Wang, Xiaoqi, Tong, Zhonghua, Wang, Chao, Gao, Fei, Wan, Pingping, Chen, Shuang, Li, You, Zhao, Peng, Leng, Xiaoping, Zhang, Maomao, and Tian, Jiawei

Subjects
T helper cells, REGULATORY T cells, T cell differentiation, EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, DILATED cardiomyopathy
Abstract

Aims CD4+ T cells are activated during inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) development to induce immunogenic responses that damage the myocardium. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a novel physiotherapy for cardiovascular diseases, has recently been shown to modulate inflammatory responses. However, its efficacy in iDCM remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether LIPUS could improve the severity of iDCM by orchestrating immune responses and explored its therapeutic mechanisms. Methods and results In iDCM mice, LIPUS treatment reduced cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. Additionally, CD4+ T-cell inflammatory responses were suppressed. LIPUS increased Treg cells while decreasing Th17 cells. LIPUS mechanically stimulates endothelial cells, resulting in increased secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are taken up by CD4+ T cells and alter their differentiation and metabolic patterns. Moreover, EVs selectively loaded with microRNA (miR)-99a are responsible for the therapeutic effects of LIPUS. The hnRNPA2B1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and binding to caveolin-1 and miR-99a confirmed the upstream mechanism of miR-99a transport. This complex is loaded into EVs and taken up by CD4+ T cells, which further suppress mTOR and TRIB2 expression to modulate cellular differentiation. Conclusion Our findings revealed that LIPUS uses an EVs-dependent molecular mechanism to protect against iDCM progression. Therefore, LIPUS is a promising new treatment option for iDCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound improves myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury via migrasome‐mediated mitocytosis.

Author

Sun, Ping, Li, Yifei, Yu, Weidong, Chen, Jianfeng, Wan, Pingping, Wang, Zhuo, Zhang, Maomao, Wang, Chao, Fu, Shuai, Mang, Ge, Choi, Stephen, Du, Zhuo, Tang, Caiying, Li, Song, Shi, Guoxia, Tian, Jiawei, Dai, Jiannan, and Leng, Xiaoping

Subjects
MOLECULAR motor proteins, MITOCHONDRIAL proteins, HEART diseases, QUALITY control, YAP signaling proteins
Abstract

During myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury (MIRI), the accumulation of damaged mitochondria could pose serious threats to the heart. The migrasomes, newly discovered mitocytosis‐mediating organelles, selectively remove damaged mitochondria to provide mitochondrial quality control. Here, we utilised low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on MIRI mice model and demonstrated that LIPUS reduced the infarcted area and improved cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, we found that LIPUS alleviated MIRI‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We provided new evidence that LIPUS mechanical stimulation facilitated damaged mitochondrial excretion via migrasome‐dependent mitocytosis. Inhibition the formation of migrasomes abolished the protective effect of LIPUS on MIRI. Mechanistically, LIPUS induced the formation of migrasomes by evoking the RhoA/Myosin II/F‐actin pathway. Meanwhile, F‐actin activated YAP nuclear translocation to transcriptionally activate the mitochondrial motor protein KIF5B and Drp1, which are indispensable for LIPUS‐induced mitocytosis. These results revealed that LIPUS activates mitocytosis, a migrasome‐dependent mitochondrial quality control mechanism, to protect against MIRI, underlining LIPUS as a safe and potentially non‐invasive treatment for MIRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. The Business of Securities Class Action Lawyering.

Author

CHOI, STEPHEN J., ERICKSON, JESSICA M., and PRITCHARD, A. C.

Subjects
*LAWYERS, *PLAINTIFFS, *FRAUD, *SECURITIES, *STOCKHOLDERS
Abstract

Plaintiffs' lawyers in the United States play a key role in combating corporate fraud. Shareholders who lose money as a result of fraud can file securities class actions to recover their losses, but most shareholders do not have enough money at stake to justify overseeing the cases filed on their behalf. As a result, plaintiffs' lawyers control these cases, deciding which cases to file and how to litigate them. Recognizing the agency costs inherent in this model, the legal system relies on lead plaintiffs and judges to monitor these lawyers and protect the best interests of absent class members. Yet there is remarkably little data on the business of securities class action lawyers, leaving lead plaintiffs and judges to oversee this area without the tools to understand how it works. This Article looks inside the black box of securities class action lawyering to explore the business behind these cases. Our study includes hand-collected data on all securities fraud class actions against public corporations filed between 2005 and 2018, a total of nearly 2500 cases. We find that the business of securities class action lawyering is far more complex than prior scholarship has recognized. Contrary to conventional wisdom, there are not two tiers of plaintiffs' law firms; instead, there are multiple tiers of firms, each with its own client base, litigation patterns, and revenue model. Our study gives lead plaintiffs and judges the data and tools they need to understand these tiers and to compare the performance of the law firms within them. We also examine how these law firms are compensated, finding that judges' fee awards fail to account for the difficulty of cases or the risk of nonrecovery in any systematic way. These fees are crucial to ensuring that law firms pursue the right cases on behalf of shareholders, so we suggest ways that judges can use data to improve fee awards. As we will see, the path to reforming securities class actions starts with understanding the business behind them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

45. Two inequalities on the areal Mahler measure

Author

Choi, Stephen K. K. and Samuels, Charles L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11C08, 11G50 (Primary)
Abstract

Recent work of Pritsker defines and studies an areal version of the Mahler measure. We further explore this function with a particular focus on the case where its value is small, as this is most relevant to Lehmer's conjecture. In this situation, we provide improvements to two inequalities established in Pritsker's original paper.

Published
2014

46. Polynomials whose reducibility is related to the Goldbach conjecture

Author

Borwein, Peter B., Choi, Stephen K. K., Martin, Greg, and Samuels, Charles L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11A41 (Primary)
Abstract

We introduce a collection of polynomials $F_N$, associated to each positive integer $N$, whose divisibility properties yield a reformulation of the Goldbach conjecture. While this reformulation certainly does not lead to a resolution of the conjecture, it does suggest two natural generalizations for which we provide some numerical evidence. As these polynomials $F_N$ are independently interesting, we further explore their basic properties, giving, among other things, asymptotic estimates on the growth of their coefficients.

Published
2014

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