29 results on '"Chocolate products"'
Search Results
2. Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments on Sensory Perception of Chocolate Products: A Preliminary Study
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Yanzhuo Kong, Chetan Sharma, Madhuri Kanala, Mishika Thakur, Lu Li, Dayao Xu, Roland Harrison, and Damir D. Torrico
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virtual reality ,immersive environments ,acceptability ,emotions ,chocolate products ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Traditional booths where sensory evaluation usually takes place are highly controlled and therefore have limited ecological validity. Since virtual reality (VR) is substantially interactive and engaging, it has the potential to be applied in sensory science. In this preliminary study, three chocolate types (milk, white, and dark) were evaluated under three contextual settings, including sensory booths (control) and two VR environments (360-degree videos using VR headsets: (i) a pleasant sightseeing tour, and (ii) a live music concert). Untrained participants (n = 67) were asked to rate their liking and the intensity of different chocolate attributes based on the 9-point hedonic scale and just-about-right-scale (JAR). Emotions were evaluated using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Results showed that there were no significant effects of context type on the tasting experience; however, there were significant effects of chocolate type. Milk and white chocolates were preferred over dark chocolate irrespective of the context type. Additionally, more positive emotions were elicited for the dark chocolate in the “virtual live concert” environment. Dark chocolate under the other two environments was associated with negative emotional terms, such as “bored” and “worried.” In terms of more reliable and ecologically valid sensory responses, further research is needed to match suitable VR environments to different chocolate types.
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- 2020
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3. Impact of the replacement of milk powder by soy flour on chemical properties, texture, particle size distribution and whiteness index of chocolate product
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Samira Yeganehzad, Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani, and Zohreh Baratian Ghorghi
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chocolate products ,soy flour ,whiteness index ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing milk powder with soy flour on the chemical characteristics, texture, particle size distribution and whiteness index of chocolate products. Treatments consisted of two refining times (105 and 135 min) and replacement of milk powder with soy flour at four levels (zero, 33.33, 66.66 and 100%). Results showed that by replacing milk powder with soy flour, moisture content of samples placed below 1.5%, ash and pH values ranged between 1.59 to 1.71% and 7.59 to 7.67, respectively. Particle size and hardness of samples significantly increased with the increase of the replacement level in both refining times, (P
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- 2015
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4. Novel Techniques to Measure the Sensory, Emotional, and Physiological (Biometric) Responses of Consumers toward Foods and Packaging.
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Torrico, Damir and Torrico, Damir
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Psychology ,Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) ,Cabernet Sauvignon ,Cochran's Q test ,EsSense profile® ,RPPG and PPG heart rate ,acceptability ,alternative protein source ,approach-avoidance ,arousal ,beef ,beer consumption ,beer styles ,biometrics ,branding ,check-all-that-apply ,chocolate ,chocolate products ,conscious ,consumer ,context ,correspondence analysis ,ecological validity ,emojis ,emotions ,energy drinks ,entomophagy ,ethnic ,facial expressions ,familiarity ,food images ,happiness ,home-use test ,hordenine ,immersive environments ,implicit measure ,jambalaya ,linear model ,mobile phone ,n/a ,neophobia ,online auction ,plant ,purchase intention ,self-report ,sensory analysis ,soy sauce ,unconscious ,valence ,virtual reality ,wanting ,wine - Abstract
Summary: This book reprinted from articles published in the Special Issue "Novel Techniques to Measure the Sensory, Emotional, and Physiological (Biometric) Responses of Consumers toward Foods and Packaging" of the journal Foods aims to provide a deeper understanding of novel techniques to measure the different sensory, emotional, and physiological responses toward foods. The editor hopes that the findings from this Special Issue can help the broader scientific community to understand the use of novel sensory science techniques that can be used in the evaluation of products.
5. Cadmium and lead in cocoa powder and chocolate products in the US Market.
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Abt, Eileen, Fong Sam, Jennifer, Gray, Patrick, and Robin, Lauren Posnick
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LEAD in food , *COCOA products , *CADMIUM poisoning , *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry , *FOOD contamination - Abstract
Cocoa powder and chocolate products are known to sometimes contain cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from environmental origins. A convenience sample of cocoa powder, dark chocolate, milk chocolate, and cocoa nib products was purchased at retail in the US and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to assess Cd and Pb concentrations. Cd and Pb were evaluated in relation to the percent cocoa solids and to the reported origin of the cocoa powder and chocolate products. Cd ranged from 0.004 to 3.15 mg/kg and Pb ranged from
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- 2018
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6. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022
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Larkin, Lesley, Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, Hoban, Ann, Pulford, Caisey, Jourdan-Da Silva, Nathalie, de Valk, Henriette, Browning, Lynda, Falkenhorst, Gerhard, Simon, Sandra, Lachmann, Raskit, Dryselius, Rikard, Karamehmedovic, Nadja, Börjesson, Stefan, van Cauteren, Dieter, Laisnez, Valeska, Mattheus, Wesley, Pijnacker, Roan, van den Beld, Maaike, Mossong, Joël, Ragimbeau, Catherine, Vergison, Anne, Thorstensen Brandal, Lin, Lange, Heidi, Garvey, Patricia, Nielsen, Charlotte Salgaard, Herrera León, Silvia, Varela, Carmen, Chattaway, Marie, Weill, François-Xavier, Brown, Derek, McKeown, Paul, Larkin, Lesley, Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, Hoban, Ann, Pulford, Caisey, Jourdan-Da Silva, Nathalie, de Valk, Henriette, Browning, Lynda, Falkenhorst, Gerhard, Simon, Sandra, Lachmann, Raskit, Dryselius, Rikard, Karamehmedovic, Nadja, Börjesson, Stefan, van Cauteren, Dieter, Laisnez, Valeska, Mattheus, Wesley, Pijnacker, Roan, van den Beld, Maaike, Mossong, Joël, Ragimbeau, Catherine, Vergison, Anne, Thorstensen Brandal, Lin, Lange, Heidi, Garvey, Patricia, Nielsen, Charlotte Salgaard, Herrera León, Silvia, Varela, Carmen, Chattaway, Marie, Weill, François-Xavier, Brown, Derek, and McKeown, Paul
- Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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7. REMOVING THE PRESSURE FROM COMPETITION BY USING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY.
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MADAR, Anca
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CORPORATE history ,FOOD safety ,CHOCOLATE ,PRESSURE ,MARKETING strategy - Abstract
The paper describes how Kandia Dulce Company, the largest chocolate producer in Romania, chose to implement the diversification strategy to stay on the market and compete. The introduction refers to the quality and safety of the importance of food and chocolate products, then the paper describes the company and its history, the business environment, its quality policy, the implementation of the quality strategy and its results. The end of the article contains several concluding ideas and remarks related to the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
8. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022
- Subjects
Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ,whole genome sequencing ,antimicrobial resistance profile ,outbreak ,chocolate products ,multi-country collaboration ,descriptive epidemiological evidence ,core-genome multi locus sequence typing - Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.
- Published
- 2022
9. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022
- Author
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Larkin, Lesley, Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, Hoban, Ann, Pulford, Caisey, Jourdan-Da Silva, Nathalie, de Valk, Henriette, Browning, Lynda, Falkenhorst, Gerhard, Simon, Sandra, Lachmann, Raskit, Dryselius, Rikard, Karamehmedovic, Nadja, Börjesson, Stefan, van Cauteren, Dieter, Laisnez, Valeska, Mattheus, Wesley, Pijnacker, Roan, van den Beld, Maaike, Mossong, Joël, Ragimbeau, Catherine, Vergison, Anne, Thorstensen Brandal, Lin, Lange, Heidi, Garvey, Patricia, Nielsen, Charlotte Salgaard, Herrera León, Silvia, Varela, Carmen, Chattaway, Marie, Weill, François-Xavier, Brown, Derek, and McKeown, Paul
- Subjects
Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ,whole genome sequencing ,antimicrobial resistance profile ,outbreak ,chocolate products ,multi-country collaboration ,descriptive epidemiological evidence ,core-genome multi locus sequence typing - Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.
- Published
- 2022
10. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022
- Author
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Lesley Larkin, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Ann Hoban, Caisey Pulford, Nathalie Jourdan-Da Silva, Henriette de Valk, Lynda Browning, Gerhard Falkenhorst, Sandra Simon, Raskit Lachmann, Rikard Dryselius, Nadja Karamehmedovic, Stefan Börjesson, Dieter van Cauteren, Valeska Laisnez, Wesley Mattheus, Roan Pijnacker, Maaike van den Beld, Joël Mossong, Catherine Ragimbeau, Anne Vergison, Lin Thorstensen Brandal, Heidi Lange, Patricia Garvey, Charlotte Salgaard Nielsen, Silvia Herrera León, Carmen Varela, Marie Chattaway, François-Xavier Weill, Derek Brown, Paul McKeown, UK Health Security Agency [London] (UKHSA), Bactéries pathogènes entériques (BPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Public Health Scotland [Glasgow], Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Robert Koch Institute [Wernigerode], Public Health Agency of Sweden, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Laboratoire National de Santé [Luxembourg] (LNS), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR-ESS), and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
- Subjects
Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ,Salmonella typhimurium ,Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Chocolate products ,Outbreak ,Multi-country collaboration ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,United Kingdom ,Disease Outbreaks ,Core-genome multi locus sequence typing ,Descriptive epidemiological evidence ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Virology ,Whole genome sequencing ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Antimicrobial resistance profile ,Chocolate ,Child ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evaluation of Chocolate Milk Beverage Formulated with Modified Chitosan.
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Eduardo, M. F., De Mello, K. G. P. Correa, and Polakiewicz, B.
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CHOCOLATE milk , *CHOCOLATE drinks , *MILK , *DIETARY supplements , *CATTLE , *COLOSTRUM , *CHITOSAN - Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin by N-deacetilation, which has the property of gel formation. The objective was to develop a chocolate milk beverage using modified (hydrogel) chitosan as a thickening agent, and to make a sensory and rheological evaluation of this beverage. In the sensory evaluation an acceptability and comparative test with 50 local consumers was carried out, with the developed beverage and samples from the Brazilian market, with the attributes overall acceptability and viscosity. The hybrid hedonic scale was used. The rheological evaluation was carried out with a rotational rheometer (Rheotest) with the H1 probe. A controlled rate test - ramp (0- 500, and 500-0 L s-1, 120 seconds, up and down), at 25ºC was used. There was no difference (P> 0.05) among the beverages in the overall acceptability. In spite of that, the developed beverage had a better score (7.12) in comparison with a market beverage (6.4). The beverages differed in viscosity (P< 0.05); the score of the developed beverage was 7.06 and the score of the market beverage was 5.87. The market beverage fitted to the Ostwald-de- Waele, Bingham, and Casson models, and the developed beverage fitted better to the Ostwald-de-Waele model. The consistence index (K) of the market beverage was 0.150 Pa sn, while that of the developed beverage was 1.590 Pa sn, showing a high difference in the consistence characteristic of the samples. The flow index (n) of the market beverage was 0.625 and that of the developed beverage was 0.435. All market beverages showed thixotropic behavior. The hydrogel chitosan was effective as a thickening agent and furnished a good acceptability of the beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
12. REMOVING THE PRESSURE FROM COMPETITION BY USING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY
- Author
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Anca MADAR
- Subjects
lcsh:HB1-3840 ,chocolate products ,lcsh:HB71-74 ,lcsh:Economic theory. Demography ,lcsh:Economics as a science ,quality strategies ,Food quality - Abstract
The paper describes how Kandia Dulce Company, the largest chocolate producer in Romania, chose to implement the diversification strategy to stay on the market and compete. The introduction refers to the quality and safety of the importance of food and chocolate products, then the paper describes the company and its history, the business environment, its quality policy, the implementation of the quality strategy and its results. The end of the article contains several concluding ideas and remarks related to the present study.
- Published
- 2018
13. Ultrasound-Assisted Method for Extraction of Theobromine and Caffeine from Cacao Seeds and Chocolate Products.
- Author
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Peralta-Jiménez, L. and Cañizares-Macías, M.
- Subjects
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BROMINE , *LIQUID-liquid extraction , *CAFFEINE , *CACAO , *CHOCOLATE candy , *ULTRASONICS , *PHOTOMETRY - Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted method for extraction of theobromine (TB) and caffeine (CF) from cacao seeds and chocolate products was developed. This extraction was carried out in 100 mL of heated water at 80 °C by using a 12.7-mm i.d. ultrasound probe and applying 240 W of power for 180 s. In order to quantify TB and CF, the aqueous extracts were treated with Carrez reagent to remove interferences. Then, 10 mL of the aqueous extract was adjusted at pH 12.5 and 10 mL of chloroform solvent was added. Ultrasound radiation was applied at 160 W of power for 30 s in order to transfer CF to the organic phase. The resulting emulsion was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 5 min to separate the phases. The photometric monitoring was at 276 nm for CF and at 273 nm for TB. This extraction method is simpler than the conventional liquid-liquid extraction which uses separatory funnels, and obtains similar results. By applying ultrasound in cacao seeds, the efficiency of extraction increased by 57.7 % for CF and 43.6 % for TB and by between 12 and 23 % for both analytes in chocolate products, in comparison with those results obtained by a conventional stirring extraction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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14. Outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Sequence Type 34 linked to chocolate products.
- Author
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Lund S, Tahir M, Vohra LI, Hamdana AH, and Ahmad S
- Abstract
As of 3rd June 2022, 445 cases of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type 34 infection had been reported globally. The outbreak was caused by two novel strains of monophasic S. Typhimurium with unusual multi-drug resistance. The majority of these cases involved children aged 10 or younger, and they had a hospitalization rate higher than most previous outbreaks of monophasic S. Typhimurium, but no fatalities were recorded. The infection was traced to certain Belgian chocolate products after extensive microbiological and epidemiological research. Public health officials took immediate action to recall all the contaminated products, and the risk of exposure was reduced. The common symptoms are bloody diarrhea, acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting. This article aims to thoroughly review the recent outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST-34, including its epidemiology and comparison with ongoing outbreaks. We also highlighted past chocolate-related salmonella outbreaks and current control and prevention guidelines and recommendations., Competing Interests: No Conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
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15. Çikolatanın Tarihinde İsviçre ve İsviçre Kültür Ekonomisinde Çikolata
- Author
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KAYA TERME, Kübra, Öğüt Eker, R. Gülin, Türk Halkbilimi, Öğüt Eker, Refia Gülin, Türk Halk Bilimi Anabilim Dalı, and ÖĞÜT EKER, R. Gülin
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Historical development ,Beslenme ve Diyetetik ,Chocolate products ,Economy ,Swiss ,Festivals ,Kültür ekonomisi ,Konu Başlıkları Listesi::Dil ve edebiyat ,Economic effect ,Food culture ,Çikolata, Kültür ekonomisi, İsviçre ,Chocolate ,İsviçre ,Halk Bilimi (Folklor) ,Folklore ,Çikolata - Abstract
KAYA TERME, Kübra. Chocolate in the Swiss and Swiss Cultural Economy in the History of Chocolate, Master Thesis, Ankara, 2019. Since the economic development forces of the countries have started to shape in a correct proportion with their cultural characteristics in recent years, the food and drink culture, which is an element of economy and consumption, has become a subject to be studied in the field of Turkish Folklore. In addition, chocolate, which is widely used in the eating and drinking cultures of societies. In the past 3000 years, the history of chocolate began with olmekler living in the lowlands in southern Mexico, and the Mayans and Aztecs who were neighbors of Olmekler, encoded the chocolate as "the food of Gods" in their cultural memory, and then began to take the cocoa beans economically for trading purposes been a subject to be investigated. Today, when chocolate is called, it first comes to mind European countries, especially Switzerland. Switzerland is ranked first in the world by consuming 11 kilograms of chocolate per person per year, and it combines this consumption with the Swiss cultural economy to gain advantage. Especially in the historical process, chocolate has become the image of Switzerland through the innovations and cultural studies that brands have added to the chocolate industry. In this context, the work of creative industries and periodic activities are presented in Switzerland. Three field studies were carried out in this study and the first one was ‘Cailler Maison’. ‘Cailer Maison’ is the third largest factory on the list of most visited museums in Switzerland. The ‘Le Rallye du Chocolat’ is a periodical event that is organized in different periods and cities throughout the year and has not been researched yet. In other words, ‘Festichoc’ has been organized since 2005 and over the years this festival has become a source of economic income. This study is composed of five parts: Basic Concepts and Approaches, The Historical Origin of Chocolate, The Arrival of Chocolate to Europe, The Brands in Switzerland and Switzerland That Make Chocolate Country in the History of Chocolate, and The Place of Chocolate in the Swiss Culture and Economy. In this study, the research areas mentioned above have been examined and the cultural economic dimension of chocolate in Switzerland and its place in Swiss cultural memory has been determined, thus contributing to cultural economy Studies in Turkey and introducing new study areas. Chocolate, Swiss culture memory 19. while it can be located from the beginning of the century, local products such as baklava, Mesir putty are constantly available in Turkish cultural memory. In order to achieve economic income from local products, our study has been prepared in order to organize the periodical activities mentioned above in Turkey and to make the production areas a touristic place for economic gain in Turkey as an example for creative industries in Turkey. In order to do this, there is also a need for the innovations and investments that professional brands will provide to the sector. Keywords Culture economics, Chocolate, Factory, Museum, Festival and Event, Switzerland, Turkey, Baklava, Mesir putty. ÖZET KAYA TERME, Kübra. Çikolatanın Tarihinde İsviçre ve İsviçre Kültür Ekonomisinde Çikolata, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2019. Ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma güçleri, son yıllarda, kültürel özellikleriyle doğru orantılı olarak şekillenmeye başladığı için ekonomi ve dolayısıyla tüketim unsuru olan yeme içme kültürü, Türk Halkbilimi alanında çalışılması gereken bir konu hâline gelmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak günümüzde toplumların yeme içme kültürleri içerisinde yoğun olarak yer alan çikolata da araştırılması gereken bir konu olmuştur. Çikolatanın tarihi 3000 yıl kadar önceki zamanlarda, Meksika’nın güneyindeki alçak alanlara yayılmış ormanlarda yaşayan Olmeklerle başlamıştır ve Olmekler’in komşuları olan Mayalar ve Aztekler, Olmekler’den öğrendikleri çikolatayı öncelikle kültür belleklerinde ‘tanrıların yiyeceği’ olarak kodlamışlar daha sonra kakao çekirdeklerini ticaret amaçlı kullanarak ekonomik açıdan çikolatayı ele almaya başlamışlardır. Günümüzde çikolata denilince akla ilk olarak Avrupa ülkeleri özellikle de İsviçre gelmektedir. İsviçre yılda kişi başına 11 kilo çikolata tüketerek dünya sıralamasında birinci sıradadır ve bu tüketimi İsviçre kültür ekonomisi ile birleştirerek avantaja çevirmiştir. Özellikle tarihsel süreçte çikolata sektörüne markaların katmış olduğu yenilikler ve kültürel çalışmalar aracılığıyla çikolata İsviçre’nin imgesi hâline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda İsviçre’de yaratıcı endüstrilerin çalışmalarına ve dönemsel etkinliklere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmamızda bu kapsamda üç saha çalışması yapılmıştır ve bunlardan ilki ‘Cailler Maison’dur. ‘Cailler Maison’ İsviçre’de en çok ziyaret edilen müzeler listesinde üçüncü sırada yer alan bir fabrikadır. Dönemsel bir etkinlik olan ‘Le Rallye du Chocolat’ ise yıl içerisinde farklı dönemler ve şehirlerde düzenlenen, üzerinde henüz araştırma yapılmamış olan çikolata mitingidir. Çikolata kapsamında eski bir faaliyet olan ‘Cenevre Çikolata Festivali’ başka bir ifadeyle ‘Festichoc’ 2005 yılından beri düzenlenmektedir ve yıllar içerisinde bu festival ekonomik gelir kaynağı hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, kültürünü ekonomiye yansıtması konusunda başarı göstermiş ve gelişmiş bir Avrupa ülkesi olan İsviçre’nin çikolata bağlamındaki ekonomik faaliyetlerini incelemek üzere; Temel Kavramlar ve Yaklaşımlar, Çikolatanın Tarihî Kökeni, Çikolatanın Avrupa’ya Gelişi, Çikolatanın Tarihinde İsviçre ve İsviçre’yi Çikolata Ülkesi Yapan Markalar ve Çikolatanın İsviçre Kültür Belleği ve Ekonomisindeki Yeri olmak üzere beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızda yukarıda bahsi geçen araştırma sahaları incelenerek çikolatanın, İsviçre’deki kültürel ekonomik boyutu ve İsviçre kültür belleğindeki yeri tespit edilmiş, böylece Türkiye’deki kültür ekonomisi çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması ve yeni çalışma alanları ortaya çıkarması amaçlanmıştır. Çikolata, İsviçre kültür belleğinde 19. yüzyıldan itibaren yer alabilmişken Türkiye kültür belleğinde baklava, mesir macunu gibi yöresel ürünler daimî olarak bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamız yöresel ürünlerden ekonomik gelir elde edebilmek için yukarıda ifade edilen dönemsel etkinliklerin Türkiye’de de düzenlenmesi ve üretim alanlarının turistik mekânlar hâline getirilerek ekonomik kazanç elde edilmesi noktasında Türkiye’deki yaratıcı endüstrilere örnek olabilmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bunun için alanında profesyonel olan markaların sektöre sağlayacağı yeniliklere ve yatırımlara da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler Kültür ekonomisi, çikolata, fabrika, müze, festival ve etkinlik, İsviçre, Türkiye, baklava, mesir macunu.
- Published
- 2019
16. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022.
- Author
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Larkin L, Pardos de la Gandara M, Hoban A, Pulford C, Jourdan-Da Silva N, de Valk H, Browning L, Falkenhorst G, Simon S, Lachmann R, Dryselius R, Karamehmedovic N, Börjesson S, van Cauteren D, Laisnez V, Mattheus W, Pijnacker R, van den Beld M, Mossong J, Ragimbeau C, Vergison A, Thorstensen Brandal L, Lange H, Garvey P, Nielsen CS, Herrera León S, Varela C, Chattaway M, Weill FX, Brown D, and McKeown P
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, United Kingdom epidemiology, Chocolate, Salmonella typhimurium genetics
- Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Sürülebilir sütlü ve bitter kakaolu fındıklı krema üretiminde şeker yerine melasın (toz) kullanımının araştırılması
- Author
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Özat, Esef, Poyrazoğlu, Ender Sinan, and Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Cocoa ,Food Engineering ,Chocolate products ,Molasses ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Sürülebilir kakaolu fındıklı kremaları ülkemizde ve dünyada her yaş grubundan tüketicinin sıklıkla tükettiği bir ürün grubudur. Fakat tüketicilerin ilgisi her geçen yıl daha düşük kalorili, daha besleyici veya fonksiyonel özellikli ürünlere yönelmektedir.Bu çalışmada lif ve mineral madde yönünden zengin, şeker oranı düşük aynı zamanda bir gıda sanayi atığı olan melasın sürülebilir kakaolu fındıklı kremalarda şeker yerine kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Tez çalışması kapsamında, formülasyonlarda şeker yerine %25, %50, %75 ve %100 düzeylerinde kurutulmuş toz melas kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerin, başlıca kalite parametreleri olarak renk [L* (parlaklık), C* (kroma), hue açısı], tekstür (sürülebilirlik), su aktivitesi, nem içeriği, kül içeriği, partikül büyüklüğü, reolojik ve duyusal özellikler gibi parametreleri incelenmiştir.Sütlü ve bitter kakaolu fındıklı kremalarında toz melasın kullanım miktarındaki artışa bağlı olarak partikül boyutu, kül değerleri, nem değerleri, sıkılık ve yapışkanlık değerleri artmıştır. Örneklerde su aktivitesi (aw) değerleri toz melasın kullanım miktarı arttıkça azalmıştır.Toz melas kullanımı ile renk parametrelerindeki değişim sütlü örneklerde bitter örneklerinden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bununda temel nedeninin bitter ürünlerinin renginin sütlü ürünlere göre koyu olması renk değişimlerinin düşük düzeyde kalmasını sağlamıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre toz melas katılmış sütlü kakaolu fındıklı krema n ve K (Pasn) değerleri sırasıyla 0.626–0.818 ile 28.700–10.245 Pa.sn arasında, bitter sürülebilir kakaolu fındıklı kremanın n ve K (Pasn) değerleri ise sırasıyla 0.372-0.778 ile 73.000-21.885 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Toz melas kullanımı K (Pasn) değeri üzerinde azalan bir etki göstermiştir.Çalışmamızda duyusal değerlendirmede genel olarak %25 melas tozu içeren örneğin duyusal parametrelerinin kontrol örneğine göre daha yüksek puanlar aldığı melas oranın artması ile bu puanların düştüğü, %100 melas tozu içeren örneklerin çok düşük puanlar aldığı görülmüştür. Spreadable cocoa hazelnut cream is a product group frequently consumed by consumers of all ages in our country and in the world. However, the interest of consumers is turning towards lower calorie, more nutritious or functional products every year.In this study, the use of molasses, which is rich in fiber and mineral substances, low in sugar content and also a food industry waste, is used instead of sugar in spreadable cocoa hazelnut creams.Within the scope of the thesis, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dried powder molasses were used instead of sugar in the formulations.The parameters of the obtained samples such as color [L * (brightness), C * (chroma), hue angle], texture (spreadability), water activity, moisture content, ash content, particle size, rheological and sensory properties were examined. .In milk and bitter cocoa hazelnut creams, particle size, ash values, moisture values, firmness and stickiness values increased due to the increase in the use of powder molasses. In the examples, water activity (aw) values decreased with increasing use of powder molasses.The change in color parameters with powder molasses was found to be higher in milk samples than bitter samples. The main reason for this is that the color of bitter products is darker than that of milk products, thus ensuring low color changes.According to the analysis results, powdered molasses added milky spread cocoa hazelnut cream n and K (Pasn) values ranged between 0.626 - 0.818 and 28.700 - 10.245 Pa.sn, respectively. The n and K (Pasn) values of bitter spread cocoa hazelnut cream added with powder molasses were found to vary between 0.372 - 0.778 and 73.000 - 21.885, respectively. The use of powder molasses showed a decreasing effect on the K (Pasn) value.In our study, it was observed that the sensory parameters of the sample containing 25% molasses powder generally had higher scores compared to the control sample, and that these scores decreased with the increase of molasses and the samples containing 100% molasses powder received very low scores. 65
- Published
- 2019
18. Analiza nakupnih navad potrošnikov čokoladnih izdelkov
- Author
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Ažman, Andrej and Kesič, Dragan
- Subjects
potrošniki ,marketinško komuniciranje ,chocolate products ,brand ,udc:366.12:663.91(043.2) ,nakupne navade ,marketing communication ,shopping habits ,blagovna znamka ,čokoladni izdelki ,consumers - Published
- 2018
19. Virtual reality and immersive environments on sensory perception of chocolate products: A preliminary study
- Author
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Kong, Y, Sharma, Chetan, Kanala, M, Thakur, M, Li, Lu, Xu, Dayao, Harrison, Roland, and Torrico, Damir
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Дослідження ринку хлібопекарної та кондитерської галузей України
- Author
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Berger, Valentyn
- Subjects
subcontracting ,bakery industry ,confectionery industry ,bakery plant ,bakery ,confectionery market ,sugary products ,flour products ,chocolate products ,cooperation ,export ,664.6:640.435 (477) ,субконтрактація ,хлібопекарська промисловість ,кондитерська промисловість ,хлібозавод ,пекарня ,ринок кондитерської продукції ,цукристі вироби ,борошняні вироби ,шоколадні вироби ,кооперування ,експорт ,субконтрактация ,хлебопекарная промышленность ,кондитерская промышленность ,хлебозавод ,рынок кондитерской продукции ,сахаристые изделия ,мучнистые изделия ,шоколадные изделия ,кооперирование ,экспорт - Abstract
The article investigates the markets of baking and confectionery industries of Ukraine in general and Odessa city in particular. The necessity and benefit of subcontracting in above mentioned industries is substantiated. The specific criteria are applied and narrow segment of enterprises is studied. Possibilities of establishing subcontracting links between enterprises in indicated industries in Odessa city are analyzed. Large, small and medium-sized enterprises, which meet all the search conditions, are separately highlighted in analysis process. The article determines that the small and medium-sized enterprises have subcontracting opportunity with the large enterprises in the same region. Information posting of Odessa enterprises goods prices on subcontracting portal is proposed, that will allow finding the most profitable suppliers, stimulating competition between enterprises of same industry and reducing the margins on the goods, В статье исследованы рынки хлебопекарной и кондитерской отраслей Украины в целом и города Одессы в частности. Обоснована необходимость и выгодность субконтрактации в указанных отраслях. Применены специфические критерии и изучен узкий сегмент предприятий. Проанализированы возможности субконтрактации между предприятиями указанных отраслей в г. Одессе. В процессе анализа выделены отдельно большие, малые и средние предприятия, которые удовлетворяют всем условиям поиска. Определено, что у рассмотренных малых и средних предприятиий есть возможность субконтрактации с крупными предприятиями в том же регионе. Предложено размещение информации о ценах на товары одесских предприятий на портале субконтрактации, что позволит найти наиболее выгодных поставщиков, будет стимулировать конкуренцию между предприятиями одной отрасли и способствовать снижению наценки на товар., У статті досліджено ринки хлібопекарської та кондитерської галузей України в цілому і міста Одеси зокрема. Обґрунтовано необхідність і вигідність субконтрактації в зазначених галузях. Застосовано специфічні критерії і вивчено вузький сегмент підприємств. Проаналізовано можливості субконтрактації між підприємствами зазначених галузей в м. Одесі. У процесі аналізу виділено окремо великі й малі та середні підприємства, які задовольняють всім умовам пошуку. Визначено, що у розглянутих малих і середніх підприємств є можливість субконтрактації з великими підприємствами в тому ж регіоні. Запропоновано розміщення інформації щодо цін на товари одеських підприємств на порталі субконтрактації, що дозволить знайти найбільш вигідних постачальників, стимулюватиме конкуренцію між підприємствами однієї галузі і сприятиме зниженню націнки на товар.
- Published
- 2017
21. Prediction of firmness and physical stability of low-fat chocolate spreads
- Author
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Lara Manzocco, Maria Cristina Nicoli, Sonia Calligaris, Lorena Pizzale, and Matteo Camerin
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Fat reduction ,Physical stability ,Mathematical model ,Fat content ,Chemistry ,Sunflower oil ,Chocolate products ,Fats ,Chocolate spread ,Firmness ,Modelling ,food ,Palm kernel ,Palm oil ,Palm kernel oil ,Food science ,Food Science ,Olive oil - Abstract
The research was addressed to develop mathematical predictive models to be applied in the formulation of low-fat chocolate spreads. To this purpose, fats (palm oil, palm kernel fat and their blends) and oils (sunflower oil and extra virgin olive oil) with different physical properties were considered. The effect of lipid type and content on spread firmness and physical stability was assessed by measuring mechanical properties and oil release. Results were described by opportune mathematical models defined by using best-fitting analysis. The effectiveness of the models was finally validated considering the formulation of a chocolate spread having defined firmness and physical stability. The developed mathematical tools could support the choice of the lipid nature and concentration allowing the preparation of chocolate spreads with tailored nutritional properties. In the attempt to reduce fat content, the minimum lipid concentration required to obtaining a homogeneous spread can be predicted by the developed mathematical models.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Simultaneous determination of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine using a modified electrode with petal-like MnO2 nanostructure.
- Author
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Nia, Nasrin Arefi, Foroughi, Mohammad Mehdi, and Jahani, Shohreh
- Subjects
- *
METHYLXANTHINES , *THEOPHYLLINE , *CARBON electrodes , *CAFFEINE , *ELECTRODES , *ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors , *BRANDING (Marketing) - Abstract
This study substantially synthesized the β-type MnO 2 nano-flowers assembled by the hierarchical nano-sheets using a simplified hydro-thermal procedure. According to the FESEM images, MnO 2 nano-flower exhibited diameter of ∼800 nm and fabricated with a lot of irregular sheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nano-meters. Therefore, the study focused on the construction of an electro-chemical sensor to simultaneously determine theobromine (ThB), theophylline (ThP), as well as caffeine (CaF) on the basis of the β-type hierarchical structure of the MnO 2 nano-flowers (βH-MnO 2 -NF) modified electrode (βH-MnO 2 -NF/GCE). Analysis showed an acceptable linear association between the oxidation peak current and ThB, ThP and CaF concentration within the ranges between 0.01 and 320.0 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) equal to 8.7, 5.9, and 10.1 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. Additionally, this study intended to investigate ThB, Thp and CaF bio-availability in the five commercially available brands of the chocolate products and drug. Electrochemical sensor based on β-MnO 2 nanoflower modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detecting theobromine, theophylline and caffeine was fabricated. Image 1 • Petal-like MnO 2 nanostructure were synthesized and characterized by EDX, XRD and SEM. • Petal-like MnO 2 nanostructure was used for modified carbon paste electrode. • This modified electrode was used for the simultaneous determination of 3 methylxanthines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Effects of package type on the quality of fruits and nuts panned in chocolate during long-time storage.
- Author
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Kita, Agnieszka, Lachowicz, Sabina, and Filutowska, Paulina
- Subjects
- *
ALMOND , *CONFECTIONERY , *NUTS , *FRUIT quality , *CONTROLLED atmosphere packaging , *CHOCOLATE , *VACUUM packaging - Abstract
Chocolate confectionery is a type of food the demand for which is observed to increase successively, therefore special attention ought to be paid to its quality; while the quality is primarily influenced by the type of a packaging method and storage time. In this study, we describe results of determinations of the impact of long storage time and package type on chemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and sensory quality of chocolate panned cherries, figs, hazelnuts, and almonds. Chocolate products packed using vacuum (V), modified atmosphere (MA) or traditional packages (T) were stored under standard conditions for 18 months. Most of the products tested in this work throughout a long storage time and in different packages have not been analysed in this respect until now. The findings from this work demonstrate that both the storage time and the package type influence the quality of the finished products. The principal component analysis revealed the highest content of polyphenolic compounds that was correlated with the antioxidative activity and the highest scores given in the sensory analysis for the chocolate panned cherries and figs stored up to 9-months and for the chocolate panned hazelnuts and almonds stored for up to 15-months. Study results allow concluding that the T and V type packages can be recommended for the storage of chocolate panned cherries and figs, the MA and V type packages – for chocolate panned hazelnuts, whereas the MA packages – for chocolate panned almonds to preserve their high quality throughout a long storage period. In addition, results obtained are very important not only for the science but also for both the producers and the consumers. • The right choice of package type minimize transformations proceeding in chocolate panned products. • Storage time and package type influence the quality of the finished products. • Traditional and vacuum suitable packaging method for chocolate panned cherries and figs. • Vacuum package suitable packaging method for hazelnuts. • Modified atmosphere suitable packaging method for almonds panned in chocolate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Fatty acid composition of sweet bakery goods and chocolate products and evaluation of overall nutritional quality in relation to the food label information.
- Author
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Yolci Omeroglu, Perihan and Ozdal, Tugba
- Subjects
- *
LABELS , *FOOD labeling , *TRANS fatty acids , *FATTY acids , *CHOCOLATE , *FOOD quality , *OLEIC acid , *BAKED products - Abstract
• Majority of the sweet bakery goods showed high amounts of palmitic and oleic acid. • Recent developments contributed to the decrease trans fatty acid content. • Erucic acid was not detected in sweet bakery and chocolate products analyzed. • Sweet snacks have higher energy density, therefore their intake should be limited. • The source of fats/oils, " trans fatty acid-free "declaration on label are important. The study aimed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition of some sweet bakery goods and chocolate products on Turkey market (n = 35) and to evaluate their overall nutritional quality in relation with the nutritional facts on the label. Moreover, "trans fatty acid (TFA)-free" declaration on the label was checked with the current labelling regulations in Turkey. Majority of the sample groups represented the prevalence of palmitic and oleic acid; on the other hand, it was difficult to specify a sample group with a specific FA. Erucic acid, for which European Commission set maximum limits, was not detected in any of the samples. It was observed that total saturated fatty acids (SFA) constituted more than 44 % of total FA. In all cases, total TFA content was lower than 1 % of total FA. Based on nutritional facts on the label, that type of products provide higher energy with the main source of fat and carbohydrates. Therefore, consumption of those products in a diet should be limited not to gain an excess amount of body weight and to have adverse health effects related to higher SFA content. This study can be regarded as a case surveillance study by providing updated data that can be used by Nutritionals and authorities to make risk assessments on consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments on Sensory Perception of Chocolate Products: A Preliminary Study.
- Author
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Kong, Yanzhuo, Sharma, Chetan, Kanala, Madhuri, Thakur, Mishika, Li, Lu, Xu, Dayao, Harrison, Roland, and Torrico, Damir D.
- Subjects
SHARED virtual environments ,CHOCOLATE ,VIRTUAL reality ,SENSORY perception ,APPLIED sciences ,EMOTIONAL conditioning - Abstract
Traditional booths where sensory evaluation usually takes place are highly controlled and therefore have limited ecological validity. Since virtual reality (VR) is substantially interactive and engaging, it has the potential to be applied in sensory science. In this preliminary study, three chocolate types (milk, white, and dark) were evaluated under three contextual settings, including sensory booths (control) and two VR environments (360-degree videos using VR headsets: (i) a pleasant sightseeing tour, and (ii) a live music concert). Untrained participants (n = 67) were asked to rate their liking and the intensity of different chocolate attributes based on the 9-point hedonic scale and just-about-right-scale (JAR). Emotions were evaluated using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Results showed that there were no significant effects of context type on the tasting experience; however, there were significant effects of chocolate type. Milk and white chocolates were preferred over dark chocolate irrespective of the context type. Additionally, more positive emotions were elicited for the dark chocolate in the "virtual live concert" environment. Dark chocolate under the other two environments was associated with negative emotional terms, such as "bored" and "worried." In terms of more reliable and ecologically valid sensory responses, further research is needed to match suitable VR environments to different chocolate types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Çikolata ve sütlü-kremalı keklerin üretim aşamalarında potansiyel risk oluşturabilecek Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter (enterobacter) sakazakii ve Salmonella spp. patojen bakterilerinin real-time PCR yöntemi ile belirlenmesi
- Author
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Akgül Keser, Büşra, Ateş, Mustafa, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, and Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Real-Time PCR, chocolate, milk-cream cakes, Salmonella spp., L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii ,Milky desserts ,Real-Time PCR, çikolata, sütlü kremalı kek, Salmonella spp, L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii ,Chocolate products ,Food Hygiene and Technology ,Enterobacter sakazakii ,Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi ,Polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Bu araştırmada bir gıda üretim tesisinde 01.11.2013-30.04.2014 tarihleri arasında toplam altı ay boyunca üretilen ürünlerin (çikolata ve sütlü-kremalı kekler); hammadde, yarı ürün (üretim aşamasında alınan örnekler) ve final ürünlerinde örnekleme yapılmıştır. Bu gıda maddeleri için risk potansiyeli en yüksek olan üç patojenin (L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii ve Salmonella spp.) varlığı diğer yöntemlere göre daha hassas, verimli ve en önemlisi hızlı bir şekilde tespit eden Real-Time PCR yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir.Buna göre çikolata (kakaolu fındık ezmesi) ve sütlü-kremalı keklerin yapımında kullanılan 213 adet hammaddede, hammaddenin çeşidine ve risk potansiyeline göre katogorize edilerek, Salmonella spp, L.monocytogenes ve C.sakazakii analizleri yapılmıştır. Yarı ürün kontrollerinde toplam 62 adet fındık ezmesinde Salmonella spp. analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Final ürünlerde ise 87 adet çikolata (kakaolu fındık ezmesi) numunesinde Salmonella spp. analizleri yapılırken, 35 adet sütlü-kremalı kek ve 39 adet çikolata kaplı sütlü-kremalı kek numunelerinde Salmonella spp. ve L.monocytogenes analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda yarı ürün ve final ürünlerde hiç patojen bakteri tespit edilmemiştir. Hammaddelerden ise sadece iki ayrı lotta ait pastörize yumurtada Real-Time PCR'da Salmonella spp. tespit edilmiştir. Pozitif numunelerde klasik kültürel metotla yapılan doğrulama sonucunda sadece bir lotta ait yumurtada Salmonella spp. olduğu kanıtlanırken diğer lotta ait örnekteki sonucun hatalı pozitif olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Real-Time PCR hızlı ve duyarlı bir sistem olup çok düşük yüzdede hatalı pozitif sonuç verebileceğinden pozitif sonuçlar mutlaka klasik metotla doğrulanmalıdır.Sonuç olarak gıda güvenliği yüksek, kaliteli bir ürün üretmenin temel şartlarından birsinin düşük riskli hammadde temini olduğunu ve insanlarda sağlık problemi oluşturmayan güvenli bir gıda üretimi için üretimden tüketime kadar her basamakta alınması gereken tedbirler vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar kelime: Real-Time PCR, çikolata, sütlü kremalı kek, Salmonella spp, L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii. In this study, exemplification at raw material, semi manufactured and final products was made in the products (chocolate and milk-cream cakes) during six months between the dates 01.11.2013-30.04.2014 at a food production facility. Three pathogen (L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii and Salmonella spp.) which have the highest potential risk for foodstuffs were determined by Real-Time PCR method that has more precise, efficient and most importantly quickly detection comparative to other methods. Salmonella spp., L.monocytogenes and C.sakazakii analysis were performed by categorize with regard to raw material type and risk potential in 213 raw materials which were used in the making of chocolate (hazelnut spread with cocoa) and milk-cream cakes. Salmonella spp. analyses were carried out in semi manufactured controls at a total of 62 pieces of hazelnut spread. While Salmonella spp. analysis were performed in 87 pieces of chocolate (hazelnut spread with cocoa) samples, Salmonella spp. and L.monocytogenes analysis were carried out in 35 pieces of milk-cream cakes and 39 pieces of chocolate covered milk-cream cakes samples in the final products.As a result of the studies, any pathogen bacteria were not detected in semi and final products. As to raw materials, Salmonella spp. were detected in only pasteurized egg belonging to the two different lot numbers with Real-Time PCR. Whereas as a results of confirmation of positive sample with classical method Salmonella spp. was just existed in a egg belonging to one lot number, it was deduced that the positive sample belonging to the other lot numbers was false. Positive results should be confirmed with classical method absolutely due to the fact that Real-time PCR is a quick and precision system which can be led to false positive results at low percentage.In conclusion, the importance of low risk raw material supply in order to produce quality products and precautions, which should be taken every stage from production to consumption, receive emphasis not to create health problems in humans for a safe food production.Key words: Real-Time PCR, chocolate, milk-cream cakes, Salmonella spp., L.monocytogenes, C.sakazakii. 117
- Published
- 2015
27. Sustainable food packaging: a case study of chocolate products
- Author
-
Allione, Cristina, DE GIORGI, Claudia, Lerma, Beatrice, and Petruccelli, Luca
- Subjects
chocolate products ,packaging end of life treatments ,food packaging ,environmental life cycle performances ,evaluation system and method - Published
- 2011
28. Influence of aeration process on the texture of chocolate filling
- Author
-
Ulutaş, Nida, Boyacıoğlu, Dilek, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Textural properties ,Sensory evaluation ,Sensorial properties ,Filling ,Food Engineering ,Chocolate products ,Chocolate ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Bu çalışmada aerasyon işlemi uygulanmış bir çikolata dolgusunun doku ve ağız hissi özelliklerini geliştirmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla aerasyonda kullanılan gaz (CO2 and N2), aerasyon yüzdesi (N2 için % 15 ve %35, CO2 için %35 ve %65) ve dolgulu çikolata ürününün çikolata kabuğunun kalınlığının (1,4 ve 2,6mm) dokusal etkileri araştırılmış, değerlendirme için Kantitatif Tanımlayıcı Test (QDA) kullanılmıştır. Duyusal testte piyasada en çok bilinen benzer 2 ürünle karşılaştırma da yapılmıştır. Örneklerde aerasyon yüzdesi, sertlik, gaz kabarcıklarının boyut ve dağılımı ile katı yağ içeriği gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dolgu yumuşaklığı açısından belirleyici etkenin aerasyon yüzdesinden ziyade çikolata kabuğunun kalınlığı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Piyasadaki diğer ürünler daha yumuşak bulunmuştur. Fiziksel analizler gaz kabarcıklarının boyutunun ve dağılımlarındaki düzensizliğin aerasyon seviyesinin yükselişine bağlı olarak arttığını ve CO2'nin N2'ye oranla daha büyük kabarcıklar oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak kabuk kalınlığının azaltılmasına, aerasyon yüzdesinin orta düzeyde tutulmasına (%30 civarında), aerasyon gazı olarak N2 kullanılmasına ve dolgu bileşiminin yumuşak bir doku elde edilecek yönde değiştirilmesine karar verilmiştir. This study aimed to improve the texture and mouth feel attributes of an existing aerated filling. For this purpose; the textural effects of aeration gas type (CO2 and N2), aeration percentage (15% and 35% with N2, 35% and 65% with CO2) and chocolate shell thickness (1,4 and 2,6mm) of the filled chocolate product were investigated using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) for assessment. Two similar most known products in the market were also included in sensory test for comparison. Physical and chemical analysis of samples such as aeration percentage, hardness, bubble size and distribution and solid fat content were also carried out. The chocolate shell thickness was found to be the driving factor rather than aeration percentage for the perception of filling softness. The other two products were found softer. Physical analyses showed that the bubble size and the non-uniformity of the bubble distribution increase with increasing aeration level and usage of CO2 led to bigger bubbles versus N2. In conclusion, it was decided to decrease the shell thickness, to keep the aeration percentage in the medium range (around 30%), to use N2 as aeration gas and to modify the filling recipe in the way to have a softer texture. 121
- Published
- 2010
29. Şekerli ve çikolatalı mamuller endüstrisinde dış satım yapan KOBİ'lerin sorunları üzerine bir araştırma (Ankara İli örneği)
- Author
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Atalay, Müjde, Tufan, Ayhan, and Diğer
- Subjects
Ziraat ,Small and Medium Sized Firms ,Chocolate products ,Agriculture ,Ankara ,Sugar products ,Agricultural economy - Abstract
ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi ŞEKERLİ VE ÇİKOLATALI MAMULLER ENDÜSTRİSİNDE DIŞ SATIMYAPAN KOBİ'LERÎN SORUNLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (ANKARA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ) MÜJDE ATALAY Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Ekonomisi Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof.Dr. Ayhan Tufan Bu araştırmanın amacı, tarıma dayalı gıda endüstrisi içerisinde yer alan, şekerli ve çikolatalı mamuller endüstrisinde dış satım yapan Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki işletmelerin (KOBİ'lerin) mevcut ekonomik sistem içerisinde karşılaştıkları sorunları Ankara İli kapsamında saptamak ve bu sorunların gelişimine ışık tutacak yeni strateji ve yaklaşımlar geliştirmektir. Gümrük Birliği kapsamında işlenmiş tarım ürünü olarak ele alınan şekerli ve çikolatalı mamuller, içerdikleri hububat, şeker ve/veya süt miktarına göre tarım payı itibariyle vergiye tabi tutulmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana veri kaynağım dış satımcı ve üretici dış satımcı firmalardan anket yöntemiyle toplanan veriler oluşturmaktadır, örnek il olarak seçilen Ankara'da 11 'i dış satımcı, 6'sı da üretici-dış satımcı olmak üzere toplam 17 firma ile görüşülmüştür. Firmaların dış satım basanlarım etkileyen başlıca etmenler sermaye yetersizliği, istenilen kalite ve standartta üretim yapılamaması, teknik bilgi eksikliği ve nitelikli eleman istihdam edememe şeklinde sıralanabilir. 2001, 93 sayfa ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Şekerli ve çikolatalı mamul, KOBİ, tarım payı, dış satım, dış al mı. ABSTRACT Master Thesis A RESEARCH STUDY ON PROBLEMS OF SMALL AND MEDÎUM SÎZED ENTERPRISES IN EXPORT OF SUGAR AND CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONARY SECTOR AND POLICY SUGGESTIONS (I.E ANKARA) MÜJDE ATALAY Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Agricultural Economiy Supervisor.Prof.Dr. Ayhan TUFAN The purpose of this survey is to find out the problems that small and medium sized enterprises which exports nourishment industrial products, include sugar and chocalate, opposes in the present economic system and to develop and create new strategies. The sugar and chocolate products, according to the amounts of their cereal, sugar and milk that is accepted as agricultural crude products in the European Union areto be taxed as their agricultural rate. The main source of the survey is developed by the informations that are gathered by the survey of the producers and exporters. It is interviwed with 17 companies 11 of which are exports and 6 of which are producer and exporters in Ankara, the sample city. The main elements of the exports failure of the companies are the lack of capital, the quality of the products, the lack of technical information and the failure of having qualified employees. 2001, 93 page KEY WORDS: Sugar and chocolate confectionary, Small and medium sized enterprises, agricultural rate, export, import. 94
- Published
- 2001
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