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Objective: This study seeks to assess rheumatology fellows' (RFs') and program directors' (PDs') interests in different educational tools and methods and to facilitate curriculum development for reproductive health related to rheumatic disease., Methods: Constructs were conceptualized in four dimensions: 1) RF and PD confidence in their current curriculum relating to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Reproductive Health Guidelines (RHGs), 2) personal interest in this topic, 3) opinions of the importance of this topic, and 4) interest in a range of learning materials and educational experiences. The final survey was distributed to 753 RFs and 179 PDs in the United States using the ACR Committee on Training and Workforce email list., Results: Response rates were 13% (n = 98) for RFs and 25% (n = 44) for PDs. Both groups indicated more interest in the topic than confidence in their curriculum and rated summary sheets, question banks, didactics, and online modules higher than nine other educational tools or methods. Despite interest in the topic, 38% of RF respondents and 24% of PD respondents were unaware of the recently published ACR RHGs., Conclusion: RFs and PDs consider reproductive health very important and report high personal interest in this topic. In contrast, both groups indicated lower confidence in current curricula, and substantial proportions of both groups were unaware of recently published guidelines. RFs' and PDs' interests in specific educational modalities are aligned. Curriculum development efforts should prioritize summary sheets, question banks, didactics, and online modules. Efforts are needed to address the educational needs of practicing rheumatologists and other professionals caring for patients with rheumatic disease., (© 2023 American College of Rheumatology. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

Risky sexual behaviors contribute to increased risk of adolescent pregnancy. This qualitative study sought to understand risks and protective factors against pregnancy amongst sexually-active adolescents in Soweto, South Africa. We used purposive sampling to recruit women at age 24 years from Soweto, who self-reported having sexual debut by age 15 years. Twenty women were recruited: (i) women who did not become pregnant before 18 years (n = 10) and (ii) women who became pregnant before 18 years (n = 10). In-depth interviews were conducted to understand their family backgrounds, conversations about sex, sexual behaviors, and initiatives taken (or not) during adolescence to prevent pregnancy. Both groups of women reported predisposing risks to early pregnancy including influence from peers to engage in early sex, unstable family relationships and limited conversations about sex. We found that the family is a key institution in supporting adolescents' decisions regarding their behaviors and choices, as are peers and exposures to information. Community Youth Centers, high schools and Youth Friendly Health Services should ensure that adolescents have access to relevant information, including sex education and contraceptives., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2021 Bosire et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)