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This paper presents a novel predictive model for advertising campaigns in IPTV networks that uses the advanced geolocation-based display of advertising messages. Thanks to advanced data analysis and modern geolocation technologies, the proposed model enables the more precise planning and optimisation of advertising campaigns. Advertisers can thus better understand the preferences and behaviours of audiences in different geographical regions. This allows the creation of more tailored and engaging content of programmes and advertisements, leading to higher levels of viewer engagement in the content presented and increasing the effectiveness of campaigns.

This paper explores some of the ways in which international central banking can contribute to containing the imminent worldwide climate crisis in a context in which the role of national central banks is important but effectively limited to employing two new stabilization policy tools: macroprudential policy and QE programmes. The authors argue in favour of institutional reform that would gradually transform the IMF into an international central bank and the SDR into a genuine international currency. Even its limited scope would substantially increase the IMF’s capacity to solve one of the key problems of the global climate policy, namely the shortage of funding for the decarbonization of developing economies.

Every real-estate related investment decision making process calls for the careful analysis of available information even though it is often carried out in conditions of uncertainty. The paper attempts to minimize the impact of the factor on the quality of real estate investment decisions through the proposal of application of tools based on the simulation of the process of natural selection and biological evolution. The aim of the study is to analyze the potential of methodology based on genetic algorithms (GA) to build automated valuation models (AVM) in uncertainty conditions and support investment decisions on the real estate market. The developed model facilitates the selection of properties adequate to the adopted assumptions, i.e. individuals best suited to the environment. The tool can be used by real estate investment advisors and potential investors on the market to predict future processes and the proper confrontation of past events with planned events. Even though genetic algorithms are tools that have already found particular application on real estate market, there are still areas that need further studies in the case of more effective uses. The obtained results allow for the possibilities and barriers of applying GA to real estate market analyses to be defined.

Aim: Evidence shows that 20%-30% of patients who aspirate do so silently. Research to date has not demonstrated clear evidence to indicate which patients are at higher risk of silent aspiration. Our aim was to use univariate logistic regression analysis of retrospective case review to determine potential patterns of silent aspiration. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 455 fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) reports. The patients were divided into four groups: G1 -- neurological diseases (n = 93), G2 -- head and neck surgery (n = 200), G3 -- gastroenterological diseases (n = 94) and G4 -- other patients (n = 68). Data included the occurrence or absence of saliva penetration or aspiration, of silent fluid/solid food penetration or aspiration, type of penetration or aspiration, occurrence of cranial nerve paresis, radiotherapy and tracheostomy. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate independent risk factors of silent aspiration in the study population. Three models with different independent variables were considered. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of silent penetration and aspiration within the groups (p < 0.001), with intraglutative being most frequent. Fluid and food penetration and aspiration correlated with saliva penetration and aspiration in all groups (p < 0.001). Cranial nerve paresis (IX and X), radiotherapy and tracheostomy correlate with saliva penetration and aspiration (p = 0.020 for cranial nerve paresis; p = 0.004 for radiotherapy; p < 0.001 for tracheostomy). One hundred and fifteen patients (45.81%) in the subgroup of patients with intraglutative aspiration had cranial nerve paresis (IX, X or IX-X). Conclusions: Patients who should be prioritised or considered to be at a higher need of instrumental swallowing evaluation are those with IX and X cranial nerve paresis, tracheostomy and those who have had radiotherapy, with saliva swallowing problems, especially after paraganglioma, thyroid and parathyroid glands and middle and posterior fossa tumour surgery.

In this paper we present an algorithm for precise estimation of moving objects density (typically people and vehicles) in indoor and outdoor scenes. Automatic generation of the so-called density maps is based on video sequences acquired by surveillance systems. Our approach offers two types of solutions. The first one increments the accumulation table when a moving object is detected in a location of interest, delivering a density map of the presence of moving objects. The second algorithm increments the accumulation table only in cases of detecting a new moving object, resulting in a density map of the count of moving objects. The proposed algorithms were tested with the use of PETS 2009 database and with our own database of long-term video recordings. Finally, results of the density maps visualization and determination of the “busy hours” are presented.

The energy consumption for space heating and domestic hot water preparation are significant burdens of a polish household budget, especially in old tenement houses. Simultaneously, lowering the emission of pollutants is under the great importance and one of main goals to achieve in big cities. This policy results in the need of elimination of systems based on solid fuels. The article analyses the environmental and social consequences of the exchange of heat sources in such buildings in one of the quarters in Wroclaw. It presents how this change will affect the levels of low emission and costs of energy supply to tenement buildings.

The article presents a statistical analysis of the monthly consumption of hot water in apartment buildings. On this basis, a monthly model of hot water consumption in multi-family buildings was proposed. This model consists of two sub models: model of average daily consumption of domestic hot water and a model describing changes in consumption of hot water in individual months of the year. To construct the model of average daily consumption of hot water, data on the consumption of hot water was used out of 16 multi-family buildings from the period of two years. The data was supplemented with information on the housing structure in the building. The study of changes in hot water consumption in the following months was based on data obtained from 30 buildings. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the monthly consumption of hot water, the outside temperature and holiday period.

Over the past couple of decades, it has become apparent that skeletal muscles might be engaged in endocrine signaling, mostly as a result of exercise or physical activity in general. The importance of this phenomenon is currently studied in terms of the impact that exercise- or physical activity -induced signaling factors have, in the interaction of the “muscle-brain crosstalk.” So far, skeletal muscle-derived myokines were demonstrated to intercede in the connection between muscles and a plethora of various organs such as adipose tissue, liver, or pancreas. However, the exact mechanism of muscle-brain communication is yet to be determined. It is speculated that, in particular, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, cathepsin B (CTSB), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) partake in this crosstalk by promoting neuronal proliferation and synaptic plasticity, also resulting in improved cognition and ameliorated behavioral alterations. Researchers suggest that myokines might act directly on the brain parenchyma via crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The following article reviews the information available regarding rodent studies on main myokines determined to cross the BBB, specifically addressing the association between exercise-induced myokine release and central nervous system (CNS) impairments. Although the hypothesis of skeletal muscles being critical sources of myokines seems promising, it should not be forgotten that the origin of these factors might vary, depending on the cell types engaged in their synthesis. Limited amount of research providing information on alterations in myokines expression in various organs at the same time, results in taking them only as circumstantial evidence on the way to determine the actual involvement of skeletal muscles in the overall state of homeostasis. The following article reviews the information available regarding rodent studies on main myokines determined to cross the BBB, specifically addressing the association between exercise-induced myokine release and CNS impairments.

The article discusses the influence of the cold water temperature on the amount of energy consumed for the purposes of the DHW preparation in multi-family buildings. The article begins with a presentation of the DHW consumption readings from a multi-family building, recorded on a monthly basis during the period of 4 years. The readings constituted the base for calculating the demand for energy for the purposes of the DHW preparation. Subsequently, basing on the output water temperature readings from the water treatment plant, it was proved that the temperature of the mains water fluctuates throughout the year. The review of the available literature, as well as the measurements, confirmed that it is necessary to develop a new model of the cold water temperature that would take into account the type of intake in a water treatment plant. The final part of the article presents how the accepted assumptions about the temperature of the mains water influence the consumption of energy for the purposes of the DHW preparation.

We characterized the world's second case with ascertained extreme resilience to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). Side-by-side comparisons of this male case and the previously reported female case with ADAD homozygote for the APOE3 Christchurch (APOECh) variant allowed us to discern common features. The male remained cognitively intact until 67 years of age despite carrying a PSEN1-E280A mutation. Like the APOECh carrier, he had extremely elevated amyloid plaque burden and limited entorhinal Tau tangle burden. He did not carry the APOECh variant but was heterozygous for a rare variant in RELN (H3447R, termed COLBOS after the Colombia-Boston biomarker research study), a ligand that like apolipoprotein E binds to the VLDLr and APOEr2 receptors. RELN-COLBOS is a gain-of-function variant showing stronger ability to activate its canonical protein target Dab1 and reduce human Tau phosphorylation in a knockin mouse. A genetic variant in a case protected from ADAD suggests a role for RELN signaling in resilience to dementia.

The article presents the analysis of the hot water consumption in apartment buildings. This study was conducted basing on the data gathered from 626 apartments during two following years. By statistical analysis of the collected data, the correlation between the DHW consumption and both the size of the apartments and the number of occupants in the dwellings was evaluated. The dependencies between the hot water consumption and these two parameters were calculated. The results were compared to the data available in the literature. The article lists the areas of the greatest inaccuracies in the calculations basing on the available indicators and proposes an alternative method that corrects them. The results were used to develop a calculation model for daily hot water usage in multi-apartment buildings.

In the original publication [...]

Abstract Background Constipation is a frustrating symptom affecting 3% of children worldwide. Randomised controlled trials show that both polyethylene glycol and lactulose are effective in increasing defecation frequency in children with constipation. However, in 30–50%, these children reported abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea, nausea and bad taste of the medication. Two recent studies have shown that the fermented dairy product containing Bifidobacterium lactis strain DN-173 010 is effective in increasing stool frequency in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients with a defecation frequency < 3/week and in constipated women with a defecation frequency < 3/week. Goal of this study is to determine whether this fermented dairy product is effective in the treatment of constipated children with a defecation frequency < 3/week. Methods/design It is a two nation (The Netherlands and Poland) double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised multicentre trial in which 160 constipated children (age 3–16 years) with a defecation frequency Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 or a control product, twice a day, for 3 weeks. During the study all children are instructed to try to defecate on the toilet for 5–10 minutes after each meal (3 times a day) and daily complete a standardized bowel diary. Primary endpoint is stool frequency. Secondary endpoints are stool consistency, faecal incontinence frequency, pain during defecation, digestive symptoms (abdominal pain, flatulence), adverse effects (nausea, diarrhoea, bad taste) and intake of rescue medication (Bisacodyl). Rate of success and rate of responders are also evaluated, with success defined as ≥ 3 bowel movements per week and ≤1 faecal incontinence episode over the last 2 weeks of product consumption and responder defined as a subject reporting a stool frequency ≥ 3 on the last week of product consumption. To demonstrate that the success percentage in the intervention group will be 35% and the success percentage in the control group (acidified milk without ferments, toilet training, bowel diary) will be 15%, with alpha 0.05 and power 80%, a total sample size of 160 patients was calculated. Conclusion This study is aimed to show that the fermented dairy product containing Bifidobacterium lactis strain DN-173 010 is effective in increasing stool frequency after 3 weeks of product consumption in children with functional constipation and a defecation frequency < 3/week.

The article discusses the process of providing full-arch implant-supported zirconia bridges using digital tools for planning, guided surgery, and prosthetics. It emphasizes the importance of prosthetically driven planning to ensure optimal outcomes for patients with missing or damaged teeth. The article outlines the steps involved in clinical assessment, prototype determination, radiographic guides, digital planning, surgical guide fabrication, surgery, provisional restoration, healing period, final restoration production, and delivery. The process involves a combination of advanced technologies and careful planning to achieve successful outcomes in dental care. [Extracted from the article]