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1. Characterization of SETD1A haploinsufficiency in humans and Drosophila defines a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome

Author: Kummeling, J., Stremmelaar, D.E., Raun, N., Reijnders, M.R., Willemsen, M.H., Ruiterkamp-Versteeg, M., Schepens, M.T.M., Man, C.C.O., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Sinnema, M., Wheless, J.W., Simon, M.E., Genetti, C.A., Casey, A.M., Terhal, P.A., Smagt, J.J. van der, Gassen, K.L.I. van, Joset, P., Bahr, A., Steindl, K., Rauch, A., Keller, E., Raas-Rothschild, A., Koolen, D.A., Agrawal, P.B., Hoffman, T.L., Powell-Hamilton, N.N., Thiffault, I., Engleman, K., Zhou, D., Bodamer, O., Hoefele, J., Riedhammer, K.M., Schwaibold, E.M.C., Tasic, V., Schubert, D., Top, D., Pfundt, R.P., Higgs, M.R., Kramer, J.M., Kleefstra, T., Kummeling, J., Stremmelaar, D.E., Raun, N., Reijnders, M.R., Willemsen, M.H., Ruiterkamp-Versteeg, M., Schepens, M.T.M., Man, C.C.O., Gilissen, C.F.H.A., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Sinnema, M., Wheless, J.W., Simon, M.E., Genetti, C.A., Casey, A.M., Terhal, P.A., Smagt, J.J. van der, Gassen, K.L.I. van, Joset, P., Bahr, A., Steindl, K., Rauch, A., Keller, E., Raas-Rothschild, A., Koolen, D.A., Agrawal, P.B., Hoffman, T.L., Powell-Hamilton, N.N., Thiffault, I., Engleman, K., Zhou, D., Bodamer, O., Hoefele, J., Riedhammer, K.M., Schwaibold, E.M.C., Tasic, V., Schubert, D., Top, D., Pfundt, R.P., Higgs, M.R., Kramer, J.M., and Kleefstra, T.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Defects in histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are major contributing factors in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Heterozygous variants of SETD1A involved in histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation were previously identified in individuals with schizophrenia. Here, we define the clinical features of the Mendelian syndrome associated with haploinsufficiency of SETD1A by investigating 15 predominantly pediatric individuals who all have de novo SETD1A variants. These individuals present with a core set of symptoms comprising global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, subtle facial dysmorphisms, behavioral and psychiatric problems. We examined cellular phenotypes in three patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines with three variants: p.Gly535Alafs*12, c.4582-2_4582delAG, and p.Tyr1499Asp. These patient cell lines displayed DNA damage repair defects that were comparable to previously observed RNAi-mediated depletion of SETD1A. This suggested that these variants, including the p.Tyr1499Asp in the catalytic SET domain, behave as loss-of-function (LoF) alleles. Previous studies demonstrated a role for SETD1A in cell cycle control and differentiation. However, individuals with SETD1A variants do not show major structural brain defects or severe microcephaly, suggesting that defective proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors is unlikely the single underlying cause of the disorder. We show here that the Drosophila melanogaster SETD1A orthologue is required in postmitotic neurons of the fly brain for normal memory, suggesting a role in post development neuronal function. Together, this study defines a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by dominant de novo LoF variants in SETD1A and further supports a role for H3K4 methyltransferases in the regulation of neuronal processes underlying normal cognitive functioning.
Published: 2021

2. Lysine acetyltransferase 8 is involved in cerebral development and syndromic intellectual disability.

Author: Li, L, Ghorbani, M., Weisz-Hubshman, M., Rousseau, J., Thiffault, I., Schnur, R.E., Breen, C., Oegema, R., Weiss, M.M., Waisfisz, Q., Welner, S., Kingston, H., Hills, J.A., Boon, E.M., Basel-Salmon, L., Konen, O., Goldberg-Stern, H., Bazak, L., Tzur, S., Jin, J., Bi, X., Bruccoleri, M., McWalter, K., Cho, M.T., Scarano, M., Schaefer, G.B., Brooks, S.S., Hughes, S.S., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Hagen, J.M. van, Pandita, T.K., Agrawal, P.B., Campeau, P.M., Yang, X.J., Li, L, Ghorbani, M., Weisz-Hubshman, M., Rousseau, J., Thiffault, I., Schnur, R.E., Breen, C., Oegema, R., Weiss, M.M., Waisfisz, Q., Welner, S., Kingston, H., Hills, J.A., Boon, E.M., Basel-Salmon, L., Konen, O., Goldberg-Stern, H., Bazak, L., Tzur, S., Jin, J., Bi, X., Bruccoleri, M., McWalter, K., Cho, M.T., Scarano, M., Schaefer, G.B., Brooks, S.S., Hughes, S.S., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Hagen, J.M. van, Pandita, T.K., Agrawal, P.B., Campeau, P.M., and Yang, X.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 218644.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)
Published: 2020

3. MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome is a novel neurodevelopmental and craniofacial disorder with partial rhombencephalosynapsis

Author: Mak, C.C., Doherty, D., Lin, A.E., Vegas, N., Cho, M.T., Viot, G., Dimartino, C., Weisfeld-Adams, J.D., Lessel, D., Joss, S., Li, C., Gonzaga-Jauregui, C., Zarate, Y.A., Ehmke, N., Horn, D., Troyer, C., Kant, S.G., Lee, Y., Ishak, G.E., Leung, G., Pritchard, A. Barone, Yang, S., Bend, E.G., Filippini, F., Roadhouse, C., Lebrun, N., Mehaffey, M.G., Martin, P.M., Apple, B., Millan, F., Puk, O., Hoffer, M.J.V., Henderson, L.B., McGowan, R., Wentzensen, I.M., Pei, S., Zahir, F.R., Yu, M., Gibson, W.T., Seman, A., Steeves, M., Murrell, J.R., Luettgen, S., Francisco, E., Strom, T.M., Amlie-Wolf, L., Kaindl, A.M., Wilson, W.G., Halbach, S., Basel-Salmon, L., Lev-El, N., Denecke, J., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Radtke, K., Chelly, J., Zackai, E., Friedman, J.M., Bamshad, M.J., Nickerson, D.A., Reid, R.R., Devriendt, K., Chae, J.H., Stolerman, E., McDougall, C., Powis, Z., Bienvenu, T., Tan, T.Y., Orenstein, N., Dobyns, W.B., Shieh, J.T., Choi, M., Waggoner, D., Gripp, K.W., Parker, M.J., Stoler, J., Lyonnet, S., Cormier-Daire, V., Viskochil, D., Hoffman, T.L., Amiel, J., Chung, B.H., Gordon, C.T., Mak, C.C., Doherty, D., Lin, A.E., Vegas, N., Cho, M.T., Viot, G., Dimartino, C., Weisfeld-Adams, J.D., Lessel, D., Joss, S., Li, C., Gonzaga-Jauregui, C., Zarate, Y.A., Ehmke, N., Horn, D., Troyer, C., Kant, S.G., Lee, Y., Ishak, G.E., Leung, G., Pritchard, A. Barone, Yang, S., Bend, E.G., Filippini, F., Roadhouse, C., Lebrun, N., Mehaffey, M.G., Martin, P.M., Apple, B., Millan, F., Puk, O., Hoffer, M.J.V., Henderson, L.B., McGowan, R., Wentzensen, I.M., Pei, S., Zahir, F.R., Yu, M., Gibson, W.T., Seman, A., Steeves, M., Murrell, J.R., Luettgen, S., Francisco, E., Strom, T.M., Amlie-Wolf, L., Kaindl, A.M., Wilson, W.G., Halbach, S., Basel-Salmon, L., Lev-El, N., Denecke, J., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Radtke, K., Chelly, J., Zackai, E., Friedman, J.M., Bamshad, M.J., Nickerson, D.A., Reid, R.R., Devriendt, K., Chae, J.H., Stolerman, E., McDougall, C., Powis, Z., Bienvenu, T., Tan, T.Y., Orenstein, N., Dobyns, W.B., Shieh, J.T., Choi, M., Waggoner, D., Gripp, K.W., Parker, M.J., Stoler, J., Lyonnet, S., Cormier-Daire, V., Viskochil, D., Hoffman, T.L., Amiel, J., Chung, B.H., and Gordon, C.T.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 218289.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), MN1 encodes a transcriptional co-regulator without homology to other proteins, previously implicated in acute myeloid leukaemia and development of the palate. Large deletions encompassing MN1 have been reported in individuals with variable neurodevelopmental anomalies and non-specific facial features. We identified a cluster of de novo truncating mutations in MN1 in a cohort of 23 individuals with strikingly similar dysmorphic facial features, especially midface hypoplasia, and intellectual disability with severe expressive language delay. Imaging revealed an atypical form of rhombencephalosynapsis, a distinctive brain malformation characterized by partial or complete loss of the cerebellar vermis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, in 8/10 individuals. Rhombencephalosynapsis has no previously known definitive genetic or environmental causes. Other frequent features included perisylvian polymicrogyria, abnormal posterior clinoid processes and persistent trigeminal artery. MN1 is encoded by only two exons. All mutations, including the recurrent variant p.Arg1295* observed in 8/21 probands, fall in the terminal exon or the extreme 3' region of exon 1, and are therefore predicted to result in escape from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This was confirmed in fibroblasts from three individuals. We propose that the condition described here, MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome, is not due to MN1 haploinsufficiency but rather is the result of dominantly acting C-terminally truncated MN1 protein. Our data show that MN1 plays a critical role in human craniofacial and brain development, and opens the door to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying rhombencephalosynapsis.
Published: 2020

4. De Novo Variants in CNOT1, a Central Component of the CCR4-NOT Complex Involved in Gene Expression and RNA and Protein Stability, Cause Neurodevelopmental Delay

Author: Vissers, L.E.L.M., Kalvakuri, S., Boer, E. de, Geuer, S., Oud, M.M., Outersterp, I. van, Kwint, M.P., Witmond, M., Kersten, S., Polla, D.L., Weijers, D., Begtrup, A., McWalter, K., Ruiz, A., Gabau, E., Morton, J.E., Griffith, C., Weiss, K., Gamble, C., Bartley, J., Vernon, H.J., Brunet, K., Ruivenkamp, C., Kant, S.G., Kruszka, P., Larson, A., Afenjar, A., Billette de Villemeur, T., Nugent, K., Raymond, F.L., Venselaar, H., Demurger, F., Soler-Alfonso, C., Li, D., Bhoj, E., Hayes, I., Hamilton, N.P., Ahmad, A., Fisher, R., Born, M. van den, Willems, M., Sorlin, A., Delanne, J., Moutton, S., Christophe, P., Mau-Them, F.T., Vitobello, A., Goel, H., Massingham, L., Phornphutkul, C., Schwab, J., Keren, B., Charles, P., Vreeburg, M., Simone, L. De, Hoganson, G., Iascone, M., Milani, D., Evenepoel, L., Revencu, N., Ward, D.I., Burns, K., Krantz, I., Raible, S.E., Murrell, J.R., Wood, K., Cho, M.T., Bokhoven, H. van, Muenke, M., Kleefstra, T., Bodmer, R., Brouwer, A.P.M. de, Vissers, L.E.L.M., Kalvakuri, S., Boer, E. de, Geuer, S., Oud, M.M., Outersterp, I. van, Kwint, M.P., Witmond, M., Kersten, S., Polla, D.L., Weijers, D., Begtrup, A., McWalter, K., Ruiz, A., Gabau, E., Morton, J.E., Griffith, C., Weiss, K., Gamble, C., Bartley, J., Vernon, H.J., Brunet, K., Ruivenkamp, C., Kant, S.G., Kruszka, P., Larson, A., Afenjar, A., Billette de Villemeur, T., Nugent, K., Raymond, F.L., Venselaar, H., Demurger, F., Soler-Alfonso, C., Li, D., Bhoj, E., Hayes, I., Hamilton, N.P., Ahmad, A., Fisher, R., Born, M. van den, Willems, M., Sorlin, A., Delanne, J., Moutton, S., Christophe, P., Mau-Them, F.T., Vitobello, A., Goel, H., Massingham, L., Phornphutkul, C., Schwab, J., Keren, B., Charles, P., Vreeburg, M., Simone, L. De, Hoganson, G., Iascone, M., Milani, D., Evenepoel, L., Revencu, N., Ward, D.I., Burns, K., Krantz, I., Raible, S.E., Murrell, J.R., Wood, K., Cho, M.T., Bokhoven, H. van, Muenke, M., Kleefstra, T., Bodmer, R., and Brouwer, A.P.M. de
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 220423.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), CNOT1 is a member of the CCR4-NOT complex, which is a master regulator, orchestrating gene expression, RNA deadenylation, and protein ubiquitination. We report on 39 individuals with heterozygous de novo CNOT1 variants, including missense, splice site, and nonsense variants, who present with a clinical spectrum of intellectual disability, motor delay, speech delay, seizures, hypotonia, and behavioral problems. To link CNOT1 dysfunction to the neurodevelopmental phenotype observed, we generated variant-specific Drosophila models, which showed learning and memory defects upon CNOT1 knockdown. Introduction of human wild-type CNOT1 was able to rescue this phenotype, whereas mutants could not or only partially, supporting our hypothesis that CNOT1 impairment results in neurodevelopmental delay. Furthermore, the genetic interaction with autism-spectrum genes, such as ASH1L, DYRK1A, MED13, and SHANK3, was impaired in our Drosophila models. Molecular characterization of CNOT1 variants revealed normal CNOT1 expression levels, with both mutant and wild-type alleles expressed at similar levels. Analysis of protein-protein interactions with other members indicated that the CCR4-NOT complex remained intact. An integrated omics approach of patient-derived genomics and transcriptomics data suggested only minimal effects on endonucleolytic nonsense-mediated mRNA decay components, suggesting that de novo CNOT1 variants are likely haploinsufficient hypomorph or neomorph, rather than dominant negative. In summary, we provide strong evidence that de novo CNOT1 variants cause neurodevelopmental delay with a wide range of additional co-morbidities. Whereas the underlying pathophysiological mechanism warrants further analysis, our data demonstrate an essential and central role of the CCR4-NOT complex in human brain development.
Published: 2020

5. Histone H3.3 beyond cancer: Germline mutations in Histone 3 Family 3A and 3B cause a previously unidentified neurodegenerative disorder in 46 patients

Author: Bryant, L. (Laura), Li, D. (Dong), Cox, S.G. (Samuel G.), Marchione, D. (Dylan), Joiner, E.F. (Evan F.), Wilson, K. (Khadija), Janssen, K. (Kevin), Lee, P. (Pearl), March, K. (Keith), Nair, D. (Divya), Sherr, E. (Elliott), Fregeau, B. (Brieana), Wierenga, K.J. (Klaas J.), Wadley, A. (Alexandrea), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Powell-Hamilton, N. (Nina), Kamp, J.J.P. (Jacques) van de, Grebe, T. (Theresa), Dean, J. (John), Ross, A.J. (Alison), Crawford, H.P. (Heather P.), Powis, Z. (Zoe), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Willing, M.C. (Marcia C.), Manwaring, L. (Linda), Schot, R. (Rachel), Nava, C. (Caroline), Afenjar, A. (Alexandra), Lessel, D. (Davor), Wagner, M. (Matias), Klopstock, T. (Thomas), Winkelmann, B., Catarino, C.B. (Claudia B.), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Schuette, J.L. (Jane L.), Innis, J.W. (Jeffrey), Pizzino, A. (Amy), Lüttgen, S. (Sabine), Denecke, J. (Jonas), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Yuan, Z.-F. (Zuo-Fei), Dubbs, H. (Holly), Bend, R. (Renee), Lee, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Lyons, M.J. (Michael J.), Hoefele, J. (Julia), Günthner, R. (Roman), Reutter, H. (Heiko), Keren, B. (Boris), Radtke, K. (Kelly), Sherbini, O. (Omar), Mrokse, C. (Cameron), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Cogne, B. (Benjamin), Mercier, S. (Sandra), Bezieau, S. (Stephane), Besnard, T. (Thomas), Kury, S. (Sebastien), Redon, R. (Richard), Reinson, K. (Karit), Wojcik, M.H. (Monica H.), Õunap, K. (Katrin), Ilves, P. (Pilvi), Innes, A.M. (A Micheil), Kernohan, K.D. (Kristin), Costain, G. (Gregory), Meyn, M.S. (M Stephen), Chitayat, D. (David), Zackai, E. (Elaine), Lehman, A. (Anna), Kitson, H. (Hilary), Martin, M.G. (Martin G.), Martinez-Agosto, J.A. (Julian A.), Nelson, S.F. (Stan F.), Palmer, C.G.S. (Christina G S), Papp, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Parker, N.H. (Neil H.), Sinsheimer, J.S. (Janet S.), Vilain, E. (Eric), Wan, J. (Jijun), Yoon, A.J. (Amanda J.), Zheng, A. (Allison), Brimble, E. (Elise), Ferrero, G.B. (Giovanni Battista), Radio, F.C. (Francesca Clementina), Carli, D. (Diana), Barresi, S. (Sabina), Brusco, A. (Alfredo), Tartaglia, M. (Marco), Thomas, J.M. (Jennifer Muncy), Umana, L. (Luis), Weiss, M.M. (Marjan M.), Gotway, G. (Garrett), Stuurman, K.E. (Kyra), Thompson, M.L. (Michelle L.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Stumpel, C.T.R.M. (Constance T R M), Stevens, S.J.C. (Servi J C), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P A), Tveten, K. (Kristian), Vøllo, A. (Arve), Prescott, T. (Trine), Fagerberg, C. (Christina), Laulund, L.W. (Lone Walentin), Larsen, M.J. (Martin J.), Byler, M. (Melissa), Lebel, R.R. (Robert Roger), Hurst, A.C. (Anna C.), Dean, J. (Joy), Schrier Vergano, S.A. (Samantha A.), Norman, J. (Jennifer), Mercimek-Andrews, S. (Saadet), Neira, J. (Juanita), Van Allen, M.I. (Margot I.), Longo, N. (Nicola), Sellars, E. (Elizabeth), Louie, R.J. (Raymond J.), Cathey, S.S. (Sara S.), Brokamp, E. (Elly), Héron, D. (Delphine), Snyder, M. (Molly), Vanderver, A. (Adeline), Simon, C. (Celeste), de la Cruz, X. (Xavier), Padilla, N. (Natália), Crump, J.G. (J Gage), Chung, W. (Wendy), Garcia, B. (Benjamin), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Bryant, L. (Laura), Li, D. (Dong), Cox, S.G. (Samuel G.), Marchione, D. (Dylan), Joiner, E.F. (Evan F.), Wilson, K. (Khadija), Janssen, K. (Kevin), Lee, P. (Pearl), March, K. (Keith), Nair, D. (Divya), Sherr, E. (Elliott), Fregeau, B. (Brieana), Wierenga, K.J. (Klaas J.), Wadley, A. (Alexandrea), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Powell-Hamilton, N. (Nina), Kamp, J.J.P. (Jacques) van de, Grebe, T. (Theresa), Dean, J. (John), Ross, A.J. (Alison), Crawford, H.P. (Heather P.), Powis, Z. (Zoe), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Willing, M.C. (Marcia C.), Manwaring, L. (Linda), Schot, R. (Rachel), Nava, C. (Caroline), Afenjar, A. (Alexandra), Lessel, D. (Davor), Wagner, M. (Matias), Klopstock, T. (Thomas), Winkelmann, B., Catarino, C.B. (Claudia B.), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Schuette, J.L. (Jane L.), Innis, J.W. (Jeffrey), Pizzino, A. (Amy), Lüttgen, S. (Sabine), Denecke, J. (Jonas), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Yuan, Z.-F. (Zuo-Fei), Dubbs, H. (Holly), Bend, R. (Renee), Lee, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Lyons, M.J. (Michael J.), Hoefele, J. (Julia), Günthner, R. (Roman), Reutter, H. (Heiko), Keren, B. (Boris), Radtke, K. (Kelly), Sherbini, O. (Omar), Mrokse, C. (Cameron), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Cogne, B. (Benjamin), Mercier, S. (Sandra), Bezieau, S. (Stephane), Besnard, T. (Thomas), Kury, S. (Sebastien), Redon, R. (Richard), Reinson, K. (Karit), Wojcik, M.H. (Monica H.), Õunap, K. (Katrin), Ilves, P. (Pilvi), Innes, A.M. (A Micheil), Kernohan, K.D. (Kristin), Costain, G. (Gregory), Meyn, M.S. (M Stephen), Chitayat, D. (David), Zackai, E. (Elaine), Lehman, A. (Anna), Kitson, H. (Hilary), Martin, M.G. (Martin G.), Martinez-Agosto, J.A. (Julian A.), Nelson, S.F. (Stan F.), Palmer, C.G.S. (Christina G S), Papp, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Parker, N.H. (Neil H.), Sinsheimer, J.S. (Janet S.), Vilain, E. (Eric), Wan, J. (Jijun), Yoon, A.J. (Amanda J.), Zheng, A. (Allison), Brimble, E. (Elise), Ferrero, G.B. (Giovanni Battista), Radio, F.C. (Francesca Clementina), Carli, D. (Diana), Barresi, S. (Sabina), Brusco, A. (Alfredo), Tartaglia, M. (Marco), Thomas, J.M. (Jennifer Muncy), Umana, L. (Luis), Weiss, M.M. (Marjan M.), Gotway, G. (Garrett), Stuurman, K.E. (Kyra), Thompson, M.L. (Michelle L.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Stumpel, C.T.R.M. (Constance T R M), Stevens, S.J.C. (Servi J C), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P A), Tveten, K. (Kristian), Vøllo, A. (Arve), Prescott, T. (Trine), Fagerberg, C. (Christina), Laulund, L.W. (Lone Walentin), Larsen, M.J. (Martin J.), Byler, M. (Melissa), Lebel, R.R. (Robert Roger), Hurst, A.C. (Anna C.), Dean, J. (Joy), Schrier Vergano, S.A. (Samantha A.), Norman, J. (Jennifer), Mercimek-Andrews, S. (Saadet), Neira, J. (Juanita), Van Allen, M.I. (Margot I.), Longo, N. (Nicola), Sellars, E. (Elizabeth), Louie, R.J. (Raymond J.), Cathey, S.S. (Sara S.), Brokamp, E. (Elly), Héron, D. (Delphine), Snyder, M. (Molly), Vanderver, A. (Adeline), Simon, C. (Celeste), de la Cruz, X. (Xavier), Padilla, N. (Natália), Crump, J.G. (J Gage), Chung, W. (Wendy), Garcia, B. (Benjamin), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), and Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.)
Abstract: Although somatic mutations in Histone 3.3 (H3.3) are well-studied drivers of oncogenesis, the role of germline mutations remains unreported. We analyze 46 patients bearing de novo germline mutations in histone 3 family 3A (H3F3A) or H3F3B with progressive neurologic dysfunction and congenital anomalies without malignancies. Molecular modeling of all 37 variants demonstrated clear disruptions in interactions with DNA, other histones, and histone chaperone proteins. Patient histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) analysis revealed notably aberrant local PTM patterns distinct from the somatic lysine mutations that cause global PTM dysregulation. RNA sequencing on patient cells demonstrated up-regulated gene expression related to mitosis and cell division, and cellular assays confirmed an increased proliferative capacity. A zebrafish model showed craniofacial anomalies and a defect in Foxd3-derived glia. These data suggest that the mechanism of germline mutations are distinct from cancer-associated somatic histone mutations but may converge on control of cell proliferation.
Published: 2020
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6. Deficient histone H3 propionylation by BRPF1-KAT6 complexes in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer

Author: Yan, K. (Kezhi), Rousseau, J. (Justine), Machol, K. (Keren), Cross, L.A. (Laura A.), Agre, K.E. (Katherine E.), Gibson, C.F. (Cynthia Forster), Goverde, A. (Anne), Engleman, K.L. (Kendra L.), Verdin, H. (Hanna), De Baere, E. (Elfride), Potocki, L. (Lorraine), Zhou, D. (Dihong), Cadieux-Dion, M. (Maxime), Bellus, G.A. (Gary A.), Wagner, M.D. (Monisa D.), Hale, R.J. (Rebecca J.), Esber, N. (Natacha), Riley, A.F. (Alan F.), Solomon, B.D. (Benjamin D.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Eyal, R. (Roy), Hainlen, M.K. (Meagan K.), Mendelsohn, B.A. (Bryce A.), Porter, H.M. (Hillary M.), Lanpher, B.C. (Brendan C.), Lewis, A.M. (Andrea M.), Savatt, J. (Juliann), Thiffault, I. (Isabelle), Callewaert, L., Campeau, P.M. (Philippe M), Yang, X.-J. (Xiang-Jiao), Yan, K. (Kezhi), Rousseau, J. (Justine), Machol, K. (Keren), Cross, L.A. (Laura A.), Agre, K.E. (Katherine E.), Gibson, C.F. (Cynthia Forster), Goverde, A. (Anne), Engleman, K.L. (Kendra L.), Verdin, H. (Hanna), De Baere, E. (Elfride), Potocki, L. (Lorraine), Zhou, D. (Dihong), Cadieux-Dion, M. (Maxime), Bellus, G.A. (Gary A.), Wagner, M.D. (Monisa D.), Hale, R.J. (Rebecca J.), Esber, N. (Natacha), Riley, A.F. (Alan F.), Solomon, B.D. (Benjamin D.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Eyal, R. (Roy), Hainlen, M.K. (Meagan K.), Mendelsohn, B.A. (Bryce A.), Porter, H.M. (Hillary M.), Lanpher, B.C. (Brendan C.), Lewis, A.M. (Andrea M.), Savatt, J. (Juliann), Thiffault, I. (Isabelle), Callewaert, L., Campeau, P.M. (Philippe M), and Yang, X.-J. (Xiang-Jiao)
Abstract: Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) and its paralog KAT6B form stoichiometric complexes with bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23 (H3K23). We report that these complexes also catalyze H3K23 propionylatio
Published: 2020
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7. Mutations in the Chromatin Regulator Gene BRPF1 Cause Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Deficient Histone Acetylation

Author: Yan, K.Z., Rousseau, J., Littlejohn, R.O., Kiss, C., Lehman, A., Rosenfeld, J.A., Stumpel, C.T.R., Stegmann, A.P.A., Robak, L., Scaglia, F., Nguyen, T.T.M., Fu, H., Ajeawung, N.F., Camurri, M.V., Li, L., Gardham, A., Panis, B., Almannai, M., Sacoto, M.J.G., Baskin, B., Ruivenkamp, C., Xia, F., Bi, W., Cho, M.T., Potjer, T.P., Santen, G.W.E., Parker, M.J., Canham, N., McKinnon, M., Potocki, L., MacKenzie, J.J., Roeder, E.R., Campeau, P.M., Yang, X.J., DDD Study, CAUSES Study, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Klinische Genetica, and MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Developmental Disabilities, PZP DOMAIN, HBO1 ACETYLTRANSFERASE, Histones, Mice, Intellectual disability, Global developmental delay, Child, Genetics (clinical), Histone Acetyltransferases, Genetics, Mice, Knockout, ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN, Nuclear Proteins, Acetylation, Syndrome, Chromatin, DNA-Binding Proteins, Histone, Muscle Hypotonia, Female, EXPRESSION, Adolescent, Biology, KAT6B, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Histone H3, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Animals, Humans, HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS, Epigenetics, Histone H3 acetylation, Alleles, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, CAUSE GENITOPATELLAR SYNDROME, Lysine, PHD FINGER, medicine.disease, Bromodomain, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Face, Mutation, biology.protein, Carrier Proteins, CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS
Abstract: Identification of over 500 epigenetic regulators in humans raises an interesting question regarding how chromatin dysregulation contributes to different diseases. Bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) is a multivalent chromatin regulator possessing three histone-binding domains, one non-specific DNA-binding module, and several motifs for interacting with and activating three lysine acetyltransferases. Genetic analyses of fish brpf1 and mouse Brpf1 have uncovered an important role in skeletal, hematopoietic, and brain development, but it remains unclear how BRPF1 is linked to human development and disease. Here, we describe an intellectual disability disorder in ten individuals with inherited or de novo monoallelic BRPF1 mutations. Syrhptoms include infantile hypotonia, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, expressive language impairment, and facial dysmorphisms. Central nervous system and spinal abnormalities are also seen in some individuals. These clinical features overlap with but are not identical to those reported for persons with KAT6A or KAT6B mutations, suggesting that BRPF1 targets these two acetyltransferases and additional partners in humans. Functional assays showed that the resulting BRPF1 variants are pathogenic and impair acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23, an abundant but poorly characterized epigenetic mark. We also found a similar deficiency in different lines of Brpf1-knockout mice. These data indicate that aberrations in the chromatin regulator gene BRPF1 cause histone H3 acetylation deficiency and a previously unrecognized intellectual disability syndrome.
Published: 2017

8. AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders

Author: Salpietro, V. Dixon, C.L. Guo, H. Bello, O.D. Vandrovcova, J. Efthymiou, S. Maroofian, R. Heimer, G. Burglen, L. Valence, S. Torti, E. Hacke, M. Rankin, J. Tariq, H. Colin, E. Procaccio, V. Striano, P. Mankad, K. Lieb, A. Chen, S. Pisani, L. Bettencourt, C. Männikkö, R. Manole, A. Brusco, A. Grosso, E. Ferrero, G.B. Armstrong-Moron, J. Gueden, S. Bar-Yosef, O. Tzadok, M. Monaghan, K.G. Santiago-Sim, T. Person, R.E. Cho, M.T. Willaert, R. Yoo, Y. Chae, J.-H. Quan, Y. Wu, H. Wang, T. Bernier, R.A. Xia, K. Blesson, A. Jain, M. Motazacker, M.M. Jaeger, B. Schneider, A.L. Boysen, K. Muir, A.M. Myers, C.T. Gavrilova, R.H. Gunderson, L. Schultz-Rogers, L. Klee, E.W. Dyment, D. Osmond, M. Parellada, M. Llorente, C. Gonzalez-Peñas, J. Carracedo, A. Van Haeringen, A. Ruivenkamp, C. Nava, C. Heron, D. Nardello, R. Iacomino, M. Minetti, C. Skabar, A. Fabretto, A. Hanna, M.G. Bugiardini, E. Hostettler, I. O’Callaghan, B. Khan, A. Cortese, A. O’Connor, E. Yau, W.Y. Bourinaris, T. Kaiyrzhanov, R. Chelban, V. Madej, M. Diana, M.C. Vari, M.S. Pedemonte, M. Bruno, C. Balagura, G. Scala, M. Fiorillo, C. Nobili, L. Malintan, N.T. Zanetti, M.N. Krishnakumar, S.S. Lignani, G. Jepson, J.E.C. Broda, P. Baldassari, S. Rossi, P. Fruscione, F. Madia, F. Traverso, M. De-Marco, P. Pérez-Dueñas, B. Munell, F. Kriouile, Y. El-Khorassani, M. Karashova, B. Avdjieva, D. Kathom, H. Tincheva, R. Van-Maldergem, L. Nachbauer, W. Boesch, S. Gagliano, A. Amadori, E. Goraya, J.S. Sultan, T. Kirmani, S. Ibrahim, S. Jan, F. Mine, J. Banu, S. Veggiotti, P. Zuccotti, G.V. Ferrari, M.D. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J. Verrotti, A. Marseglia, G.L. Savasta, S. Soler, M.A. Scuderi, C. Borgione, E. Chimenz, R. Gitto, E. Dipasquale, V. Sallemi, A. Fusco, M. Cuppari, C. Cutrupi, M.C. Ruggieri, M. Cama, A. Capra, V. Mencacci, N.E. Boles, R. Gupta, N. Kabra, M. Papacostas, S. Zamba-Papanicolaou, E. Dardiotis, E. Maqbool, S. Rana, N. Atawneh, O. Lim, S.Y. Shaikh, F. Koutsis, G. Breza, M. Coviello, D.A. Dauvilliers, Y.A. AlKhawaja, I. AlKhawaja, M. Al-Mutairi, F. Stojkovic, T. Ferrucci, V. Zollo, M. Alkuraya, F.S. Kinali, M. Sherifa, H. Benrhouma, H. Turki, I.B.Y. Tazir, M. Obeid, M. Bakhtadze, S. Saadi, N.W. Zaki, M.S. Triki, C.C. Benfenati, F. Gustincich, S. Kara, M. Belcastro, V. Specchio, N. Capovilla, G. Karimiani, E.G. Salih, A.M. Okubadejo, N.U. Ojo, O.O. Oshinaike, O.O. Oguntunde, O. Wahab, K. Bello, A.H. Abubakar, S. Obiabo, Y. Nwazor, E. Ekenze, O. Williams, U. Iyagba, A. Taiwo, L. Komolafe, M. Senkevich, K. Shashkin, C. Zharkynbekova, N. Koneyev, K. Manizha, G. Isrofilov, M. Guliyeva, U. Salayev, K. Khachatryan, S. Rossi, S. Silvestri, G. Haridy, N. Ramenghi, L.A. Xiromerisiou, G. David, E. Aguennouz, M. Fidani, L. Spanaki, C. Tucci, A. Raspall-Chaure, M. Chez, M. Tsai, A. Fassi, E. Shinawi, M. Constantino, J.N. De Zorzi, R. Fortuna, S. Kok, F. Keren, B. Bonneau, D. Choi, M. Benzeev, B. Zara, F. Mefford, H.C. Scheffer, I.E. Clayton-Smith, J. Macaya, A. Rothman, J.E. Eichler, E.E. Kullmann, D.M. Houlden, H. SYNAPS Study Group
Abstract: AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission. © 2019, The Author(s).
Published: 2019

9. PLPHP deficiency: clinical, genetic, biochemical, and mechanistic insights

Author: Johnstone, D.L., Al-Shekaili, H.H., Tarailo-Graovac, M., Wolf, N.I., Ivy, A.S., Demarest, S., Roussel, Y., Ciapaite, J., Roermund, C.W.T. van, Kernohan, K.D., Kosuta, C., Ban, K., Ito, Y., McBride, S., Al-Thihli, K., Abdelrahim, R.A., Koul, R., Futaisi, A. Al, Haaxma, C.A., Olson, H., Sigurdardottir, L.Y., Arnold, G.L., Gerkes, E.H., Boon, M., Heiner-Fokkema, M.R., Noble, S., Bosma, M., Jans, J., Koolen, D.A., Kamsteeg, E.J., Drogemoller, B., Ross, C.J., Majewski, J., Cho, M.T., Begtrup, A., Wasserman, W.W., Bui, T., Brimble, E., Violante, S., Houten, S.M., Wevers, R.A., Faassen, M. van, Kema, I.P., Lepage, N., Lines, M.A., Dyment, D.A., Wanders, R.J., Verhoeven-Duif, N., Ekker, M., Boycott, K.M., Friedman, J.M., Pena, I.A., Karnebeek, C.D. van, Johnstone, D.L., Al-Shekaili, H.H., Tarailo-Graovac, M., Wolf, N.I., Ivy, A.S., Demarest, S., Roussel, Y., Ciapaite, J., Roermund, C.W.T. van, Kernohan, K.D., Kosuta, C., Ban, K., Ito, Y., McBride, S., Al-Thihli, K., Abdelrahim, R.A., Koul, R., Futaisi, A. Al, Haaxma, C.A., Olson, H., Sigurdardottir, L.Y., Arnold, G.L., Gerkes, E.H., Boon, M., Heiner-Fokkema, M.R., Noble, S., Bosma, M., Jans, J., Koolen, D.A., Kamsteeg, E.J., Drogemoller, B., Ross, C.J., Majewski, J., Cho, M.T., Begtrup, A., Wasserman, W.W., Bui, T., Brimble, E., Violante, S., Houten, S.M., Wevers, R.A., Faassen, M. van, Kema, I.P., Lepage, N., Lines, M.A., Dyment, D.A., Wanders, R.J., Verhoeven-Duif, N., Ekker, M., Boycott, K.M., Friedman, J.M., Pena, I.A., and Karnebeek, C.D. van
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 202680.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Biallelic pathogenic variants in PLPBP (formerly called PROSC) have recently been shown to cause a novel form of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy, the pathophysiological basis of which is poorly understood. When left untreated, the disease can progress to status epilepticus and death in infancy. Here we present 12 previously undescribed patients and six novel pathogenic variants in PLPBP. Suspected clinical diagnoses prior to identification of PLPBP variants included mitochondrial encephalopathy (two patients), folinic acid-responsive epilepsy (one patient) and a movement disorder compatible with AADC deficiency (one patient). The encoded protein, PLPHP is believed to be crucial for B6 homeostasis. We modelled the pathogenicity of the variants and developed a clinical severity scoring system. The most severe phenotypes were associated with variants leading to loss of function of PLPBP or significantly affecting protein stability/PLP-binding. To explore the pathophysiology of this disease further, we developed the first zebrafish model of PLPHP deficiency using CRISPR/Cas9. Our model recapitulates the disease, with plpbp-/- larvae showing behavioural, biochemical, and electrophysiological signs of seizure activity by 10 days post-fertilization and early death by 16 days post-fertilization. Treatment with pyridoxine significantly improved the epileptic phenotype and extended lifespan in plpbp-/- animals. Larvae had disruptions in amino acid metabolism as well as GABA and catecholamine biosynthesis, indicating impairment of PLP-dependent enzymatic activities. Using mass spectrometry, we observed significant B6 vitamer level changes in plpbp-/- zebrafish, patient fibroblasts and PLPHP-deficient HEK293 cells. Additional studies in human cells and yeast provide the first empirical evidence that PLPHP is localized in mitochondria and may play a role in mitochondrial metabolism. These models provide new insights into disease mechanisms and can serve as a platform for drug disc
Published: 2019

10. Expanding the Spectrum of BAF-Related Disorders: De Novo Variants in SMARCC2 Cause a Syndrome with Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay

Author: Machol, K., Rousseau, J., Ehresmann, S., Garcia, T., Nguyen, T.T.M., Spillmann, R.C., Sullivan, J.A., Shashi, V., Jiang, Y.H., Stong, N., Fiala, E., Willing, M., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Cho, M.T., McLaughlin, H., Piera, M. Rosello, Orellana, C., Martinez, F., Caro-Llopis, A., Monfort, S., Roscioli, T., Nixon, C.Y., Buckley, M.F., Turner, A., Jones, W.D., Hasselt, P.M. van, Hofstede, F.C., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Brooks, A.S., Slegtenhorst, M.A. van, Lachlan, K., Sebastian, J., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Sonal, D., Sakkubai, N., Thevenon, J., Faivre, L., Maurel, A., Petrovski, S., Krantz, I.D., Tarpinian, J.M., Rosenfeld, J.A., Lee, B.H., Campeau, P.M., Machol, K., Rousseau, J., Ehresmann, S., Garcia, T., Nguyen, T.T.M., Spillmann, R.C., Sullivan, J.A., Shashi, V., Jiang, Y.H., Stong, N., Fiala, E., Willing, M., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Cho, M.T., McLaughlin, H., Piera, M. Rosello, Orellana, C., Martinez, F., Caro-Llopis, A., Monfort, S., Roscioli, T., Nixon, C.Y., Buckley, M.F., Turner, A., Jones, W.D., Hasselt, P.M. van, Hofstede, F.C., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Brooks, A.S., Slegtenhorst, M.A. van, Lachlan, K., Sebastian, J., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Sonal, D., Sakkubai, N., Thevenon, J., Faivre, L., Maurel, A., Petrovski, S., Krantz, I.D., Tarpinian, J.M., Rosenfeld, J.A., Lee, B.H., and Campeau, P.M.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 202800.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), SMARCC2 (BAF170) is one of the invariable core subunits of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling BAF (BRG1-associated factor) complex and plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and corticogenesis. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding other components of the BAF complex have been associated with intellectual disability syndromes. Despite its significant biological role, variants in SMARCC2 have not been directly associated with human disease previously. Using whole-exome sequencing and a web-based gene-matching program, we identified 15 individuals with variable degrees of neurodevelopmental delay and growth retardation harboring one of 13 heterozygous variants in SMARCC2, most of them novel and proven de novo. The clinical presentation overlaps with intellectual disability syndromes associated with other BAF subunits, such as Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes and includes prominent speech impairment, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features such as hypertrichosis, thick eyebrows, thin upper lip vermilion, and upturned nose. Nine out of the fifteen individuals harbor variants in the highly conserved SMARCC2 DNA-interacting domains (SANT and SWIRM) and present with a more severe phenotype. Two of these individuals present cardiac abnormalities. Transcriptomic analysis of fibroblasts from affected individuals highlights a group of differentially expressed genes with possible roles in regulation of neuronal development and function, namely H19, SCRG1, RELN, and CACNB4. Our findings suggest a novel SMARCC2-related syndrome that overlaps with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with variants in BAF-complex subunits.
Published: 2019

11. De novo variants in CDK13 associated with syndromic ID/DD: Molecular and clinical delineation of 15 individuals and a further review

Author: Akker, W.M.R. van den, Brummelman, I., Martis, L.M., Timmermans, R.N., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Willemsen, M.H., Gerkes, E.H., Herkert, J.C., Essen, A.J. van, Rump, P., Vansenne, F., Terhal, P.A., Haelst, M.M. van, Cristian, I., Turner, C.E., Cho, M.T., Begtrup, A., Willaert, R., Fassi, E., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Stegmann, A.P.A., Vries, B.B.A. de, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J.H.M., Akker, W.M.R. van den, Brummelman, I., Martis, L.M., Timmermans, R.N., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Willemsen, M.H., Gerkes, E.H., Herkert, J.C., Essen, A.J. van, Rump, P., Vansenne, F., Terhal, P.A., Haelst, M.M. van, Cristian, I., Turner, C.E., Cho, M.T., Begtrup, A., Willaert, R., Fassi, E., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Stegmann, A.P.A., Vries, B.B.A. de, and Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J.H.M.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, De novo variants in the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13) have been associated with congenital heart defects and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we present the clinical assessment of 15 individuals and report novel de novo missense variants within the kinase domain of CDK13. Furthermore, we describe 2 nonsense variants and a recurrent frame-shift variant. We demonstrate the synthesis of 2 aberrant CDK13 transcripts in lymphoblastoid cells from an individual with a splice-site variant. Clinical characteristics of the individuals include mild to severe ID, developmental delay, behavioral problems, (neonatal) hypotonia and a variety of facial dysmorphism. Congenital heart defects were present in 2 individuals of the current cohort, but in at least 42% of all known individuals. An overview of all published cases is provided and does not demonstrate an obvious genotype-phenotype correlation, although 2 individuals harboring a stop codons at the end of the kinase domain might have a milder phenotype. Overall, there seems not to be a clinically recognizable facial appearance. The variability in the phenotypes impedes an a vue diagnosis of this syndrome and therefore genome-wide or gene-panel driven genetic testing is needed. Based on this overview, we provide suggestions for clinical work-up and management of this recently described ID syndrome.
Published: 2018

12. Recessive mutations in ATP8A2 cause severe hypotonia, cognitive impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorders and progressive optic atrophy

Author: McMillan, H.J., Telegrafi, A., Singleton, A., Cho, M.T., Lelli, D., Lynn, F.C., Griffin, J., Asamoah, A., Rinne, T.K., Erasmus, C.E., Koolen, D.A., Haaxma, C.A., Keren, B., Doummar, D., Mignot, C., Thompson, I., Velsher, L., Dehghani, M., Mehrjardi, M.Y.V., Maroofian, R., Tchan, M., Simons, C., Christodoulou, J., Martin-Hernandez, E., Guillen Sacoto, M.J., Henderson, L.B., McLaughlin, H., Molday, L.L., Molday, R.S., Yoon, G., McMillan, H.J., Telegrafi, A., Singleton, A., Cho, M.T., Lelli, D., Lynn, F.C., Griffin, J., Asamoah, A., Rinne, T.K., Erasmus, C.E., Koolen, D.A., Haaxma, C.A., Keren, B., Doummar, D., Mignot, C., Thompson, I., Velsher, L., Dehghani, M., Mehrjardi, M.Y.V., Maroofian, R., Tchan, M., Simons, C., Christodoulou, J., Martin-Hernandez, E., Guillen Sacoto, M.J., Henderson, L.B., McLaughlin, H., Molday, L.L., Molday, R.S., and Yoon, G.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 196429.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: ATP8A2 mutations have recently been described in several patients with severe, early-onset hypotonia and cognitive impairment. The aim of our study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of patients with ATP8A2 mutations. METHODS: An observational study was conducted at multiple diagnostic centres. Clinical data is presented from 9 unreported and 2 previously reported patients with ATP8A2 mutations. We compare their features with 3 additional patients that have been previously reported in the medical literature. RESULTS: Eleven patients with biallelic ATP8A2 mutations were identified, with a mean age of 9.4 years (range 2.5-28 years). All patients with ATP8A2 mutations (100%) demonstrated developmental delay, severe hypotonia and movement disorders, specifically chorea or choreoathetosis (100%), dystonia (27%) and facial dyskinesia (18%). Optic atrophy was observed in 78% of patients for whom funduscopic examination was performed. Symptom onset in all (100%) was noted before 6 months of age, with 70% having symptoms noted at birth. Feeding difficulties were common (91%) although most patients were able to tolerate pureed or thickened feeds, and 3 patients required gastrostomy tube insertion. MRI of the brain was normal in 50% of the patients. A smaller proportion was noted to have mild cortical atrophy (30%), delayed myelination (20%) and/or hypoplastic optic nerves (20%). Functional studies were performed on differentiated induced pluripotent cells from one child, which confirmed a decrease in ATP8A2 expression compared to control cells. CONCLUSIONS: ATP8A2 gene mutations have emerged as the cause of a novel neurological phenotype characterized by global developmental delays, severe hypotonia and hyperkinetic movement disorders, the latter being an important distinguishing feature. Optic atrophy is common and may only become apparent in the first few years of life, necessitating repeat ophthalmologic evaluation in older children. Early recognition o
Published: 2018

13. De Novo Mutations in Protein Kinase Genes CAMK2A and CAMK2B Cause Intellectual Disability

Author: Kury, S., Woerden, G.M. van, Besnard, T., Onori, M.P., Latypova, X., Towne, M.C., Cho, M.T., Prescott, T.E., Ploeg, M.A., Sanders, S., Stessman, H.A.F., Pujol, A., Distel, ben, Robak, L.A., Bernstein, J.A., Denomme-Pichon, A.S., Lesca, G., Sellars, E.A., Berg, J., Carre, W., Busk, O.L., Bon, B.W.M. van, Waugh, J.L., Deardorff, M., Hoganson, G.E., Bosanko, K.B., Johnson, D.S., Dabir, T., Holla, O.L., Sarkar, A., Tveten, K., Bellescize, J. de, Braathen, G.J., Terhal, P.A., Grange, D.K., Haeringen, A. van, Lam, C., Mirzaa, G., Burton, J., Bhoj, E.J., Douglas, J., Santani, A.B., Nesbitt, A.I., Helbig, K.L., Andrews, M.V., Begtrup, A., Tang, S., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Juusola, J., Foss, K., Enns, G.M., Moog, U., Hinderhofer, K., Paramasivam, N., Lincoln, S., Kusako, B.H., Lindenbaum, P., Charpentier, E., Nowak, C.B., Cherot, E., Simonet, T., Ruivenkamp, C.A.L., Hahn, S., Brownstein, C.A., Xia, F., Schmitt, S., Deb, W., Bonneau, D., Nizon, M., Quinquis, D., Chelly, J., Rudolf, G., Sanlaville, D., Parent, P., Gilbert-Dussardier, B., Toutain, A., Sutton, V.R., Thies, J., Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M., Boisseau, P., Vincent, M., Grabrucker, A.M., Dubourg, C., Tan, W.H., Verbeek, N.E., Granzow, M., Santen, G.W.E., Shendure, J., Isidor, B., Pasquier, L., Redon, R., Yang, Y.P., State, M.W., Kleefstra, T., Cogne, B., Petrovski, S., Retterer, K., Eichler, E.E., Rosenfeld, J.A., Agrawal, P.B., Bezieau, S., Odent, S., Elgersma, Y., Mercier, S., Undiagnosed Dis Network, GEM HUGO, Deciphering Dev Dis Study, Service de génétique médicale [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Neuroscience [Rotterdam, the Netherlands], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Rotterdam, the Netherlands] (ENCORE), Genomics Program and Division of Genetics [Boston, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Boston Children's Hospital-The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Gene Discovery Core [Boston, MA, USA] ( The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Boston Children's Hospital, GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Department of Medical Genetics [Skien, Norway], Telemark Hospital Trust [Skien, Norway], Department of Psychiatry [San Francisco, CA, USA], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Department of Genome Sciences [Seattle] (GS), University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Pharmacology [Omaha, NE, USA], Creighton University Medical School [Omaha, NE, USA], Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory [Barcelona, Spain], Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases [Barcelona, Spain] (CIBERER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Department of Medical Biochemistry [Amsterdam, the Netherlands] (Academic Medical Center), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Molecular and Human Genetics [Houston, USA], Baylor College of Medecine, Department of Pediatrics [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Département de Biochimie et Génétique [Angers], Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA), Service de Génétique [HCL, Lyon] (Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement), Hospices civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section of Genetics and Metabolism [Little Rock, AR, USA], University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Molecular and Clinical Medicine [Dundee, UK] (School of Medicine), University of Dundee [UK]-Ninewells Hospital & Medical School [Dundee, UK], Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire & Génomique [CHU Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Department of Human Genetics [Nijmegen], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Department of Pediatrics [Philadelphia, PA, USA] (Division of Genetics), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Department of Pediatrics [Chicago, IL, USA] (College of Medicine), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre [Belfast, UK], Belfast City Hospital-Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Nottingham Regional Genetics Service [Nottingham, UK], City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK]-Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], Département d'Epilepsie, Sommeil et Neurophysiologie Pédiatrique [HCL, Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Department of Genetics [Utrecht, the Netherlands], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Department of Pediatrics [Saint Louis, MO, USA] (Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Clinical Genetics [Leiden, the Netherlands], Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Pediatrics [Seattle, WA, USA] (Division of Genetic Medicine), University of Washington [Seattle]-Seattle Children’s Hospital, Center for Integrative Brain Research [Seattle, WA, USA], University of Washington [Seattle]-Seattle Children's Research Institute, The Center for Applied Genomics [Philadelphia, PA, USA], Division of Human Genetics [Philadelphia, PA, USA], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Philadelphia, PA, USA], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Philadelphia, PA, USA] (Perelman School of Medicine), Division of Clinical Genomics [Aliso Viejo, CA, USA], Ambry Genetics [Aliso Viejo, CA, USA], Division of Neurology [Philadelphia, PA, USA], Institute of Human Genetics [Heidelberg, Germany], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique [CHU Strasbourg], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-CHU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Service de Neurologie [CHU Strasbourg], Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg (CHU de Strasbourg ), Département de génétique médicale en pédiatrie [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de Génétique [CHU Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Génétique [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Department of Biological Sciences [Limerick, Ireland], University of Limerick (UL), Bernal Institute [Limerick, Ireland], Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Seattle], Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Service de Génétique Clinique [CHU Rennes] (Réseau de Génétique et Génomique Médicale), Hôpitaux Universitaires du Grand Ouest, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Department of Medicine [Melbourne, Australia], University of Melbourne-Austin Health, Division of Newborn Medicine [Boston, MA, USA], Immunobiology of Human αβ and γδ T Cells and Immunotherapeutic Applications (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 1), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Neurosciences, Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Univ Angers, Okina, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et génomique médicale [CHU Rennes], Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH)-City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK], Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Department of Pediatrics [Seattle, WA, USA], University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de génétique clinique [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Medical Biochemistry, and Bernardo, Elizabeth
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, de novo mutations, AMPAR, medicine.disease_cause, Inbred C57BL, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual disability, CAMK2A, Exome, Phosphorylation, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Neurons, Mutation, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Brain, Phenotype, NMDAR, intellectual disability, Female, Signal transduction, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], Signal Transduction, Glutamic Acid, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Article, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Journal Article, Animals, Humans, Protein kinase A, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], synaptic plasticity, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, CAMK2, CAMK2B, 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Synaptic plasticity, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 182539.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is one of the first proteins shown to be essential for normal learning and synaptic plasticity in mice, but its requirement for human brain development has not yet been established. Through a multi-center collaborative study based on a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified 19 exceedingly rare de novo CAMK2A or CAMK2B variants in 24 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability. Variants were assessed for their effect on CAMK2 function and on neuronal migration. For both CAMK2A and CAMK2B, we identified mutations that decreased or increased CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation at Thr286/Thr287. We further found that all mutations affecting auto-phosphorylation also affected neuronal migration, highlighting the importance of tightly regulated CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation in neuronal function and neurodevelopment. Our data establish the importance of CAMK2A and CAMK2B and their auto-phosphorylation in human brain function and expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disorders caused by variants in key players of the glutamatergic signaling pathway.
Published: 2017

14. De novo variants in CDK13 associated with syndromic ID/DD: Molecular and clinical delineation of 15 individuals and a further review

Author: van den Akker, W.M.R., primary, Brummelman, I., additional, Martis, L.M., additional, Timmermans, R.N., additional, Pfundt, R., additional, Kleefstra, T., additional, Willemsen, M.H., additional, Gerkes, E.H., additional, Herkert, J.C., additional, van Essen, A.J., additional, Rump, P., additional, Vansenne, F., additional, Terhal, P.A., additional, van Haelst, M.M., additional, Cristian, I., additional, Turner, C.E., additional, Cho, M.T., additional, Begtrup, A., additional, Willaert, R., additional, Fassi, E., additional, van Gassen, K.L.I., additional, Stegmann, A.P.A., additional, de Vries, B.B.A., additional, and Schuurs‐Hoeijmakers, J.H.M., additional
Published: 2018
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15. Diagnostic exome sequencing in children: A survey of parental understanding, experience and psychological impact

Author: Wynn, J., primary, Ottman, R., additional, Duong, J., additional, Wilson, A.L., additional, Ahimaz, P., additional, Martinez, J., additional, Rabin, R., additional, Rosen, E., additional, Webster, R., additional, Au, C., additional, Cho, M.T., additional, Egan, C., additional, Guzman, E., additional, Primiano, M., additional, Shaw, J.E., additional, Sisson, R., additional, Klitzman, R.L., additional, Appelbaum, P.S., additional, Lichter-Konecki, U., additional, Anyane-Yeboa, K., additional, Iglesias, A., additional, and Chung, W.K., additional
Published: 2018
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16. Expansion and further delineation of the SETD5 phenotype leading to global developmental delay, variable dysmorphic features, and reduced penetrance

Author: Powis, Z., primary, Farwell Hagman, K.D., additional, Mroske, C., additional, McWalter, K., additional, Cohen, J.S., additional, Colombo, R., additional, Serretti, A., additional, Fatemi, A., additional, David, K.L., additional, Reynolds, J., additional, Immken, L., additional, Nagakura, H., additional, Cunniff, C.M., additional, Payne, K., additional, Barbaro‐Dieber, T., additional, Gripp, K.W., additional, Baker, L., additional, Stamper, T., additional, Aleck, K.A., additional, Jordan, E.S., additional, Hersh, J.H., additional, Burton, J., additional, Wentzensen, I.M., additional, Guillen Sacoto, M.J., additional, Willaert, R., additional, Cho, M.T., additional, Petrik, I., additional, Huether, R., additional, and Tang, S., additional
Published: 2018
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17. High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies

Author: Hamdan, F.F., Myers, C.T., Cossette, P., Lemay, P., Spiegelman, D., Laporte, A.D., Nassif, C., Diallo, O., Monlong, J., Cadieux-Dion, M., Dobrzeniecka, S., Meloche, C., Retterer, K., Cho, M.T., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bi, W., Massicotte, C., Miguet, M., Brunga, L., Regan, B.M., Mo, K., Tam, C., Schneider, A., Hollingsworth, G., FitzPatrick, D.R., Donaldson, A., Canham, N., Blair, E., Kerr, B., Fry, A.E., Thomas, R.H., Shelagh, J., Hurst, J.A., Brittain, H., Blyth, M., Lebel, R.R., Gerkes, E.H., Davis-Keppen, L., Stein, Q., Chung, W.K., Dorison, S.J., Benke, P.J., Fassi, E., Corsten-Janssen, N., Kamsteeg, E.J., Mau-Them, F.T., Bruel, A.L., Verloes, A., Ounap, K., Wojcik, M.H., Albert, D.V.F., Venkateswaran, S., Ware, T., Jones, D., Liu, Y.C., Mohammad, S.S., Bizargity, P., Bacino, C.A., Leuzzi, V., Martinelli, S., Dallapiccola, B., Tartaglia, M., Blumkin, L., Wierenga, K.J., Purcarin, G., O'Byrne, J.J., Stockler, S., Lehman, A., Keren, B., Nougues, M.C., Mignot, C., Auvin, S., Nava, C., Hiatt, S.M., Bebin, M., Shao, Y., Scaglia, F., Lalani, S.R., Frye, R.E., Jarjour, I.T., Jacques, S., Boucher, R.M., Riou, E., Srour, M., Carmant, L., Lortie, A., Major, P., Diadori, P., Dubeau, F., D'Anjou, G., Bourque, G., Berkovic, S.F., Sadleir, L.G., Campeau, P.M., Kibar, Z., Lafreniere, R.G., Girard, S.L., Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Boelman, C., Rouleau, G.A., et al., Hamdan, F.F., Myers, C.T., Cossette, P., Lemay, P., Spiegelman, D., Laporte, A.D., Nassif, C., Diallo, O., Monlong, J., Cadieux-Dion, M., Dobrzeniecka, S., Meloche, C., Retterer, K., Cho, M.T., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bi, W., Massicotte, C., Miguet, M., Brunga, L., Regan, B.M., Mo, K., Tam, C., Schneider, A., Hollingsworth, G., FitzPatrick, D.R., Donaldson, A., Canham, N., Blair, E., Kerr, B., Fry, A.E., Thomas, R.H., Shelagh, J., Hurst, J.A., Brittain, H., Blyth, M., Lebel, R.R., Gerkes, E.H., Davis-Keppen, L., Stein, Q., Chung, W.K., Dorison, S.J., Benke, P.J., Fassi, E., Corsten-Janssen, N., Kamsteeg, E.J., Mau-Them, F.T., Bruel, A.L., Verloes, A., Ounap, K., Wojcik, M.H., Albert, D.V.F., Venkateswaran, S., Ware, T., Jones, D., Liu, Y.C., Mohammad, S.S., Bizargity, P., Bacino, C.A., Leuzzi, V., Martinelli, S., Dallapiccola, B., Tartaglia, M., Blumkin, L., Wierenga, K.J., Purcarin, G., O'Byrne, J.J., Stockler, S., Lehman, A., Keren, B., Nougues, M.C., Mignot, C., Auvin, S., Nava, C., Hiatt, S.M., Bebin, M., Shao, Y., Scaglia, F., Lalani, S.R., Frye, R.E., Jarjour, I.T., Jacques, S., Boucher, R.M., Riou, E., Srour, M., Carmant, L., Lortie, A., Major, P., Diadori, P., Dubeau, F., D'Anjou, G., Bourque, G., Berkovic, S.F., Sadleir, L.G., Campeau, P.M., Kibar, Z., Lafreniere, R.G., Girard, S.L., Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S., Boelman, C., and Rouleau, G.A., et al.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is a group of conditions characterized by the co-occurrence of epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID), typically with developmental plateauing or regression associated with frequent epileptiform activity. The cause of DEE remains unknown in the majority of cases. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 197 individuals with unexplained DEE and pharmaco-resistant seizures and in their unaffected parents. We focused our attention on de novo mutations (DNMs) and identified candidate genes containing such variants. We sought to identify additional subjects with DNMs in these genes by performing targeted sequencing in another series of individuals with DEE and by mining various sequencing datasets. We also performed meta-analyses to document enrichment of DNMs in candidate genes by leveraging our WGS dataset with those of several DEE and ID series. By combining these strategies, we were able to provide a causal link between DEE and the following genes: NTRK2, GABRB2, CLTC, DHDDS, NUS1, RAB11A, GABBR2, and SNAP25. Overall, we established a molecular diagnosis in 63/197 (32%) individuals in our WGS series. The main cause of DEE in these individuals was de novo point mutations (53/63 solved cases), followed by inherited mutations (6/63 solved cases) and de novo CNVs (4/63 solved cases). De novo missense variants explained a larger proportion of individuals in our series than in other series that were primarily ascertained because of ID. Moreover, these DNMs were more frequently recurrent than those identified in ID series. These observations indicate that the genetic landscape of DEE might be different from that of ID without epilepsy.
Published: 2017

18. WDR26 Haploinsufficiency Causes a Recognizable Syndrome of Intellectual Disability, Seizures, Abnormal Gait, and Distinctive Facial Features

Author: Skraban, C.M., Wells, C.F., Markose, P., Cho, M.T., Nesbitt, A.I., Au, P.Y., Begtrup, A., Bernat, J.A., Bird, L.M., Cao, K., Brouwer, A.P.M. de, Denenberg, E.H., Douglas, G., Gibson, K.M., Grand, K., Goldenberg, A., Innes, A.M., Juusola, J., Kempers, M.J.E., Kinning, E., Markie, D.M., Owens, M.M., Payne, K., Person, R., Pfundt, R.P., Stocco, A., Turner, C.L., Verbeek, N.E., Walsh, L.E., Warner, T.C., Wheeler, P.G., Wieczorek, D., Wilkens, A.B., Zonneveld-Huijssoon, E., Kleefstra, T., Robertson, S.P., Santani, A., Gassen, K.L. van, Deardorff, M.A., Skraban, C.M., Wells, C.F., Markose, P., Cho, M.T., Nesbitt, A.I., Au, P.Y., Begtrup, A., Bernat, J.A., Bird, L.M., Cao, K., Brouwer, A.P.M. de, Denenberg, E.H., Douglas, G., Gibson, K.M., Grand, K., Goldenberg, A., Innes, A.M., Juusola, J., Kempers, M.J.E., Kinning, E., Markie, D.M., Owens, M.M., Payne, K., Person, R., Pfundt, R.P., Stocco, A., Turner, C.L., Verbeek, N.E., Walsh, L.E., Warner, T.C., Wheeler, P.G., Wieczorek, D., Wilkens, A.B., Zonneveld-Huijssoon, E., Kleefstra, T., Robertson, S.P., Santani, A., Gassen, K.L. van, and Deardorff, M.A.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 177285.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), We report 15 individuals with de novo pathogenic variants in WDR26. Eleven of the individuals carry loss-of-function mutations, and four harbor missense substitutions. These 15 individuals comprise ten females and five males, and all have intellectual disability with delayed speech, a history of febrile and/or non-febrile seizures, and a wide-based, spastic, and/or stiff-legged gait. These subjects share a set of common facial features that include a prominent maxilla and upper lip that readily reveal the upper gingiva, widely spaced teeth, and a broad nasal tip. Together, these features comprise a recognizable facial phenotype. We compared these features with those of chromosome 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome, which typically contains WDR26, and noted that clinical features are consistent between the two subsets, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of WDR26 contributes to the pathology of 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome. Consistent with this, WDR26 loss-of-function single-nucleotide mutations identified in these subjects lead to nonsense-mediated decay with subsequent reduction of RNA expression and protein levels. We derived a structural model of WDR26 and note that missense variants identified in these individuals localize to highly conserved residues of this WD-40-repeat-containing protein. Given that WDR26 mutations have been identified in approximately 1 in 2,000 of subjects in our clinical cohorts and that WDR26 might be poorly annotated in exome variant-interpretation pipelines, we would anticipate that this disorder could be more common than currently appreciated.
Published: 2017

19. De Novo Mutations in Protein Kinase Genes CAMK2A and CAMK2B Cause Intellectual Disability

Author: Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), Mercier, S. (Sandra), Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), and Mercier, S. (Sandra)
Abstract: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is one of the first proteins shown to be essential for normal learning and synaptic plasticity in mice, but its requirement for human brain development has not yet been established. Through a multi-center collaborative study based on a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified 19 exceedingly rare de novo CAMK2A or CAMK2B variants in 24 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability. Variants were assessed for their effect on CAMK2 function and on neuronal migration. For both CAMK2A and CAMK2B, we identified mutations that decreased or increased CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation at Thr286/Thr287. We further found that all mutations affecting auto-phosphorylation also affected neuronal migration, highlighting the importance of tightly regulated CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation in neuronal function and neurodevelopment. Our data establish the importance of CAMK2A and CAMK2B and their auto-phosphorylation in human brain function and expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disorders caused by variants in key players of the glutamatergic signaling pathway.
Published: 2017
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20. STAG1 mutations cause a novel cohesinopathy characterised by unspecific syndromic intellectual disability

Author: Lehalle, D., Mosca-Boidron, A.L., Begtrup, A., Boute-Benejean, O., Charles, P., Cho, M.T., Clarkson, A., Devinsky, O., Duffourd, Y., Duplomb-Jego, L., Gerard, B., Jacquette, A., Kuentz, P., Masurel-Paulet, A., McDougall, C., Moutton, S., Olivie, H., Park, S.M., Rauch, A., Revencu, N., Riviere, J.B., Rubin, K., Simonic, I., Shears, D.J., Smol, T., Tavares, A.L.T., Terhal, P., Thevenon, J., Gassen, K. van, Vincent-Delorme, C., Willemsen, M.H., Wilson, G.N., Zackai, E., Zweier, C., Callier, P., Thauvin-Robinet, C., Faivre, L., Lehalle, D., Mosca-Boidron, A.L., Begtrup, A., Boute-Benejean, O., Charles, P., Cho, M.T., Clarkson, A., Devinsky, O., Duffourd, Y., Duplomb-Jego, L., Gerard, B., Jacquette, A., Kuentz, P., Masurel-Paulet, A., McDougall, C., Moutton, S., Olivie, H., Park, S.M., Rauch, A., Revencu, N., Riviere, J.B., Rubin, K., Simonic, I., Shears, D.J., Smol, T., Tavares, A.L.T., Terhal, P., Thevenon, J., Gassen, K. van, Vincent-Delorme, C., Willemsen, M.H., Wilson, G.N., Zackai, E., Zweier, C., Callier, P., Thauvin-Robinet, C., and Faivre, L.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Cohesinopathies are rare neurodevelopmental disorders arising from a dysfunction in the cohesin pathway, which enables chromosome segregation and regulates gene transcription. So far, eight genes from this pathway have been reported in human disease. STAG1 belongs to the STAG subunit of the core cohesin complex, along with five other subunits. This work aimed to identify the phenotype ascribed to STAG1 mutations. METHODS: Among patients referred for intellectual disability (ID) in genetics departments worldwide, array-comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), gene panel, whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing were performed following the local diagnostic standards. RESULTS: A mutation in STAG1 was identified in 17 individuals from 16 families, 9 males and 8 females aged 2-33 years. Four individuals harboured a small microdeletion encompassing STAG1; three individuals from two families had an intragenic STAG1 deletion. Six deletions were identified by array-CGH, one by whole-exome sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing found de novo heterozygous missense or frameshift STAG1 variants in eight patients, a panel of genes involved in ID identified a missense and a frameshift variant in two individuals. The 17 patients shared common facial features, with wide mouth and deep-set eyes. Four individuals had mild microcephaly, seven had epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: We report an international series of 17 individuals from 16 families presenting with syndromic unspecific ID that could be attributed to a STAG1 deletion or point mutation. This first series reporting the phenotype ascribed to mutation in STAG1 highlights the importance of data sharing in the field of rare disorders.
Published: 2017

21. Additional de novo missense genetic variants in NALCN associated with CLIFAHDD syndrome

Author: Vivero, M., primary, Cho, M.T., additional, Begtrup, A., additional, Wentzensen, I.M., additional, Walsh, L., additional, Payne, K., additional, Zarate, Y.A., additional, Bosanko, K., additional, Schaefer, G.B., additional, DeBrosse, S., additional, Pollack, L., additional, Mason, K., additional, Retterer, K., additional, DeWard, S., additional, Juusola, J., additional, and Chung, W.K., additional
Published: 2017
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22. Association of the missense variant p.Arg203Trp in PACS1 as a cause of intellectual disability and seizures

Author: Stern, D., primary, Cho, M.T., additional, Chikarmane, R., additional, Willaert, R., additional, Retterer, K., additional, Kendall, F., additional, Deardorff, M., additional, Hopkins, S., additional, Bedoukian, E., additional, Slavotinek, A., additional, Schrier Vergano, S., additional, Spangler, B., additional, McDonald, M., additional, McConkie-Rosell, A., additional, Burton, B.K., additional, Kim, K.H., additional, Oundjian, N., additional, Kronn, D., additional, Chandy, N., additional, Baskin, B., additional, Guillen Sacoto, M.J., additional, Wentzensen, I.M., additional, McLaughlin, H.M., additional, McKnight, D., additional, and Chung, W.K., additional
Published: 2017
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23. De Novo Mutations in SON Disrupt RNA Splicing of Genes Essential for Brain Development and Metabolism, Causing an Intellectual-Disability Syndrome

Author: Kim, J.H., Shinde, D.N., Reijnders, M.R.F., Hauser, N.S., Belmonte, R.L., Wilson, G.R., Bosch, D.G.M., Bubulya, P.A., Shashi, V., Petrovski, S., Stone, J.K., Park, E.Y., Veltman, J.A., Sinnema, M., Stumpel, C.T., Draaisma, J.M., Nicolai, J., Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K., Vries, B.B. de, Jewett, T., Santoro, S.L., Vogt, J., Bachman, K.K., Seeley, A.H., Krokosky, A., Turner, C., Rohena, L., Hempel, M., Kortum, F., Lessel, D., Neu, A., Strom, T.M., Wieczorek, D., Bramswig, N., Laccone, F.A., Behunova, J., Rehder, H., Gordon, C.T., Rio, M. del, Romana, S., Tang, S., El-Khechen, D., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Douglas, G., Baskin, B., Begtrup, A., Funari, T., Schoch, K., Stegmann, A.P., Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.E., Traver, D., Yao, X., MacArthur, D.G., Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M., Myers, R.M., Owen, L.B., Lim, S.T., Stachura, D.L., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Ahn, E.Y., Kim, J.H., Shinde, D.N., Reijnders, M.R.F., Hauser, N.S., Belmonte, R.L., Wilson, G.R., Bosch, D.G.M., Bubulya, P.A., Shashi, V., Petrovski, S., Stone, J.K., Park, E.Y., Veltman, J.A., Sinnema, M., Stumpel, C.T., Draaisma, J.M., Nicolai, J., Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K., Vries, B.B. de, Jewett, T., Santoro, S.L., Vogt, J., Bachman, K.K., Seeley, A.H., Krokosky, A., Turner, C., Rohena, L., Hempel, M., Kortum, F., Lessel, D., Neu, A., Strom, T.M., Wieczorek, D., Bramswig, N., Laccone, F.A., Behunova, J., Rehder, H., Gordon, C.T., Rio, M. del, Romana, S., Tang, S., El-Khechen, D., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Douglas, G., Baskin, B., Begtrup, A., Funari, T., Schoch, K., Stegmann, A.P., Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.E., Traver, D., Yao, X., MacArthur, D.G., Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M., Myers, R.M., Owen, L.B., Lim, S.T., Stachura, D.L., Vissers, L.E.L.M., and Ahn, E.Y.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The overall understanding of the molecular etiologies of intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay (DD) is increasing as next-generation sequencing technologies identify genetic variants in individuals with such disorders. However, detailed analyses conclusively confirming these variants, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining the diseases, are often lacking. Here, we report on an ID syndrome caused by de novo heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in SON. The syndrome is characterized by ID and/or DD, malformations of the cerebral cortex, epilepsy, vision problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. Knockdown of son in zebrafish resulted in severe malformation of the spine, brain, and eyes. Importantly, analyses of RNA from affected individuals revealed that genes critical for neuronal migration and cortex organization (TUBG1, FLNA, PNKP, WDR62, PSMD3, and HDAC6) and metabolism (PCK2, PFKL, IDH2, ACY1, and ADA) are significantly downregulated because of the accumulation of mis-spliced transcripts resulting from erroneous SON-mediated RNA splicing. Our data highlight SON as a master regulator governing neurodevelopment and demonstrate the importance of SON-mediated RNA splicing in human development.
Published: 2016

24. De Novo Mutations of RERE Cause a Genetic Syndrome with Features that Overlap Those Associated with Proximal 1p36 Deletions

Author: Fregeau, B., Kim, B.J., Hernandez-Garcia, A., Jordan, V.K., Cho, M.T., Schnur, R.E., Monaghan, K.G., Juusola, J., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bhoj, E., Zackai, E.H., Sacharow, S., Baranano, K., Bosch, D.G.M., Vries, B.B.A. de, Lindstrom, K., Schroeder, A., James, P., Kulch, P., Lalani, S.R., Haelst, M.M. van, Gassen, K.L. van, Binsbergen, E. van, Barkovich, A.J., Scott, D.A., Sherr, E.H., Fregeau, B., Kim, B.J., Hernandez-Garcia, A., Jordan, V.K., Cho, M.T., Schnur, R.E., Monaghan, K.G., Juusola, J., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bhoj, E., Zackai, E.H., Sacharow, S., Baranano, K., Bosch, D.G.M., Vries, B.B.A. de, Lindstrom, K., Schroeder, A., James, P., Kulch, P., Lalani, S.R., Haelst, M.M. van, Gassen, K.L. van, Binsbergen, E. van, Barkovich, A.J., Scott, D.A., and Sherr, E.H.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Deletions of chromosome 1p36 affect approximately 1 in 5,000 newborns and are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and defects involving the brain, eye, ear, heart, and kidney. Arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide repeats (RERE) is located in the proximal 1p36 critical region. RERE is a widely-expressed nuclear receptor coregulator that positively regulates retinoic acid signaling. Animal models suggest that RERE deficiency might contribute to many of the structural and developmental birth defects and medical problems seen in individuals with 1p36 deletion syndrome, although human evidence supporting this role has been lacking. In this report, we describe ten individuals with intellectual disability, developmental delay, and/or autism spectrum disorder who carry rare and putatively damaging changes in RERE. In all cases in which both parental DNA samples were available, these changes were found to be de novo. Associated features that were recurrently seen in these individuals included hypotonia, seizures, behavioral problems, structural CNS anomalies, ophthalmologic anomalies, congenital heart defects, and genitourinary abnormalities. The spectrum of defects documented in these individuals is similar to that of a cohort of 31 individuals with isolated 1p36 deletions that include RERE and are recapitulated in RERE-deficient zebrafish and mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that mutations in RERE cause a genetic syndrome and that haploinsufficiency of RERE might be sufficient to cause many of the phenotypes associated with proximal 1p36 deletions.
Published: 2016

25. The expanding clinical phenotype of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome: 20 new cases and possible genotype-phenotype correlations

Author: Chen, C.A., Bosch, D.G.M., Cho, M.T., Rosenfeld, J.A., Shinawi, M., Lewis, R.A., Mann, J., Jayakar, P., Payne, K., Walsh, L., Moss, T., Schreiber, A., Schoonveld, C., Monaghan, K.G., Elmslie, F., Douglas, G., Boonstra, F.N., Millan, F., Cremers, F.P.M., McKnight, D., Richard, G., Juusola, J., Kendall, F., Ramsey, K., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Malkin, E., Chung, W.K., Niyazov, D., Pascual, J.M., Walkiewicz, M., Veluchamy, V., Li, C., Hisama, F.M., Vries, B.B. de, Schaaf, C., Chen, C.A., Bosch, D.G.M., Cho, M.T., Rosenfeld, J.A., Shinawi, M., Lewis, R.A., Mann, J., Jayakar, P., Payne, K., Walsh, L., Moss, T., Schreiber, A., Schoonveld, C., Monaghan, K.G., Elmslie, F., Douglas, G., Boonstra, F.N., Millan, F., Cremers, F.P.M., McKnight, D., Richard, G., Juusola, J., Kendall, F., Ramsey, K., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Malkin, E., Chung, W.K., Niyazov, D., Pascual, J.M., Walkiewicz, M., Veluchamy, V., Li, C., Hisama, F.M., Vries, B.B. de, and Schaaf, C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, PURPOSE: Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by optic atrophy and intellectual disability caused by loss-of-function mutations in NR2F1. We report 20 new individuals with BBSOAS, exploring the spectrum of clinical phenotypes and assessing potential genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: Clinical features of individuals with pathogenic NR2F1 variants were evaluated by review of medical records. The functional relevance of coding nonsynonymous NR2F1 variants was assessed with a luciferase assay measuring the impact on transcriptional activity. The effects of two start codon variants on protein expression were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS: We recruited 20 individuals with novel pathogenic NR2F1 variants (seven missense variants, five translation initiation variants, two frameshifting insertions/deletions, one nonframeshifting insertion/deletion, and five whole-gene deletions). All the missense variants were found to impair transcriptional activity. In addition to visual and cognitive deficits, individuals with BBSOAS manifested hypotonia (75%), seizures (40%), autism spectrum disorder (35%), oromotor dysfunction (60%), thinning of the corpus callosum (53%), and hearing defects (20%). CONCLUSION: BBSOAS encompasses a broad range of clinical phenotypes. Functional studies help determine the severity of novel NR2F1 variants. Some genotype-phenotype correlations seem to exist, with missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain causing the most severe phenotypes.Genet Med 18 11, 1143-1150.
Published: 2016

26. De Novo Mutations in SON Disrupt RNA Splicing of Genes Essential for Brain Development and Metabolism, Causing an Intellectual-Disability Syndrome

Author: Kim, J.-H. (Jung-Hyun), Shinde, D.N. (Deepali N.), Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Hauser, N.S. (Natalie S.), Belmonte, R.L. (Rebecca L.), Wilson, G.R. (Gregory R.), Bosch, D.G.M. (Daniëlle G.M.), Bubulya, P.A. (Paula A.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Stone, J.K. (Joshua K.), Park, E.Y. (Eun Young), Veltman, J.A. (Joris), Sinnema, M. (Margje), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Draaisma, J. (Jos), Nicolai, J. (Joost), Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K. (Kristin), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Jewett, T. (Tamison), Santoro, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Vogt, J. (Julie), Bachman, K.K. (Kristine K.), Seeley, A.H. (Andrea ), Krokosky, A. (Alyson), Turner, C. (Clesson), Rohena, L. (Luis), Hempel, M. (Maja), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Lessel, D. (Davor), Neu, A. (Axel), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Bramswig, N. (Nuria), Laccone, F.A. (Franco A.), Behunova, J. (Jana), Rehder, H. (Helga), Gordon, C.T. (Christopher T.), Rio, M. (Marlène), Romana, S. (Serge), Tang, S. (Sha), El-Khechen, D. (Dima), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Douglas, G. (Ganka), Baskin, B. (Berivan), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Funari, T. (Tara), Schoch, K. (Kelly), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.-E. (Dong-Er), Traver, D. (David), Yao, X. (Xu), MacArthur, D.G. (Daniel G.), Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Owen, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lim, S.-T. (Ssang-Taek), Stachura, D.L. (David L.), Vissers, L.E.L.M., Ahn, E.-Y.E. (Eun-Young Erin), Kim, J.-H. (Jung-Hyun), Shinde, D.N. (Deepali N.), Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Hauser, N.S. (Natalie S.), Belmonte, R.L. (Rebecca L.), Wilson, G.R. (Gregory R.), Bosch, D.G.M. (Daniëlle G.M.), Bubulya, P.A. (Paula A.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Stone, J.K. (Joshua K.), Park, E.Y. (Eun Young), Veltman, J.A. (Joris), Sinnema, M. (Margje), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Draaisma, J. (Jos), Nicolai, J. (Joost), Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K. (Kristin), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Jewett, T. (Tamison), Santoro, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Vogt, J. (Julie), Bachman, K.K. (Kristine K.), Seeley, A.H. (Andrea ), Krokosky, A. (Alyson), Turner, C. (Clesson), Rohena, L. (Luis), Hempel, M. (Maja), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Lessel, D. (Davor), Neu, A. (Axel), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Bramswig, N. (Nuria), Laccone, F.A. (Franco A.), Behunova, J. (Jana), Rehder, H. (Helga), Gordon, C.T. (Christopher T.), Rio, M. (Marlène), Romana, S. (Serge), Tang, S. (Sha), El-Khechen, D. (Dima), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Douglas, G. (Ganka), Baskin, B. (Berivan), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Funari, T. (Tara), Schoch, K. (Kelly), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.-E. (Dong-Er), Traver, D. (David), Yao, X. (Xu), MacArthur, D.G. (Daniel G.), Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Owen, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lim, S.-T. (Ssang-Taek), Stachura, D.L. (David L.), Vissers, L.E.L.M., and Ahn, E.-Y.E. (Eun-Young Erin)
Abstract: The overall understanding of the molecular etiologies of intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay (DD) is increasing as next-generation sequencing technologies identify genetic variants in individuals with such disorders. However, detailed analyses c
Published: 2016
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27. Mutations in HIVEP2 are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features

Author: Steinfeld, H. (Hallie), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Person, R. (Rick), Schaefer, G.B. (G. Bradley), Danylchuk, N. (Noelle), Malik, S. (Saleem), Wechsler, S.B. (Stephanie Burns), Wheeler, P.G. (Patricia G.), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Verhoeven, V.J.M. (Virginie), Slegtenhorst, M.A. (Marjon) van, Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Henderson, L.B. (Lindsay B.), Chung, W. (Wendy), Steinfeld, H. (Hallie), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Person, R. (Rick), Schaefer, G.B. (G. Bradley), Danylchuk, N. (Noelle), Malik, S. (Saleem), Wechsler, S.B. (Stephanie Burns), Wheeler, P.G. (Patricia G.), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Verhoeven, V.J.M. (Virginie), Slegtenhorst, M.A. (Marjon) van, Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Henderson, L.B. (Lindsay B.), and Chung, W. (Wendy)
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2 (HIVEP2) has been previously associated with intellectual disability and developmental delay in three patients. Here, we describe six patients with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features with de novo likely gene-damaging variants in HIVEP2 identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES). HIVEP2 encodes a large transcription factor that regulates various neurodevelopmental pathways. Our findings provide further evidence that pathogenic variants in HIVEP2 lead to intellectual disabilities and developmental delay.
Published: 2016
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28. De novo loss of function mutations in KIAA2022 are associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay in females

Author: Webster, R., primary, Cho, M.T., additional, Retterer, K., additional, Millan, F., additional, Nowak, C., additional, Douglas, J., additional, Ahmad, A., additional, Raymond, G.V., additional, Johnson, M.R., additional, Pujol, A., additional, Begtrup, A., additional, McKnight, D., additional, Devinsky, O., additional, and Chung, W.K., additional
Published: 2016
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29. Mutations in DDX3X Are a Common Cause of Unexplained Intellectual Disability with Gender-Specific Effects on Wnt Signaling

Author: Snijders Blok, C., Madsen, E., Juusola, J., Gilissen, C.F., Baralle, D., Reijnders, M.R.F., Venselaar, H., Helsmoortel, C., Cho, M.T., Hoischen, A., Vissers, L.E., Koemans, T.S., Wissink, W.M., Eichler, E.E., Romano, C, Esch, H. Van, Stumpel, C., Vreeburg, M., Smeets, E., Oberndorff, K., Bon, B.W. van, Shaw, M., Gecz, J., Haan, E., Bienek, M., Jensen, C., Loeys, B.L., Dijck, A. Van, Innes, A.M., Racher, H., Vermeer, S., Donato, N. Di, Rump, A., Tatton-Brown, K., Parker, M.J., Henderson, A., Lynch, S.A., Fryer, A., Ross, A., Vasudevan, P., Kini, U., Newbury-Ecob, R., Chandler, K., Male, A., Dijkstra, S, Schieving, J., Giltay, J., Gassen, K.L. van, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J., Tan, P.L., Pediaditakis, I., Haas, S.A., Retterer, K., Reed, P., Monaghan, K.G., Haverfield, E., Natowicz, M., Myers, A., Kruer, M.C., Stein, Q., Strauss, K.A., Brigatti, K.W., Keating, K., Burton, B.K., Kim, K.H., Charrow, J., Norman, J., Foster-Barber, A., Kline, A.D., Kimball, A., Zackai, E., Harr, M., Fox, J., McLaughlin, J., Lindstrom, K., Haude, K.M., Roozendaal, K. van, Brunner, H.G., Chung, W.K., Kooy, R.F., Pfundt, R., Kalscheuer, V., Mehta, S.G., Katsanis, N., Kleefstra, T., Snijders Blok, C., Madsen, E., Juusola, J., Gilissen, C.F., Baralle, D., Reijnders, M.R.F., Venselaar, H., Helsmoortel, C., Cho, M.T., Hoischen, A., Vissers, L.E., Koemans, T.S., Wissink, W.M., Eichler, E.E., Romano, C, Esch, H. Van, Stumpel, C., Vreeburg, M., Smeets, E., Oberndorff, K., Bon, B.W. van, Shaw, M., Gecz, J., Haan, E., Bienek, M., Jensen, C., Loeys, B.L., Dijck, A. Van, Innes, A.M., Racher, H., Vermeer, S., Donato, N. Di, Rump, A., Tatton-Brown, K., Parker, M.J., Henderson, A., Lynch, S.A., Fryer, A., Ross, A., Vasudevan, P., Kini, U., Newbury-Ecob, R., Chandler, K., Male, A., Dijkstra, S, Schieving, J., Giltay, J., Gassen, K.L. van, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J., Tan, P.L., Pediaditakis, I., Haas, S.A., Retterer, K., Reed, P., Monaghan, K.G., Haverfield, E., Natowicz, M., Myers, A., Kruer, M.C., Stein, Q., Strauss, K.A., Brigatti, K.W., Keating, K., Burton, B.K., Kim, K.H., Charrow, J., Norman, J., Foster-Barber, A., Kline, A.D., Kimball, A., Zackai, E., Harr, M., Fox, J., McLaughlin, J., Lindstrom, K., Haude, K.M., Roozendaal, K. van, Brunner, H.G., Chung, W.K., Kooy, R.F., Pfundt, R., Kalscheuer, V., Mehta, S.G., Katsanis, N., and Kleefstra, T.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 153453.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1%-3% of humans with a gender bias toward males. Previous studies have identified mutations in more than 100 genes on the X chromosome in males with ID, but there is less evidence for de novo mutations on the X chromosome causing ID in females. In this study we present 35 unique deleterious de novo mutations in DDX3X identified by whole exome sequencing in 38 females with ID and various other features including hypotonia, movement disorders, behavior problems, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and epilepsy. Based on our findings, mutations in DDX3X are one of the more common causes of ID, accounting for 1%-3% of unexplained ID in females. Although no de novo DDX3X mutations were identified in males, we present three families with segregating missense mutations in DDX3X, suggestive of an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. In these families, all males with the DDX3X variant had ID, whereas carrier females were unaffected. To explore the pathogenic mechanisms accounting for the differences in disease transmission and phenotype between affected females and affected males with DDX3X missense variants, we used canonical Wnt defects in zebrafish as a surrogate measure of DDX3X function in vivo. We demonstrate a consistent loss-of-function effect of all tested de novo mutations on the Wnt pathway, and we further show a differential effect by gender. The differential activity possibly reflects a dose-dependent effect of DDX3X expression in the context of functional mosaic females versus one-copy males, which reflects the complex biological nature of DDX3X mutations.
Published: 2015

30. Association of the missense variant p. Arg203Trp in PACS1 as a cause of intellectual disability and seizures.

Author: Stern, D., Cho, M.T., Chikarmane, R., Willaert, R., Retterer, K., Kendall, F., Deardorff, M., Hopkins, S., Bedoukian, E., Slavotinek, A., Schrier Vergano, S., Spangler, B., McDonald, M., McConkie‐Rosell, A., Burton, B.K., Kim, K.H., Oundjian, N., Kronn, D., Chandy, N., and Baskin, B.
Subjects: *INTELLECTUAL disabilities, *SEIZURES (Medicine), *CRANIOFACIAL abnormalities
Abstract: Graphical abstract key: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, atrial septal defect; DD, developmental delay; EEG, electroencephalogram; Ht, height; ID, intellectual disability; OCD, obsessive‐compulsive disorder; OFC, open fontanelle; PDA, patent ductus arteriosis; PFO, patent foramen ovale; VSD, ventricular septal defect; Wt, weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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31. De novo loss of function mutations in KIAA2022 are associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay in females.

Author: Webster, R., Cho, M.T., Retterer, K., Millan, F., Nowak, C., Douglas, J., Ahmad, A., Raymond, G.V., Johnson, M.R., Pujol, A., Begtrup, A., McKnight, D., Devinsky, O., and Chung, W.K.
Subjects: *GENETIC mutation, *EPILEPSY, *BRAIN diseases, *INTELLECTUAL disabilities, *AUTISM
Abstract: Intellectual disability (ID) affects about 3% of the population and has a male gender bias. Of at least 700 genes currently linked to ID, more than 100 have been identified on the X chromosome, including KIAA2022. KIAA2022 is located on Xq13.3 and is expressed in the developing brain. The protein product of KIAA2022, X‐linked Intellectual Disability Protein Related to Neurite Extension (XPN), is developmentally regulated and is involved in neuronal migration and cell adhesion. The clinical manifestations of loss‐of‐function KIAA2022 mutations have been described previously in 15 males, born from unaffected carrier mothers, but few females. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified a cohort of five unrelated female patients with de novo probably gene damaging variants in KIAA2022 and core phenotypic features of ID, developmental delay, epilepsy refractory to treatment, and impaired language, of similar severity as reported for male counterparts. This study supports KIAA2022 as a novel cause of X‐linked dominant ID, and broadens the phenotype for KIAA2022 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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32. A study on Driving of 35W(T5) fluorescent lamp by the electronic ballast using piezoelectric transformer.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Yoo, J.H., Song, H.S., Na, S.K., Kim, H.S., Oh, H.S., Lee, S.H., Choi, K.H., and Cho, M.T.
Published: 2007
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33. A development of the solar position tracker on the program method for the small typed stand-alone PV system.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Na, S.K., Kim, H.S., Oh, H.S., Kim, Y.S., HanXiao, YuMingZhi, Cho, M.T., Chang, S.C., and Choi, G.S.
Published: 2007
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34. A study on the modeling of piezoelectric transformer for CCFL using a PSPICE.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Yoo, J.H., Han Xiao, Yu Ming Zhi, Kim, H.S., Oh, H.S., Cho, M.T., and Choi, G.S.
Published: 2007
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35. MATLAB and PSPICE micro-modeling of piezoelectric transformer for CCFL drive.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Yoo, J.H., Lee, B.H., Kim, J.R., Jang, E.S., Cho, M.T., Ahn, I.S., Joo, H.J., and Kim, J.S.
Published: 2002
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36. A study on the T5 fluorescent lamp ballast used contour vibration mode piezoelectric transformer using a one-chip microcontroller.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.R., Jang, E.S., Lee, C.S., Cho, M.T., and Kim, J.S.
Published: 2002
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37. Modeling of piezoelectric transformer and CCFL by PSPICE

Author: Hwang, L.H., primary, Yoo, J.H., additional, Lee, B.H., additional, Jang, E.S., additional, and Cho, M.T., additional
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38. A study on the T5 fluorescent lamp ballast used contour vibration mode piezoelectric transformer using a one-chip microcontroller

Author: Hwang, L.H., primary, Yoo, J.H., additional, Kim, J.R., additional, Jang, E.S., additional, Lee, C.S., additional, Cho, M.T., additional, and Kim, J.S., additional
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39. Effects of Stenting Shapes on the Wall Shear Stress in the Angulated Coronary Stenosis

Author: Suh, S.H., primary, Cho, M.T., additional, Kwon, H.M., additional, and Yoo, S.S., additional
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40. MATLAB and PSPICE micro-modeling of piezoelectric transformer for CCFL drive

Author: Hwang, L.H., primary, Yoo, J.H., additional, Lee, B.H., additional, Kim, J.R., additional, Jang, E.S., additional, Cho, M.T., additional, Ahn, I.S., additional, Joo, H.J., additional, and Kim, J.S., additional
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41. Modeling of piezoelectric transformer and CCFL by PSPICE.

Author: Hwang, L.H., Yoo, J.H., Lee, B.H., Jang, E.S., and Cho, M.T.
Published: 2002
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42. Phenotypic spectrum and transcriptomic profile associated with germline variants in TRAF7

Author: Robert A. Hegele, Maria Iascone, Kevin A. Shapiro, Nicolas Chatron, Marwan Shinawi, Joel Charrow, Jeffrey W. Innis, Luitgard Graul-Neumann, Joanna Goes Castro Meira, Anna Lehman, Dawn L. Earl, Victoria R. Sanders, Shannon Rego, David A. Sweetser, Clémantine Dimartino, Wilhelmina S. Kerstjens-Frederikse, Antonio Vitobello, Davor Lessel, Daniel Grinberg, Laurence Faivre, Ryan Peretz, Katherine M. Christensen, Emma Reesor, Erin Beaver, Elizabeth Wohler, Margot R.F. Reijnders, Deborah Barbouth, Anna Cereda, Kaja Kristine Selmer, Melissa A. Walker, Barbro Stadheim, Alessandro Serretti, Helen Kingston, Jill Clayton-Smith, Raymond Lewandowski, Bernarda Lozić, Robert Stratton, Amelia Kirby, Anne H. O’Donnell-Luria, Sara Gabbiadini, Susanna Balcells, Myriam Oufadem, Christel Thauvin, Maha Aly, Wendy K. Chung, Susan M. White, Lauren C. Briere, Thomas Smol, Stanislas Lyonnet, Roberto Colombo, Catherine E. Keegan, Marie T. McDonald, Melanie Parisot, Tiong Yang Tan, Brian Wong, Christopher T. Gordon, Magnus Dehli Vigeland, Frances A. High, Emily Bryant, Audrey Labalme, Nara Sobreira, Arnold Munnich, Jeanne Amiel, Dayna Morel Swols, Raquel Rabionet, Laura Castilla-Vallmanya, Jennifer Heeley, Gunnar Houge, Michael J. Gambello, Bernardo Blanco-Sánchez, Lynn Pais, Olena M. Vaske, Roser Urreizti, Alison Wray, Veronique Pingault, Damien Sanlaville, John Christodoulou, John Millichap, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Parul Jayakar, Helen Cox, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Belinda Chong, Victoria Mok Siu, Anne Slavotinek, Antonie J. van Essen, Ingvild Aukrust, Lorne A. Clarke, Rachel Gannaway, Anne Dieux-Coeslier, Patrick Nitschké, Tony Yao, Simon Sadedin, Danielle Karlowicz, Christelle Rougeot, Christine Bole-Feysot, Sandra Yang, Megan T. Cho, Gaetan Lesca, Christiane Zweier, Castilla-Vallmanya L., Selmer K.K., Dimartino C., Rabionet R., Blanco-Sanchez B., Yang S., Reijnders M.R.F., van Essen A.J., Oufadem M., Vigeland M.D., Stadheim B., Houge G., Cox H., Kingston H., Clayton-Smith J., Innis J.W., Iascone M., Cereda A., Gabbiadini S., Chung W.K., Sanders V., Charrow J., Bryant E., Millichap J., Vitobello A., Thauvin C., Mau-Them F.T., Faivre L., Lesca G., Labalme A., Rougeot C., Chatron N., Sanlaville D., Christensen K.M., Kirby A., Lewandowski R., Gannaway R., Aly M., Lehman A., Clarke L., Graul-Neumann L., Zweier C., Lessel D., Lozic B., Aukrust I., Peretz R., Stratton R., Smol T., Dieux-Coeslier A., Meira J., Wohler E., Sobreira N., Beaver E.M., Heeley J., Briere L.C., High F.A., Sweetser D.A., Walker M.A., Keegan C.E., Jayakar P., Shinawi M., Kerstjens-Frederikse W.S., Earl D.L., Siu V.M., Reesor E., Yao T., Hegele R.A., Vaske O.M., Rego S., Shapiro K.A., Wong B., Gambello M.J., McDonald M., Karlowicz D., Colombo R., Serretti A., Pais L., O'Donnell-Luria A., Wray A., Sadedin S., Chong B., Tan T.Y., Christodoulou J., White S.M., Slavotinek A., Barbouth D., Morel Swols D., Parisot M., Bole-Feysot C., Nitschke P., Pingault V., Munnich A., Cho M.T., Cormier-Daire V., Balcells S., Lyonnet S., Grinberg D., Amiel J., Urreizti R., Gordon C.T., MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), and RS: FHML non-thematic output
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, NF-KAPPA-B, PROTEIN, 030105 genetics & heredity, medicine.disease_cause, Germline, Transcriptome, ACTIVATION, POLYUBIQUITINATION, Missense mutation, Exome, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Sanger sequencing, Mutation, leads, Necrosi, craniofacial development, Phenotype, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins, intellectual disability, patent ductus arteriosu, symbols, Mutation, Missense, Biology, traf7, Article, akt1, target, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Necrosis, patent ductus arteriosus, medicine, Humans, blepharophimosi, Tumors, MUTATIONS, Fibroblasts, medicine.disease, Blepharophimosis, TRAF7, blepharophimosis, GENOMIC ANALYSIS, Germ Cells, 030104 developmental biology, MENINGIOMAS
Abstract: PURPOSE: Somatic variants in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) cause meningioma, while germline variants have recently been identified in seven patients with developmental delay and cardiac, facial, and digital anomalies. We aimed to define the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with TRAF7 germline variants in a large series of patients, and to determine the molecular effects of the variants through transcriptomic analysis of patient fibroblasts.METHODS: We performed exome, targeted capture, and Sanger sequencing of patients with undiagnosed developmental disorders, in multiple independent diagnostic or research centers. Phenotypic and mutational comparisons were facilitated through data exchange platforms. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on RNA from patient- and control-derived fibroblasts.RESULTS: We identified heterozygous missense variants in TRAF7 as the cause of a developmental delay-malformation syndrome in 45 patients. Major features include a recognizable facial gestalt (characterized in particular by blepharophimosis), short neck, pectus carinatum, digital deviations, and patent ductus arteriosus. Almost all variants occur in the WD40 repeats and most are recurrent. Several differentially expressed genes were identified in patient fibroblasts.CONCLUSION: We provide the first large-scale analysis of the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with the TRAF7 developmental syndrome, and we shed light on its molecular etiology through transcriptome studies.
Published: 2020

43. Expansion and further delineation of the SETD5 phenotype leading to global developmental delay, variable dysmorphic features, and reduced penetrance

Author: Ingrid M. Wentzensen, R. Colombo, L. Baker, L. Immken, T. Barbaro-Dieber, Cameron Mroske, Julie S. Cohen, H. Nagakura, Ali Fatemi, J.F. Reynolds, E.S. Jordan, Zöe Powis, Christopher Cunniff, M. T. Cho, Jennifer Burton, Kirsty McWalter, I. Petrik, Rebecca Willaert, Kevin R. Payne, Joseph H. Hersh, Robert Huether, K.A. Aleck, Karen W. Gripp, T. Stamper, K.D. Farwell Hagman, M.J. Guillen Sacoto, K.L. David, Alessandro Serretti, Sha Tang, Powis, Z., Farwell Hagman, K.D., Mroske, C., McWalter, K., Cohen, J.S., Colombo, R., Serretti, A., Fatemi, A., David, K.L., Reynolds, J., Immken, L., Nagakura, H., Cunniff, C.M., Payne, K., Barbaro-Dieber, T., Gripp, K.W., Baker, L., Stamper, T., Aleck, K.A., Jordan, E.S., Hersh, J.H., Burton, J., Wentzensen, I.M., Guillen Sacoto, M.J., Willaert, R., Cho, M.T., Petrik, I., Huether, R., and Tang, S.
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, Developmental Disabilities, Penetrance, Biology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Intellectual Disability, Exome Sequencing, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Global developmental delay, Child, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Sequence (medicine), Infant, SETD5, Methyltransferases, Middle Aged, Body Dysmorphic Disorders, medicine.disease, Phenotype, haploinsufficiency, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Female, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3, Chromosome Deletion, Haploinsufficiency
Abstract: Diagnostic exome sequencing (DES) has aided delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of rare genetic etiologies of intellectual disability (ID). A SET domain containing 5 gene (SETD5) phenotype of ID and dysmorphic features has been previously described in relation to patients with 3p25.3 deletions and in a few individuals with de novo sequence alterations. Herein, we present additional patients with pathogenic SETD5 sequence alterations. The majority of patients in this cohort and previously reported have developmental delay, behavioral/psychiatric issues, and variable hand and skeletal abnormalities. We also present an apparently unaffected carrier mother of an affected individual and a carrier mother with normal intelligence and affected twin sons. We suggest that the phenotype of SETD5 is more complex and variable than previously presented. Therefore, many features and presentations need to be considered when evaluating a patient for SETD5 alterations through DES.
Published: 2018

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