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Our present time is characterised by many contradictions and the aspect of uncertainty indicates a sense of our deep loss of values. Education is the traditional space, in which generations create meanings and adults prefigure the future. Despite the idea of liquid modernity, which dominates our existence, we are convinced that we inherit meaningful testimonies of schools born in the spirit of the Reform from the pedagogic culture of the last two centuries. Schools, such as Dalton, Jena Plan, Decroly and Freinet, are still alive and bringing us a new message of citizenship education coherent with the impulse of their founders. Following our field study to investigate the reality of the Schools of Method in the areas of the Flanders and Brussels we were able to draw a solid concept of community. In the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, we assume that the modern western culture reaches its task to convert the dispute into tolerance. Citizenship education wishes to overcome any separations and indicates the road to peace and harmony. It is not by chance that Reform Schools are now reaffirming the original impulse. They are transforming the contradictions of our postmodern society into the management of daily education. Headmasters and teachers are seriously opting for movement and variety of the curriculum against school stereotypes of the disciplines. Children become protagonists of the reformation, using the methodology of dialogue, development and discovery. Teachers and parents appear to be fundamental parts of the process, and learning democracy in school begins with the practice of a council of pupils: discussing, deciding, doing. The external world actively enters schools to shape life. History is composed of the biographies of senior citizens, mainly grandfathers, and languages are matter of pride for children from families with migrant backgrounds.

Transforming stand-alone qubits into a functional, general-purpose quantum processing unit requires an architecture where many-body quantum entanglement can be generated and controlled in a coherent, modular, and measurable fashion. Electronic circuits promise a well-developed pathway for large-scale integration once a mature library of quantum-compatible elements have been developed. In the domain of superconducting circuits, fluxonium has recently emerged as a promising qubit due to its high-coherence and large anharmonicity, yet its scalability has not been systematically explored. In this work, we present a blueprint for a high-performance fluxonium-based quantum processor that addresses the challenges of frequency crowding, and both quantum and classical crosstalk. The main ingredients of this architecture include high-anharmonicity circuits, multipath couplers to entangle qubits where spurious longitudinal coupling can be nulled, circuit designs that are compatible with multiplexed microwave circuitry, and strongly coupled readout channels that do not require complex, frequency-sculpted elements to maintain coherence. In addition, we explore robust and resource-efficient protocols for quantum logical operations, then perform numerical simulations to validate the expected performance of this proposed processor with respect to gate fidelity, fabrication yield, and logical error suppression. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to implement the architecture and achieve the anticipated performance.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were several women in Italy, who gave pedagogy a new impulse. Among those women, two educationalists, Maria Montessori and Giuseppina Pizzigoni introduced new visions of the school by designing strategies that overcame the barriers to education. The first, with the structuring of a method, arose in Rome and has now spread throughout the world. The second was the creation of the Pizzigoni Renewed School in Milan. The Ministry of Education validated their proposals as innovative methods for all schools. In 1911, Pizzigoni's experimental method received official approval and, since then, teacher training courses were promoted. The enlightened spirits of these two pioneers led the Italian school towards a new deal. The search for a method was at the basis of the scientific and experimental turning point; the method also had to taken advantage of medicine and psychology, both relevant in the preparation of all teachers. This article focuses attention on the value of the scientific research conducted by Pizzigoni, less known internationally. Pizzigoni thought, built and defined the school and the method as a unique pedagogical act. She structured the curriculum for kindergarten and decidedly wished to turn the direction of elementary studies upside down: from Idealism to Positivism, from passivity to activity, from rigidity to creativity. In her mind children must be removed from the unhealthy places of the Milan suburbs and, instead, must be educated in a school open to the world. Hence the pedagogical elaboration of the concept of objective teaching as the keyword of the experimental method.

Quantum-limited Josephson parametric amplifiers play a pivotal role in advancing the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics by enabling the fast and high-fidelity measurement of weak microwave signals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust parametric amplifiers with low noise, broad bandwidth, and reduced design complexity for microwave detection. However, current broadband parametric amplifiers either have degraded noise performance or rely on complex designs. Here, we present a device based on the broadband impedance-transformed Josephson parametric amplifier that integrates a hornlike coplanar waveguide transmission line, which significantly decreases the design and fabrication complexity while keeping comparable performance. The device shows an instantaneous bandwidth of 700 (200) MHz for 15 (20) dB gain with an average input saturation power of −110 dBm and near quantum-limited added noise. The operating frequency can be tuned over 1.4 GHz using an external flux bias. We further demonstrate the negligible backaction from our device on a transmon qubit. The amplification performance and simplicity of our device promise its wide adaptation in quantum metrology, quantum communication, and quantum information processing.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used for the treatment and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Nowadays, DOACs represent the gold standard for long-term anticoagulation, with low-intensity DOACs administration becoming increasingly used worldwide in such scenario. Albeit low-intensity apixaban and rivaroxaban are approved for clinical usage as secondary VTE prophylaxis, there are few literature data regarding their efficacy and safety with a long follow-up. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose DOACs for VTE secondary prophylaxis, in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who required long-term anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrent VTE, treated with apixaban 2.5 mg BID or rivaroxaban 10 mg daily with a follow-up ≥ 12 months. Results: The examined patients were 323. The median low-dose DOACs administration time was 25.40 months (IQR 13.93-45.90). Twelve (3.7%) VTE recurrences were observed; 21 bleeding events were registered (6.5%), including one episode of MB (0.3%), 8 CRNMB (2.5%) and 12 minor bleeding (3.7%). No statistically significant difference in the rate of VTE recurrence and/or bleeding events emerged between rivaroxaban and apixaban groups. Patients included in the study for multiple episodes of VTE presented a significant higher risk of a new VTE recurrence during low-intensity DOAC. Conclusions: Our data suggest that low-dose DOACs may be effective and safe in the secondary VTE prophylaxis in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence, but attention might be needed in their choice in such scenario for patients who experienced multiple episodes of VTE.

Living alongside one another in a spirit of acceptance evokes the concept of tolerance that, from Erasmus da Rotterdam to Voltaire to Primo Mazzolari, calls upon us to understand that the only possible choice for mankind, from time immemorial, has been to educate towards coexistence within milieus that increasingly differ by culture, customs, ways of thinking and behaviours. Beliefs and concepts sometimes refer to values that may also be quite remote from and unlike ours and, as a result, our capacity to find points of contact with other persons becomes the condition, not only for survival, but for growth itself as a human person. To know how to interpret and yet keep one's own points of reference is a constant challenge to our intelligence guided by the will to do good. The concept of free will is based precisely on the strength of the human will, driven to dedicate itself to whatever safeguards, or to turn away from the search for salvation. Freedom cannot exist if we replace it with new absolutisms and mental blocks that hinder the realisation of that growing humanisation plan, founded on responsibility and care. This paper broaches the subject of the relevance of education to tolerance: on one hand, a plan for detecting the limits within us and, on the other, the need for creating a human community, with the purpose of defining a common interest to live for and commit ourselves. So, it is a matter of choosing whether to live through another cold war or shift towards much more promising horizons of encounter and solidarity.

The survey on anticoagulated patients register (START-Register) is an independent, prospective, inception-cohort observational study aimed at providing information on patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Italy. In this study, we describe the cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in the START-Register and report outcomes and changes in anticoagulant prescription from 2011 to 2021. The study included 11,078 AF patients, enrolled in 47 Italian centers distributed all over the Country; the median age was 77 years (range 18-99 years); 6029 (54.3%) were men; 5135 (46.4%) were on VKAs, and 5943 (53.6%) were on DOACs. Warfarin was the most prescribed VKA (98.4%), and apixaban was the most prescribed DOAC (31.6%). Among DOAC users, 4022 (67.7%) patients were naive to anticoagulation, and 2562 (43.1%) patients were treated with a reduced dose. DOAC patients were significantly older than VKA patients (median age 79 years vs 76 years respectively, P

Abstract Over the last 2 years, different cases of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients affected by SARS‐CoV2 have been reported. The management of SARS‐CoV2 in subjects with simultaneous or previous ITP can be challenging because of the great involvement of the haemostatic system in this viral infection. In this report, we describe the management and outcome of patients with newly diagnosed (ND), chronic and previous ITP, infected by COVID‐19, referred to the Haematology Institute of University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I in Rome. Steroids + immunoglobulins for ND or relapsed ITP and continuation of home therapy for chronic ITP are advised, although further knowledge is required.

The research we present concerns the narratives of political and social identity of young adolescents sampled in Northern, Central and Southern Italy. Our qualitative analysis is based on constructivism and aims to enhance narratives by privileging the communication of meanings elaborated by the young people. Consistent with this perspective is our choice of the paradigm of pedagogical personalism, which places the human being as a ‘person’ at the center of reflection. The diverse universe of youth manifests multifaceted aspects that it is possible to bring out using interaction with deliberative, open, and non-pre-conceptual discussion. The link between semantic cores such as democracy, freedom, rights, interculturalism, and citizenship runs through the analyses of the entire research (based on the study by Ross’s work in 2019, Finding Political Identities: Young People in a Changing Europe), examined here specifically in the Italian context. The article presents some contrasting aspects of the way young people living in Europe. They harbor uncertainties and discontinuities from the universe of values inherited from previous generations. However, from the tunnel of doubt young people show that they know how to emerge by outlining the forms of a promise of social commitment containing a hope for change, defined as the design of a future in which alternatives to the current situation can be found. In the background, the theme of democracy shows as an aspiration for something still struggling to be born.

Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, yet many of their impacts on human populations are not well understood. We examine the relationship between prior extreme weather events and food environment characteristics. To do so, we conduct a U.S. county-level analysis that assesses the association between extreme weather events and two common food retail environment dimensions. Overall, we find a relationship between higher levels of historic extreme weather exposure and lower food availability and accessibility. In addition, we find heterogeneity in association across the distribution of the number of extreme weather events and event type. Specifically, we find that more localized extreme weather events are more associated with a reduction of access and availability than broad geographic events. Our findings suggest that as extreme weather events amplify in intensity and increase in frequency, new approaches for mitigating less acute and longer-term impacts are needed to address how extreme weather may interact with and reinforce existing disparities in food environment factors. Furthermore, our research argues that integrated approaches to improving vulnerable food retail environments will become an important component of extreme weather planning and should be a consideration in both disaster- and food-related policy.

Background and purposeAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a fearful complication of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Aims of this study were to compare clinical/radiological characteristics, endothelial and coagulation dysfunction between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with and without COVID-19 and to investigate if and how the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) was implicated in triggering platelet activation.MethodsWe enrolled AIS patients with COVID-19 within 12 h from onset and compared them with an age- and sex-matched cohort of AIS controls without COVID-19. Neuroimaging studies were performed within 24 h. Blood samples were collected in a subset of 10 patients.ResultsOf 39 AIS patients, 22 had COVID-19 and 17 did not. Admission levels of Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor antigen were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients and positively correlated with the infarct volume. In multivariate linear regression analyses, COVID-19 was an independent predictor of infarct volume (B 20.318, Beta 0.576, 95%CI 6.077–34.559; p = 0.011). SP was found in serum of 2 of the 10 examined COVID-19 patients. Platelets from healthy donors showed a similar degree of procoagulant activation induced by COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients' sera. The anti-SP and anti-FcγRIIA blocking antibodies had no effect in modulating platelet activity in both groups.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection seems to play a major role in endothelium activation and infarct volume extension during AIS.

The return to school was as traumatic for the school as being at home forced by the pandemic emergency. The inability to adapt immediately to change whether in the case of preventing contagion or in the case of resuming the rhythm of daily life abruptly thrown back into the vortex of the schedules that punctuate our existence, demonstrates the human person's need to know and master events. There is in fact a clear gap between the change brought about by norms and the internalization of the sense of change itself. The freedom in which a person's autonomy is expressed clashes with the need to accommodate what is indispensable to civil coexistence. The continuous process of adaptation to events moves toward finding that balance which, although, temporary, remains indispensable for the reorganization of the school into new forms. Among the choices of greatest interest, outdoor education presents itself as the paradigm of a desired and expected innovation capable of opening the school to the world to know how to handle emergency and everyday life.

The mortality of university students requires actions in order to contrast this phenomenon and increase the attractiveness of the higher study. Pedagogy is one of the subject under siege in the sense that a considerable number of students tend to avoid or postpone the exam. After an empirical study conducted in 2006, contents and methodology of teaching were changed with the intend to meet the cultural expectations of the students. The article is critical report of this new experience of teaching in that subject in the context of university education of teachers. The main purpose is to demonstrate why and how the permanent and positive communication between teacher and students is the most important factor to implement the right to study and to divulgate knowledge. The structure of the teaching and learning process includes study of classics and scientific research with the aim to link theory and praxis. Conclusion underlines the urgency of modernisation of teaching as pivotal to lead young people to be responsible persons in the design of their future, in tune with the most recent European recommendations.

Vaccination is an effective strategy in suppressing COVID-19 pandemic, but rare adverse effects have been reported, including cerebral venous thrombosis. Here the authors report two cases of middle cerebral artery infarct within 9-10 days following ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination that also manifest pulmonary and portal vein thrombosis.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes acute respiratory insufficiency with severe interstitial pneumonia and extrapulmonary complications; in particular, it may predispose to thromboembolic disease. The reported incidence of thromboembolic complications varies from 5 to 30% of cases. Aim We conducted a multicenter, Italian, retrospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ordinary wards, to describe the clinical characteristics of patients at admission and bleeding and thrombotic events occurring during the hospital stay. Results The number of hospitalized patients included in the START-COVID-19 Register was 1,135, and the number of hospitalized patients in ordinary wards included in the study was 1,091, with 653 (59.9%) being males and 71 years (interquartile range 59–82 years) being the median age. During the observation, two (0.2%) patients had acute coronary syndrome episodes and one patient (0.1%) had an ischemic stroke; no other arterial thrombotic events were recorded. Fifty-nine patients had symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) (5.4%) events, 18 (30.5%) deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 39 (66.1%) pulmonary embolism (PE), and 2 (3.4%) DVT+PE. Among patients with DVT, eight (44.4%) were isolated distal DVT and two cases were jugular thrombosis. Among patients with PE, seven (17.9%) events were limited to subsegmental arteries. No fatal PE was recorded. Major bleeding events occurred in nine (1.2%) patients and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in nine (1.2%) patients. All bleeding events occurred among patients receiving thromboprophylaxis, more frequently when treated with subtherapeutic or therapeutic dosages. Conclusion Our findings confirm that patients admitted to ordinary wards for COVID-19 infection are at high risk for thromboembolic events. VTE recorded among these patients is mainly isolated PE, suggesting a peculiar characteristic of VTE in these patients.