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Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the protective potential of ethyl acetate fractions of Persea americana (PA) seed and Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) leaf binary combinations against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Methodology: Fifty (50) male Wistar rats were used in this study; they were assigned into 10 groups of five animals each and respective groups received a standard rat diet and drinking water ad libitum. The groups were group 1 (normal control group (NC)), group 2 (ulcer control (UC)), group 3 (Omeprazole, 20mgkg-1 (OMEP)), group 4 (PA) and group 5 (BP). Groups receiving binary combinations were group 6 (PA + BP, 1:1), group 7 (PA + BP, 1:2), group 8 (PA + BP, 1:3), group 9 (PA + BP, 2:1), group 10 (PA + BP, 3:1) each group was pre-treated with 400 mgKg-1 body weight/day of respective fraction or binary mixture by intubation for 21 days. On the 22nd day after overnight fasting, a gastric ulcer was induced with indomethacin (30mg/kg body weight) by intubation in a single dose. Ulcer markers and histopathology of stomach tissues were measured using standard methods. Results: The present study revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the plants PA seeds and BP leaf showed potent gastric tissue protective effects. Analysis of gastric changes indicated a significant (P PA+BP (3:1) > PA+BP (2:1) > PA+BP (1:1), > PA+BP (1:2) > PA+BP (1:3) > PA > BP. The observed ulcero-protective effect of the binary combinations of P. americana seed and B. pinnatum leaf may be attributed to the synergy of the phytochemicals contained in the fractions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that P. americana and B. pinnatum ethyl acetate fraction combination favorably protect against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal oxidative damage, reducing ulcer index, gastric acid output, gastric mucus content and pepsin activity. The ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer formation in indomethacin gastric ulcer model.

The joint effect of cadmium, chromium and lead on the liver of albino rats exposed to them simultaneously was investigated in this study. Seventy (70) male albino rats (Wistar rats) were used in the study. Specified doses of 5, 10, and 20mg/kg body weight respectively, of these metals were administered by gavage thrice weekly to 60 albino rats and 10 albino rats were used as control. There were four treatment groups Cd, Cr, Pb and Cd+Cr+Pb (i.e. Cd alone, Cr alone, Pb alone and Cd, Cr, Pb combined) per dose with five animals per treatment group. Body weights (BW) of the rats were measured weekly before treatment. The treatments were for 90 days, and salt solutions of the metals (i.e. CdSO4, K2Cr2O7, and Pb(NO3)2) were used while the control received only distilled water. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days and blood samples were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin. Histopathological evaluation of liver was also done. Results of combined treatment showed hormetic response with regard to ALT, AST and total bilirubin as they were elevated in the low dose but decreased with high dose. This phenomenon was also observed in Cr individual treatment. The results also showed that LDH activity in the combined treatment group increased with increasing dose but was not significantly different from that of the most hazardous metal in the individual treatments. Histopathological evaluation showed tissue injury in liver in the 20mg/kg combined and individual treatment groups only. Conclusively, the results suggested that there was no significant health risk posed to the liver by simultaneous exposure to the metals beyond the risk already posed by the most hazardous individual metal for the endpoint of interest. Interactions where they occurred were predominantly less-than-additive. Keywords: Liver, cadmium, chromium, lead, combined, treatment, hormetic, histopathological, interaction. Title: Biochemical and histopathological studies of hepatic effect of mixture of cadmium, chromium and lead in albino rats Author: KENNEDY OSOH, ALOYSIUS C. ENE, CHINWE S. ALISI, LINUS A. NWAOGU, CHRISTIAN O. NWEKE International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) ISSN 2350-1049 Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023 Page No: 24-31 Paper Publications Website: www.paperpublications.org Published Date: 23-May-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961629 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Biochemical%20and%20histopathological-23052023-3.pdf, International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS), ISSN 2350-1049, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.org