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Background and Aim: The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We evaluated the risk for developing IPF in patients with IBD using a nationwide population‐based study. Methods: Using claims data from the National Health Insurance service in Korea, patients with IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), were identified through both the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and rare and intractable disease program codes from January 2010 to December 2013. We compared 38 921 IBD patients with age‐matched and sex‐matched individuals without IBD in a ratio of 1:3. Patients with newly diagnosed IPF were identified by both the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and rare and intractable disease registration codes. Results: During a mean 4.9‐year follow‐up, the incidence of IPF in patients with IBD was 33.21 per 100 000 person‐years. The overall risk of IPF was significantly higher in IBD patients than in non‐IBD controls (hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.20; P = 0.003). In patients with CD, the incidence (per 100 000 person‐years) of IPF was 26.04; in controls, the incidence was 9.15 (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.46–5.72; P = 0.002). The incidence of IPF in patients with UC tended to be higher than in controls (36.66 vs 26.54 per 100 000 person‐years; 95% CI, 0.99–1.99; HR, 1.41; P = 0.066). The risk of developing IPF in patients with IBD was higher in male patients than in female patients (P = 0.093 in CD; P = 0.147 in UC by interaction analysis). Conclusions: Patients with IBD, especially CD, have an increased risk of developing IPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Owing to the low prevalence of small-bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), data on the impact of Crohn's disease (CD) on the survival of patients with SBA are lacking. Therefore, we investigated this issue in this study., Methods: In this bicenter cohort study, patients with histologically confirmed SBA were retrospectively enrolled and classified into two groups: sporadic SBA and CD-associated SBA. Patients with duodenal SBA were excluded. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and factors associated with survival were analyzed., Results: Of 128 patients with SBA, 115 had sporadic SBA and 13 had CD-associated SBA. Ileal involvement and poorly differentiated tumors were more common in the CD-associated SBA group than in the sporadic SBA group (ileal involvement, 53.8% vs 22.6%; poor differentiation, 46.2% vs 14.8%; both p<0.05). In survival analysis, overall survival showed no statistical difference between the sporadic SBA and CD-associated SBA groups (p=0.370). However, when stratified by stage, the adjusted overall survival of the CD-associated SBA group was lower in patients with an advanced disease stage (p=0.029). Disease-free survival showed the same tendency, albeit without clinical significance (p=0.097). CD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.308; p=0.047), older age (≥65 yr) at SBA diagnosis (HR, 2.766; p=0.001), and stage III/IV disease (HR, 3.151; p<0.001) were factors associated with mortality., Conclusions: The overall survival of patients with CD-associated SBA did not differ from that of patients with sporadic SBA. However, as CD is an independent risk factor for mortality, vigilant surveillance in high-risk patients may be crucial.