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Cross-modality understanding is essential for AI to tackle complex tasks that require both deterministic and generative capabilities, such as correlating music and visual art. The existing state-of-the-art methods of audio-visual correlation often rely on single-dimension information, focusing either on semantic or emotional attributes, thus failing to capture the full depth of these inherently complex modalities. Addressing this limitation, we introduce a novel approach that perceives music–image correlation as multilayered rather than as a direct one-to-one correspondence. To this end, we present a pioneering dataset with two segments: an artistic segment that pairs music with art based on both emotional and semantic attributes, and a realistic segment that links music with images through affective–semantic layers. In modeling emotional layers for the artistic segment, we found traditional 2D affective models inadequate, prompting us to propose a more interpretable hybrid-emotional rating system that serves both experts and non-experts. For the realistic segment, we utilize a web-based dataset with tags, dividing tag information into semantic and affective components to ensure a balanced and nuanced representation of music–image correlation. We conducted an in-depth statistical analysis and user study to evaluate our dataset's effectiveness and applicability for AI-driven understanding. This work provides a foundation for advanced explorations into the complex relationships between auditory and visual art modalities, advancing the development of more sophisticated cross-modal AI systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For ultra-high-speed digital transmission, required by 5G/6G communications, ultra-wideband common-mode rejection (CMR) structures with autonomous phase-balancing capability are proposed. Common-mode noise, caused by phase and amplitude unbalances, is one of the most undesired disturbances affecting modern digital circuits. According to the circuit design guides with a typically used differential line (DL) for high-speed digital transmission, common-mode rejection is achieved using CMR filters, and the unbalanced phase, caused by a length difference between the two signal lines of a DL, is compensated by inserting an additional delay line. However, due to nonlinear phase interactions between the two DLs and unbalanced electromagnetic (EM) interferences, the conventional compensation method is frequency-limited at around 10 GHz. To significantly enhance the common-mode rejection level and extend the phase recovery bandwidth, the proposed CMR structure utilizes a planar balanced line (BL), such as a coplanar stripline (CPS) or a parallel stripline (PSL), along with additional conductor strips arranged laterally near the BL. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed BL-based CMR structures, various types of CMR structures are fabricated, and the measurement results are compared with the 3D EM simulation results. As a result, it is proven that the proposed BL-based CMR structures have the capability to reject the common-mode noise with suppression levels of more than 10 dB and to simultaneously recover the phase balance from near DC to over 40 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design method for an ultra-wideband coplanar-stripline-based vertical transition that can be used for ultra-high-speed digital interfaces is proposed. A conventional via structure, based on a differential line (DL), inherently possesses performance limitations (<10 GHz) due to difficulties in maintaining constant line impedance and smooth electric field transformation, in addition to the effects of signal skews, FR4 fiber weave, and unbalanced EM interferences. DL-based digital interfaces may not meet the demands of ultra-high-speed digital data transmission required for the upcoming 6G communications. The use of a coplanar stripline (CPS), a type of planar balanced line (BL), for the vertical transition, along with the ultra-wideband DL-to-CPS transition, mostly removes the inherent and unfavorable issues of the DL and enables ultra-high-speed digital data transmission. The design process of the transition is simplified using the analytical design formulas, derived using the conformal mapping method, of the transition. The characteristic line impedances of the transition are calculated and found to be in close agreement with the results obtained from EM simulations. Utilizing these results, the CPS-based vertical transition, maintaining the characteristic line impedance of 100 Ω, is designed and fabricated. The measured results confirm its ultra-wideband characteristics, with a maximum of 1.6 dB insertion loss and more than 10 dB return loss in the frequency range of DC to 30 GHz. Therefore, the proposed CPS-based vertical transition offers a significantly wider frequency bandwidth, i.e., more than three times that of conventional DL-based via structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]