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This study examines whether the effect of trust cues, such as verified purchase badges and user-provided photos, on review helpfulness differs by review extremity, on which Sagan's standard and the theory of confirmation bias suggest contradictory predictions. Adopting large empirical data with approximately 31 million online reviews from Amazon.com, this study finds that the effect of trust cues on review helpfulness is significantly larger for moderate reviews, although the difference is negated for highly helpful reviews, and the effect is more considerable for extremely positive reviews than extremely negative reviews. The findings also disclose that the effect is more substantial for extreme reviews on search products and those on tangible products, suggesting that the differential effect depends on product attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many prior studies have discussed the effect of discount pricing and product bundling on sales, few investigated the effect on Game as a Service (GaaS) applications, which has been rapidly growing in the IT industry. We investigate the effect by adopting large empirical market data, including 112,858 observations of 5,570 GaaS applications in the theoretical perspective of perceived value, price fairness, expected utility, and competitive intensity. We found that both discount pricing and bundling have positive effects on the daily sales of the applications. Specifically, discount rate and the amount of discounted price (i.e., reduced price) have positive relationships with the sales increase, while the effect of discount pricing decreases as more discount deals are available in the market. However, we did not find a significant interaction effect of bundling on the relationship between discount rate and the sales increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]