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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the periods for exodrift stabilization and the long‐term surgical outcomes among different surgical methods in intermittent exotropia. Methods: The medical records of 350 patients who had undergone intermittent exotropia correcting surgery [unilateral lateral rectus recession–medial rectus resection (R&R, n = 221), bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR, n = 51) and unilateral lateral rectus recession (ULR, n = 78)] with a postoperative follow‐up period of 1.5 years or more were retrospectively reviewed. The deviation angles every 6 months after surgery, periods of exodrift stabilization and surgical outcomes were analysed. The period of postoperative exodrift stabilization was defined as when exodrift was no longer significantly different from that at the next visit (p > 0.05). An alignment of 5 PD (prism diopters) esotropia to 10 PD exotropia at a distance and near fixation was considered surgical success. Results: The mean angle of exodeviation was significantly different among surgical procedures at postoperative 1 month (BLR > ULR > R&R, p < 0.001); however, there were no differences among the procedures at 6 months (p = 0.088). The periods of exodrift stabilization were 6 months after ULR, 1 year after BLR and 4.5 years after R&R. The surgical success and reoperation rates did not show significant differences among procedures at the final follow‐up. Conclusion: Patients undergoing R&R showed smaller exodeviation shortly after surgery but required a longer period to stabilize the exodrift. Following ULR, exodeviation was larger in the early postoperative period, but the exodrift was stabilized earlier. Therefore, the long‐term surgical outcomes were similar among ULR, BLR and R&R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A 16-wk feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of different types of dietary carbohydrate on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus). A total of [...]

ABSTRACT Performance and stress resistance of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) fed formulated diets substituting fish meal (FM) and macroalgae (MA) with soybean meal and rice bran, respectively, was compared with [...]

Background: To measure the amounts of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, TIMP‐2 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐4 in medial rectus muscle (MR) tissue obtained from intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients and to investigate the correlation between each protein amount and the clinical features of IXT including angles of deviation, age at surgery, duration of IXT and postoperative recurrence. Methods: The protein amounts were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in MR collected during surgery for 78 IXT patients. Results: The mean amount of MMP‐2 per mm of resected MR was 0.86 ng, of MMP‐9, 2.72 ng, of TIMP‐1, 1.99 ng, of TIMP‐2, 0.92 ng and of BMP‐4, 0.82 pg. MMP‐2 showed a positive correlation with angle of deviation at distance and at near, age at surgery and duration of IXT (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.022, respectively, Spearman's rank correlation analysis). MMP‐9 showed a positive correlation with angle of deviation at distance and at near (p = 0.001, p = 0.024) and BMP‐4 showed a positive correlation with angle of deviation at distance (p = 0.012). TIMP‐1 showed a negative correlation with angle of deviation at distance and at near (p = 0.003, p = 0.000). Conclusion: In IXT patients, MMPs and BMP‐4 tended to increase and TIMPs to decrease with increasing angle of deviation, greater age at surgery and longer duration of IXT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]