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Objective To investigate the effect of supplementing Qi and clearing collaterals. promoting blood circulation and eliminating phlegm in patients with coronary heart disease and arrhythmia. Methods A total of 100 patients with arrhythmia in Nanyang First People's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2020 were selected. The patients were divided into the study group and the control group (50 cases/group) by randomly number table method. The control group was treated with metoprolol sustained-release tablets, while the study group was treated with metoprolol sustained-release tablets combined with Chinese herbal decoction for invigorating Qi and dredging collaterals, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm. The clinical efficacy clinical signs and medication safety of the two groups were evaluated. Results The total effective rate of patients in the study group [96.00% (48/50)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [82.00% (41/50)]. After treatment, the frequency of ischaemic episodes [(2.02±0.21) times/d], brain natriuretic peptide level [(86.35±35.14) µg/mL], ventricular preterm systole frequency [(461.38±81.21) times/d], and atrial preterm systole frequency [(473.82±93.14) times/d] were significantly lower than those of the control group at the end of the treatment [(4.21±1.25) times/d, (156.08±38.24) µg/mL. (579.26± 76.12) times/d, and (559.68±99.42) times/d, respectively, and the duration of ischaemia (8.63±1.32) min/d] was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(14.52±2.06) min/d], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse drug reactions [10.00% (5/50)] compared with the control group [8.00% (4/50)], the difference was not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusion The application of traditional Chinese medicine decoctions for tonifying Qi and unblocking collaterals, promo- ting blood circulation and resolving phlegm in the treatment of coronary heart disease and arrhythmia has a definite effect, can improve clinical efficacy, improve clinical signs, and have good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy in systematic evaluations. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering the period from January 2013 to July 2023. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted within the past decade that investigated the use of TCM decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy. The control group received western medicine treatment, while the intervention group received TCM decoction in addition to the conventional treatment. Endnote and Excel were employed for literature management and data organization, and Revman 5.3 and Stata 16 software were used for the analyses. Results: 66 RCTs involving 6,951 participants were included in this study. The clinical efficacy of TCM decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy was found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (OR= 3.12, 95%CI [2.70, 3.60], I2=0%, p < 0.00001). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the intervention group and the control group (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.60, 1.48], I2=0%, p = 0.94). According to the secondary outcomes of renal function and blood glucose indicators, the intervention group showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to the control group. The most frequently used TCM categories were tonifying medicine, blood-activating medicine, astringent medicine, diuretic medicine, heat-clearing medicine, and laxative medicine. Among them, the top five frequently used Chinese medicine were Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali mongholici radix](58 times), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Radix et rhizoma salviae miltiorrhizae] (42 times), Dioscorea oppositifolia L. [Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreae rhizoma] (38 times), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf [Polyporaceae; Poria] (38 times), and Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. [Cornaceae; Corni fructus] (35 times). Conclusion: The combined use of TCM decoction with western medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy can enhance clinical effectiveness and 2 This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article achieve superior therapeutic effects in comparison to western medicine alone, without significant risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sijunzi Decoction is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, and it is a classic formula for treating spleen deficiency syndrome in Chinese medicine. Clarifying the active substances is an effective way to develop Traditional Chinese medicine and innovative medicines. Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and inorganic elements in the decoction were analyzed by multiple approaches. A molecular network was also used for visualizing the ingredients in Sijunzi Decoction, and representative components were also quantified. The detected components accounted for 74.544% of the Sijunzi Decoction freeze‐dried powder, including 41.751% crude polysaccharides, 17.826% sugars (degree of polymerization 1–2), 8.181% total saponins, 2.427% insoluble precipitates, 2.154% free amino acids, 1.177% total flavonoids, 0.546% total phenolic acids, and 0.483% inorganic elements. Molecular network and quantitative analysis used to characterize the chemical composition of Sijunzi Decoction. The present study systematically characterized the constituents of Sijunzi Decoction, revealed the composition ratio of each type of constituent, and provided a reference for study on the substance basis of other Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Xian-ling-lian-xia-fang (XLLXF), a Chinese medicine decoction, is widely used in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanism of XLLXF in TNBC treatment has not been totally elucidated. Methods Here, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of TNBC. Then, biological experiments were integrated to verify the results of network pharmacology. Results Network pharmacology showed that the candidate active ingredients mainly included quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol through the “XLLXF–active ingredients–targets” network. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 were the potential therapeutic targets obtained through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Molecular docking confirmed that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol could stably combine with VEGFA and MMP2. Experimental verification showed that XLLXF could inhibit proliferation, colony ability, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and promote cell apoptosis in TNBC. Laser confocal microscopy found that XLLXF impaired F-actin cytoskeleton organization and inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition. Animal experiments also found that XLLXF could inhibit tumor growth and VM formation in TNBC xenograft model. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed that XLLXF inhibited the protein expression of VEGFA, MMP2, MMP9, Vimentin, VE-cadherin, and Twist1 and increased that of E-cadherin, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-3 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Integrating the analysis of network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that XLLXF could inhibit VM formation via downregulating the VEGF/MMPs signaling pathway.

Background: Xian-ling-lian-xia-fang (XLLXF), a Chinese medicine decoction, is widely used in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanism of XLLXF in TNBC treatment has not been totally elucidated. Methods: Here, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of TNBC. Then, biological experiments were integrated to verify the results of network pharmacology. Results: Network pharmacology showed that the candidate active ingredients mainly included quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol through the "XLLXF–active ingredients–targets" network. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 were the potential therapeutic targets obtained through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Molecular docking confirmed that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol could stably combine with VEGFA and MMP2. Experimental verification showed that XLLXF could inhibit proliferation, colony ability, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and promote cell apoptosis in TNBC. Laser confocal microscopy found that XLLXF impaired F-actin cytoskeleton organization and inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition. Animal experiments also found that XLLXF could inhibit tumor growth and VM formation in TNBC xenograft model. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed that XLLXF inhibited the protein expression of VEGFA, MMP2, MMP9, Vimentin, VE-cadherin, and Twist1 and increased that of E-cadherin, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-3 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Integrating the analysis of network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that XLLXF could inhibit VM formation via downregulating the VEGF/MMPs signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Developing adjuvant therapies which could prevent the virus from binding to cells may impair viral infection. This study produces a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Jing Guan Fang (JGF), based on ancient medical texts, and examines the efficacy and the mechanism by which JGF prevents viral infections. JGF reduces COVID-19 like symptoms. Functional studies show that JGF inhibits the formation of syncytium and reduces the formation of viral plaque. JGF is not toxic in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, JGF induces lysosomal-dependent ACE2 degradation and suppresses mRNA and the protein levels of TMPRSS2 in human lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. Mice that inhale JGF exhibit reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein levels in lung tissues. Together, these findings suggest that JGF may improve the COVID-19 like symptoms and inhibit viral infection. Moreover, JGF may be applicable as an adjuvant preventive strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to the use of vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Developing adjuvant therapies which could prevent the virus from binding to cells may impair viral infection. This study produces a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Jing Guan Fang (JGF), based on ancient medical texts, and examines the efficacy and the mechanism by which JGF prevents viral infections. JGF reduces COVID-19 like symptoms. Functional studies show that JGF inhibits the formation of syncytium and reduces the formation of viral plaque. JGF is not toxic in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, JGF induces lysosomal-dependent ACE2 degradation and suppresses mRNA and the protein levels of TMPRSS2 in human lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. Mice that inhale JGF exhibit reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein levels in lung tissues. Together, these findings suggest that JGF may improve the COVID-19 like symptoms and inhibit viral infection. Moreover, JGF may be applicable as an adjuvant preventive strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to the use of vaccines.

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Abstract: Brain interstitial fluid (BIF) is a biological matrix of cerebral neurons. The medicine composition that is permeated into the brain and the endogenous substances released into synaptic space are available in BIF, which make it an ideal vehicle for research on drug targeting and an efficacious mechanism of neuroprotective medicine. Based on the microdialysis sampling technique, BIF can be used in not only in vivo studies but also in vitro experiments. On the basis of serum pharmacology, the concept of BIF pharmacology was proposed by our team. This article also discusses the feasibility and advantages of BIF pharmacology application in Chinese medicine prescription. This new mode of study serves as a creative attempt of facilitating the international orientation of Chinese medicine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Exposure to high temperatures during the summer renders pigs susceptible to severe heat stress. Our previous studies found that pig small intestine epithelial tissue became significantly damaged following exposure to heat stress, negatively affecting body weight gain. The deleterious effects of heat stress could be ameliorated using a traditional Chinese medicine decoction (CMD), sustaining normal growth while under heat stress. In the current study, we hypothesized the mechanism of CMD activity to be via regulation of gut hormones (NPY, MLN, SCT and GCG) secretion from endocrine cells, which are responsible for nutrient digestion and absorption. To test this, 36 Chinese experimental mini-pigs (2months of age) were screened according to weight and litter origin, and divided into three treatment groups: control (23°C for 24h+standard feed), heat stress (HS; 26°C for 19h, 40°C for 5h+standard feed) and CMD (26°C for 19h, 40°C for 5h+standard feed supplemented with CMD); n=12 per group. Feed intake and body weight gain were measured daily. Pigs were euthanized at days 1 and 6 after initial treatment with blood and sections of small intestine epithelial tissue collected. Serum cortisol (Cor) concentrations were determined using RIA. Endocrine cell number and structural analysis were performed using silver staining, and gut hormone secretion examined by microarray. Dietary supplementation with CMD significantly improved porcine growth performance (P <0.05), decreased the Cor levels (P <0.01), increased endocrine cell number as well as up-regulating neuropeptide Y (NPY), motilin (MLN) and secretin (SCT) and down-regulating glucagon (GCG) expression in pig jejunum on day 6 when compared with the HS group. Taken together, our results indicate CMD supplementation can significantly reduce the negative effects of heat stress on pig jejunum, maintaining growth performance similar to non-heat stressed animals. CMD''s activity appears to be via adjusting gut hormone secretion to regulate metabolism and improve animal growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ethnopharmacological relevance. Tian-Xian liquid (TXL), a commercially available Chinese medicine decoction, has been used as an anticancer dietary agent for more than 10 years without reported side effects. Aim of the study. The safety and quality consistency of TXL and its mechanisms of action on antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and reversion of multidrug resistance (MDR) regimens were explored. Materials and methods. In this study, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were used to evaluate the main toxic elements and the quality consistency among different batches of TXL extracts, respectively. HT29 human colon cancer cell line and tumor-bearing nude mice were used. TXL was provided by China-Japan Feida Union Company Limited. The effect of TXL on in vitro proliferation of HT29 human colon cancer cell line was examined. The percentages of treated cells distributed in different phases of the cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Antiproliferative effect after treatment with TXL was assessed by determination of the protein levels of p21, cyclinD1, PCNA, and cdk-2, which are the key regulators for cell cycle progression. Meanwhile, the protein levels of MMP-1 and MDR-1 (multidrug resistance protein-1) were also determined to assess the effect of TXL on antimetastasis and reversion of MDR regimen, respectively. Results. The contents of main toxic elements were lower in TXL extract compared with the standard set by the Department of Health of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Our HPLC results showed that the relative standard deviations of the amount of the 5 standards were less than 5% in different batches of TXL. Immunoblotting analysis revealed a dramatic induction of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 as well as an inhibition of cyclinD1, PCNA, and cdk-2 in the TXL-treated in vitro models, thereby, impeding cell progression from G1/S phase. Results obtained from the in vivo study also demonstrated that TXL upregulated the protein level of p21 and downregulated the protein levels of MMP-1 and MDR-1. Conclusions. Results obtained from the present investigation not only demonstrate the safety and quality of TXL extract but also demonstrate that TXL possesses antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities and brings about reversion of MDR on HT29 cell and on xenografted tissue in tumor-implanted nude mice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature stressor on porcine growth performance, small intestinal absorption and SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expressions, and probe the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine decoction (CMD) on them. Forty-eight 2-month-old Chinese experimental pigs were screened according to weight and litter origin, and then allotted to three groups and treated as follows: normal temperature Control group (Control; 23°C), high temperature stressor group (HS; 26°C for 19h, 40°C for 5h); Chinese medicine decoction anti-stress group (CMD; 26°C for 19h, 40°C for 5h) (n =16 per group). Porcine average dairy feed intake (ADFI), average dairy gain (ADG) and feed:gain ratio (F:G) were examined, and their intestinal disaccharidase activity and xylose absorption were investigated on days 1, 3, 6 and 10 of trial. A method of real-time PCR was applied to determine SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expressions in the small intestine. The results showed that high temperature treatment decreased (p <0.05) the growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption but there was no change (p >0.05) in the expressions of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the small intestine compared with the Control. Dietary supplementation with CMD improved porcine growth performance (p <0.05), as well as increased total disaccharidase activity and xylose absorption in the small intestine of heat stressed pigs on days 3 and 6 (p <0.05). CMD treatment up-regulated SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expressions of pigs on day 6 compared to the HS and Control groups (p <0.05). These results indicated that high temperature stressor decreased porcine growth performance and intestinal absorption of pigs, and CMD treatment improved the growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption of heat stressed pigs by up-regulating SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expressions in the small intestine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Authors discuss the rationality of preparing medicinal herbs together in a traditional manner, using Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) as an example, in an attempt to demonstrate the specific requirements for preparing the two herbs together to achieve the full chemical and biological activity. The mixed preparation enhances the solubility of chemicals, immune activity, blood effects, estrogenic activity, and osteoprotective effects. These effects are missing in the extracts derived from a single herb. Furthermore, the interactions between decoction components create a special activity especially appreciated in Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]