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8. Early intervention, prevention, and prediction in mood disorders: Tracking multidimensional outcomes in young people presenting for mental health care

Author

Scott, Elizabeth M., primary, Carpenter, Joanne S., additional, Iorfino, Frank, additional, Cross, Shane P.M., additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, White, Django, additional, Lee, Rico S.Z., additional, Naismith, Sharon L., additional, Guastella, Adam J., additional, Glozier, Nicholas, additional, Leweke, F. Markus, additional, Koethe, Dagmar, additional, Lagopoulos, Jim, additional, Scott, Jan, additional, Hamilton, Blake A., additional, Crouse, Jacob J., additional, Tickell, Ashleigh M., additional, Nichles, Alissa, additional, Zmicerevska, Natalia, additional, Gehue, Lillian J., additional, Kaur, Manreena, additional, Chitty, Kate M., additional, and Hickie, Ian B., additional

Published
2020
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11. Contributors

Author

Abbott, Ryan, primary, Ahmed, Ahmed T., additional, Alda, Martin, additional, Amstadter, Ananda B., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Arnet, Victoria K., additional, Bardy, Cedric, additional, Barta, Csaba, additional, Baune, Bernhard T., additional, Becker, Elisabeth R.B., additional, Bewernick, Bettina H., additional, Biernacka, Joanna M., additional, Bleich, Stefan, additional, Blumenthal, Marissa S., additional, Bonvicini, Cristian, additional, Bousman, Chad A., additional, Brown, Lisa C., additional, Burton, Christie L., additional, Cao, Han, additional, Carpenter, Joanne S., additional, Cath, Danielle, additional, Cearns, Micah, additional, Chang, Donald D., additional, Charney, Alexander, additional, Ching, Christopher R.K., additional, Chitty, Kate M., additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G., additional, Clark, Scott R., additional, Cole, A.M., additional, Collinson, Jane L., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, additional, Corvin, A., additional, Cotter, David R., additional, Cross, Shane P.M., additional, Crouse, Jacob J., additional, Cryan, John F, additional, Czamara, Darina, additional, Dalvie, Shareefa, additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Delahanty, Douglas L., additional, Dinan, Timothy G, additional, Eapen, Valsamma, additional, Eyre, Harris A., additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Frieling, Helge, additional, Frye, Mark A., additional, Gehue, Lillian J., additional, Geller, Daniel, additional, Glozier, Nicholas, additional, Godlewska, Beata R., additional, Goldstein-Piekarski, Andrea N., additional, Gorbovskaya, Ilona, additional, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, additional, Grande, Iria, additional, Grant, Paul, additional, Greenberg, Zarina, additional, Grünblatt, Edna, additional, Guastella, Adam J., additional, Gururajan, Anand, additional, Hahn, Tim, additional, Hall, Alisha S.M., additional, Hamilton, Blake A., additional, Hamm, Alfons O., additional, Harmer, Catherine J., additional, Hartmann, Jessica, additional, Hauser, Michael A., additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, Hickie, Ian B., additional, Iorfino, Frank, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Jansen, Iris E., additional, Junglen, Angela G., additional, Karim, Helmet T., additional, Kaur, Manreena, additional, Koen, Nastassja, additional, Koethe, Dagmar, additional, Lagopoulos, Jim, additional, Lee, Rico S.Z., additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Leweke, F. Markus, additional, Licinio, Julio, additional, Linden, David E.J., additional, Liu, Jonathan C.W., additional, Lo, Anita, additional, Lohoff, Falk W., additional, Lori, Adriana, additional, Lueken, Ulrike, additional, Maj, Carlo, additional, McGorry, Patrick D., additional, McIntyre, Roger S., additional, McMahon, Agnes B., additional, Mehta, Divya, additional, Mei, Cristina, additional, Morey, Rajendra A., additional, Müller, Daniel J., additional, Naismith, Sharon L., additional, Nelson, Barnaby, additional, Neyazi, Alexandra, additional, Nichles, Alissa, additional, Nievergelt, Caroline M., additional, Nugent, Nicole R., additional, Ormond, C., additional, Pardiñas, Antonio F., additional, Perry, Seth W., additional, Pisanu, Claudia, additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Ragguett, Renee-Marie, additional, Raji, Cyrus, additional, Raygada, Margarita, additional, Rennert, Owen M., additional, Reynolds, Charles F., additional, Sabherwal, Sophie, additional, Salagre, Estela, additional, Saunders, Pamela H., additional, Scassellati, Catia, additional, Schlaepfer, Thomas E., additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Schubert, Klaus Oliver, additional, Schwarz, Emanuel, additional, Scott, Elizabeth M., additional, Scott, Jan, additional, Sebat, Jonathan, additional, Severino, Giovanni, additional, Sheerin, Christina, additional, Singh, Ajeet B., additional, Singh, Balwinder, additional, Smagula, Stephen F., additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, Smith, Alicia K., additional, Sorcher, Jill L., additional, Spooner, Rachael, additional, Squassina, Alessio, additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Streit, Fabian, additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, Sumner, Jennifer A., additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Tickell, Ashleigh M., additional, Toben, Catherine, additional, Uddin, Monica, additional, Vahabzadeh, Arshya, additional, Van, Linh K., additional, van de Weijer, Margot P., additional, van den Heuvel, Odile A., additional, Van der Auwera, Sandra, additional, Verboven, Anouk H.A., additional, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Wainer, Zoe, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Watson, Hunna J., additional, White, Django, additional, Williams, Leanne M., additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Yao, Yin, additional, Yilmaz, Zeynep, additional, Zai, Gwyneth, additional, and Zmicerevska, Natalia, additional

Published
2019
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15. Supplemental Material - Use of Medicare Benefit Scheme mental health services in young people who experienced self-harm and/or suicidal behaviours: Data from the Young Minds Matter survey

Author

Chitty, Kate M., Sawyer, Michael Gifford, Carter, Gregory, and Lawrence, David

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental Material for Use of Medicare Benefit Scheme mental health services in young people who experienced self-harm and/or suicidal behaviours: Data from the Young Minds Matter survey by Kate M Chitty, Michael Sawyer, Gregory Carter, and David Lawrence in Australasian Psychiatry

Published
2023
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33. Antidepressant treatment trajectories and suicide attempt among Australians aged 45 years and older: A population study using individual prescription data.

Author

Carter, Gregory, Sperandei, Sandro, Chitty, Kate M., and Page, Andrew

Subjects
ATTEMPTED suicide, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, SUICIDAL behavior, SUICIDAL ideation, OLDER people
Abstract

Introduction: Meta‐analyses show antidepressant initiation has increased risk of suicidal behavior <25 years, no difference 25–64 years and reduced risk 65+ years. Estimating risks from RCTs has limitations and real‐world population estimates are uncommon. Methods: A self‐controlled case series reporting incidence rate ratio (IRR) between exposed and control periods for antidepressants associated with suicide attempt, in Australian older age adults. We included all cases with suicide attempt [hospital data for ICD codes (X60–X84)] and any antidepressant use (n = 689) by participants in the "45 and Up Study". Results: For all antidepressants the IRR for suicide attempt was elevated across all exposures, declining from 7.44 (95%CI 5.57–9.94) during the first 30 days, to 2.21 (1.73–2.81) at 91+ days. All four antidepressant sub‐groups had higher IRRs for the first 30 day exposure: 2.43 (1.37–4.29) for TCAs, 4.06 (2.78–5.93) for SSRIs, 4.15 (2.65–6.50) for other antidepressants, and 4.92 (3.30–7.34) for SNRIs. Increased IRR persisted for 61‐ to 90‐day exposures for SSRIs 2.42 (1.18–4.98) and SNRIs 2.66 (1.34–5.27). Conclusion: Some older adults have increased risk of suicide attempt with antidepressant exposure, which may persist for months. Clinical guidelines should recommend a period of monitoring for treatment‐emergent suicidal thoughts and behaviors in older adult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. Transdiagnostic neurocognitive subgroups and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a cohort study

Author

Crouse, Jacob J., primary, Chitty, Kate M., additional, Iorfino, Frank, additional, Carpenter, Joanne S., additional, White, Django, additional, Nichles, Alissa, additional, Zmicerevska, Natalia, additional, Tickell, Ashleigh M., additional, Lee, Rico S.C., additional, Naismith, Sharon L., additional, Scott, Elizabeth M., additional, Scott, Jan, additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, and Hickie, Ian B., additional

Published
2020
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39. Modelling associations between neurocognition and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a longitudinal cohort study

Author

Crouse, Jacob J., primary, Chitty, Kate M., additional, Iorfino, Frank, additional, Carpenter, Joanne S., additional, White, Django, additional, Nichles, Alissa, additional, Zmicerevska, Natalia, additional, Guastella, Adam J., additional, Scott, Elizabeth M., additional, Lee, Rico S. C., additional, Naismith, Sharon L., additional, Scott, Jan, additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, and Hickie, Ian B., additional

Published
2020
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40. Discontinuities and disruptions in drug dosage guidelines for the paediatric population

Author

Chitty, Kate M., Chan, Bosco, Pulanco, Camille L., Luu, Sonya, Egunsola, Oluwaseun, and Buckley, Nicholas A.

Subjects
Adolescent, Body Surface Area, body surface area, Body Weight, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Australian Medicines Handbook Children’s Dosing Companion (AMH-CDC, Infant, 111403 - Paediatrics [FoR], 111502 - Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics [FoR], Pharmaceutical Preparations, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Drug Dosage Calculations, paediatricdosing, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Child, allometric scaling
Abstract

AIMS: This study investigates paediatric drug dosage guidelines with the aim of investigating their agreement with body surface area (BSA) scaling principles. METHODS: A total of 454 drug dosage guidelines listed in the AMH‐CDC 2015 were examined. Data extracted included the administration, frequency and dose per age bracket from 0 to 18 years. Drug treatments were categorized as follows: (1) The same dose recommendation in milligrams per kilogram (mg kg(−1)) for all age/weights; (2) Change in the mg kg(−1) dosing according to age/weight; (3) Change in dose in mg according to age/weight; (4) Change from mg kg(−1) dosing to a dose in mg according to age/weight; (5) The same recommendation for all age/weight groups in mg; or (6) BSA dosing. Example drugs were selected to illustrate dose progression across ages. RESULTS: Most drug treatments (63%) have the same mg kg(−1) dose for all age/weight groups, 14% are dosed in mg kg(−1) across all ages with dose changes according to age/weight, 13% were dosed in mg across all ages with dose changes, 10% switched from mg kg(−1) to a set dose in mg, 4.2% have the same dose in mg for all age and weight groups and 2.2% are dosed according to BSA. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric dosage guidelines are based on weight‐based formulas, available dosing formulations and prior patterns of use. Substantial variation from doses predicted by BSA scaling are common, as are large shifts in recommended doses at age thresholds. Further research is required to determine if better outcomes could be achieved by adopting biologically based scaling of paediatric doses.

Published
2018

41. Exploring associations between early substance use and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning in young people engaged in a mental health service

Author

Crouse, Jacob J., primary, Chitty, Kate M., additional, Iorfino, Frank, additional, White, Django, additional, Nichles, Alissa, additional, Zmicerevska, Natalia, additional, Guastella, Adam J., additional, Moustafa, Ahmed A., additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, Scott, Elizabeth M., additional, and Hickie, Ian B., additional

Published
2019
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43. Reporting of alcohol as a contributor to death in Australian national suicide statistics and its relationship to post‐mortem alcohol concentrations.

Author

Chitty, Kate M., Schumann, Jennifer L., Moran, Lauren L., Chong, Daniel G., Hurzeler, Tristan P., and Buckley, Nicholas A.

Subjects
*ALCOHOLISM, *ALCOHOLS (Chemical class), *AUTOPSY, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CAUSES of death, *RESEARCH methodology, *CASE studies, *NOSOLOGY, *SUICIDE, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ODDS ratio
Abstract

Aim: To describe the assignment of International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐10 alcohol codes as underlying or contributory causes of death by the Australian Bureau of Statistics during mortality coding for suicides according to the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) detected at autopsy. Design Population‐based case‐series descriptive analysis. Setting and participants: Data for all alcohol‐related (Alc+) suicide deaths (aged 15+) in Australia from 2010–2015 (n = 3132) from the National Coronial Information System. Measurements Alc+ suicides were categorised as those with a post‐mortem BAC ≥0.05 g/100 mL. The outcome variable was whether the case was assigned an ICD‐10 alcohol code (F10.0–F10.9, R78.0, T51, X45 and/or X65). We estimated OR for the assignment of codes in Alc+ suicides using BAC as the key predictor. We also examined several covariates that have been implicated in the risk of Alc+ suicides. Findings An ICD‐10 alcohol code was assigned during the mortality coding process in 47.6% (n = 1491) of Alc+ suicides. Higher BAC was associated with higher odds of having a code assigned; cases with a BAC over 0.20 g/100 mL over were twice as likely to have an alcohol code assigned (adjusted OR [AOR] = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.59, 2.67) compared with cases with a BAC of 0.050–0.075 g/100 mL. Compared with New South Wales, higher likelihood of code assignment was found in Northern Territory (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.32, 6.63) and Western Australia (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.27, 3.68). Compared with 15–24 year olds, 25–44 (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.99) and 65–84 year olds (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.93) were less likely to have a code assigned. Conclusions: An ICD‐10 alcohol code was not assigned as an underlying or contributory cause of death in over half of suicides in Australia (2010–2015) with a BAC ≥0.05 g/100 mL. The higher the BAC detected at autopsy, the more likely cases were to be assigned an alcohol code during the mortality coding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Authors' reply

Author

Chitty, Kate M., primary, Isbister, Geoffrey K., additional, Dawson, Andrew H., additional, and Buckley, Nicholas A., additional

Published
2017
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50. Hippocampal glutamatergic/NMDA receptor functioning in bipolar disorder: a combined MMN and 1H-MRS study

Author

Chitty, Kate M., Lagopoulos, Jim, Hickie, Ian B., and Hermens, Daniel F.

Subjects
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Mismatch negativity, Glutamate, behavioral disciplines and activities, Hippocampus, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

Disturbances in the hippocampal glutamate (Glu)/N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Here we aim to provide a targeted integration of two measures of glutamatergic functioning in BD; the association between mismatch negativity (MMN) and in vivo hippocampal-Glu measured via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS). Participants comprised of 33 patients with BD and 23 matched controls who underwent a two-tone passive, duration deviant MMN paradigm and (1)H MRS. Levels of Glu/creatine (Cr) in the hippocampus were determined. Pearson's correlations were used to determine associations between MMN and Glu/Cr. In controls, MMN amplitude was positively associated with Glu/Cr at the left temporal site. We did not find any significant associations with Glu/Cr and frontocentral MMN nor did we find any significant associations in BD patients. The results provide further insight into the neurophysiology of MMN, with evidence supporting the role of hippocampal-Glu signalling through the NMDA receptor in temporal MMN. Our data also demonstrate that Glu/Cr regulation of MMN is dampened in BD, which may indicate a lack of tightly regulated hippocampal NMDA functioning. These findings provide insight into the underlying basis of glutamatergic transmission disturbances implicated in the disorder. NHMRC Australia Fellowship 464914

Published
2015

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