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This book provides a unique history of the Porcelain Road against the backdrop of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges. Written by one of China's most influential scholars, it introduces the history of Chinese Porcelain, especially the history of the imperial porcelain kiln, taking the most representative porcelain of each period as examples, and examining relevant historical background. Studying artifacts from well-known collections such as the Palace Museum, Taipei Palace Museum, Shenyang Palace Museum, Nanjing Museum, this text offers a unique discussion of China's porcelain culture and history, and will be of relevance to all those interested in one of the key aspects of Chinese culture and cultural exchanges between East and West.

This book starts from the very beginning of the cultural exchanges between China and the western regions, to the exchanges in modern times, featuring large time span and interdisciplinarity. In addition to elaborate illustrations including precious pictures and sketch maps, a large amount of archaeological data, as well as both Chinese and foreign literature, are employed in the book to provide the readers with a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic introduction of the cultural exchanges between China and the west regions from neolithic age to present China after Reform and Opening Up. The intended readership includes professionals, college students, graduates specializing in Chinese history, philosophy and culture, as well as those interested in oriental civilizations.

This book unravels the intricate tapestry of Chinese state-society and government-citizen interactions in both legal historical and contemporary contexts. Set against the backdrop of China's meteoric rise as a global economic and political powerhouse, it presents a comprehensive and nuanced exploration of China's governance norms and their transformative evolution in the modern and contemporary eras. The book analyses China's multifaceted governance landscape, including its profound influence on the dynamics of government-citizen interactions in contemporary China. By introducing the concept of “juridification”, it demystifies the complexities of Chinese governance traditions and transitions. At its core, the book reveals how legislative, administrative and judicial authorities address the collective grievances of Chinese citizens. Through a combination of historical, legal and sociological analyses, it equips readers with an understanding of the formal and practical mechanisms used by Chinese authorities, spanning from the 1980s to the present, to address mass actions. In addition, the book assesses an underexplored aspect: the changing narratives and diverse perspectives found in news coverage of government responses to mass actions, shedding light on the socialisation of principles of public accountability and the safeguarding of civil rights in China. The book is intended to make the topic accessible to both scholars and an interested global audience, helping them understand the Chinese legal governance model, its underlying rationale, recent developments and social implications.

This book examines the impact of shipbuilding on the society of the Song Dynasty from multiple perspectives and points out the positive contribution of ancient manufacture industry to social development at that time. It explores some virgin territories and presents strong originality, such as the inland navigation methods in the Song Dynasty, the system of gods and goddesses in the aquatic world, and the defense system of the Yangtze River and the sea in the Southern Song Dynasty. It includes the markets in the coastal areas, the perception and imagery of the sea, the maritime disasters and rescues, the river courses and sea warfare, and the management of private ships in the Song Dynasty. On top of that, it provides fresh analysis and new perspectives on some issues that have been studied, such as Lisheng, shapes and sizes of ships, and vehicles and ships in the Song Dynasty.

This book is a study of comparative social and political theory, examining how Hayek's classical liberalism has been influencing the development of Chinese liberalism since 1949. While both Chinese liberalism and the thought of Hayek can each be studied in its own right, this is the first systematic study on how Hayek's ideas have helped post-war Chinese liberals enrich their social and political theory in the pursuit of freedom and in formulating theoretical responses to the challenges of modernity in China. This book examines and identifies those central theoretical tenets of Hayek that are most inspiring to the post-war Chinese liberals in their efforts in developing a more robust and profound understanding of freedom in the Chinese context. It argues that the new post-war understanding of Chinese liberalism has superseded the social democratic understanding that was widely adopted by pre-war Chinese liberals. These theoretical/Hayekian tenets include: the critique of totalitarianism and scientism, the idea of the free market, the insights inherited from the Scottish Enlightenment to counter the excess of Cartesian Rationalism, the thesis of the concurrent evolution of culture and mind, and the central importance of the rule of law in defending individual freedom. This book aims to help political theorists and historians of comparative political thought both in the East and in the West better understand the intellectual issues involved and explore further research endeavours in the same area.

Ancient Salt Roads of China is the most comprehensive book to date on the transportation routes of the ancient Chinese salt industry and offers complete coverage of extant research on the spread of the salt industry culture. It reconstructs the distribution of the salt industry and salt economy in nine salt districts and four regions (north, east, west and south) in ancient China, and analyzes the distribution of their respective salt transportation routes, covering the geographical scope of China's 18 provinces and four municipalities directly under the Central Government. Working from this basis, it then comprehensively applies research methods from various disciplines such as architecture, history, and sociology to explore how regional culture penetrates through salt as a medium, the relationship between the outside and the inside of salt communication, and the scope of salt transportation in connection with cultural boundaries. The book offers a wealth of novel perspectives, innovative methods, and sound conclusions.

This book provides a comprehensive study of land property rights and transaction systems in late imperial China, specifically during the period of 1560 – 1950. The book introduces the work of two key scholars working in Chinese economic history and land property history, synthesizing existing research with important new findings.The book traces the evolving nature of Chinese land property rights over time, discussing changing influences and contexts. It discusses the traditional role of small individual family farms and how these differed from the manor economy of early modern Europe, leading to a substantial middle class of peasant farmers with relative economic and social stability, as well as how this has uniquely shaped Chinese economic development in the long run. Chapters explore the different ways that private, corporate and state/publicly owned land co-existed in China during this period, with an in-depth examination of the impact of dian (conditional sale)and huomai (revocable sale) customs on the protection of smallholders in the face of advancing agricultural, technological and political reforms. The book also discusses the diversity of types of land transactions including sales, rent deposits, tenancies, and mortgages and how these changed in different dynasties, as well as the economic and political implications of the globalizing 20th-century and growth of the free market for Chinese property. Combining a long run perspective with highly detailed analysis of Chinese property customs, this book will be a valuable resource for economic historians, researchers of agricultural history, and those interested in the history of China.

This book explores first-hand Dunhuang manuscripts from a period of over 700 years, from 220 to 960, and as such makes a major contribution to passing on and promoting ancient Chinese culture. Perfectly combining four ingredients: an accessible writing style; a comprehensive set of typical examples and pictures; sound field research and culturally stimulating approaches; and authentically archaeological and philological results, this thorough and engaging book appeals to all the readers undertaking Dunhuang studies.

This book involves collection of papers primarily focused on the origin and development of Chinese civilization in the concept of archaeological context from the 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE through archaeological cultural perspectives. It systematically illustrates the prehistoric cultural history of China at the period from Neolithic to the early Bronze Age during 20000-1300 BCE, composing not only the proper region around the Central Plain but also the margin areas mainly in the west, and examines the cultural relationship and exchanges nationally and internationally through thousand years of advancing social complexity in geographical and temporal genealogies. It introduces three prehistoric stages for the course of Chinese Civilization Development; the three major Civilization Development Models during the Chalcolithic period; how environmental changes and warfare functioned as the part of mechanism to make civilization evolve; the Bronze Age Revolution from the West; and the critical evaluation of the characteristics belonging to Chinese Civilization and the review of ancient legendary histories and legends through the archaeological perspectives. This book is essential reading for all those wanting more information about the foundations of Chinese history and civilization through archaeological studies.

This book deeply examines the definition, formation, translation purpose, stylistic features, and modernity connotation of Liang's “unfettered translation.” The book on Liang Qichao and his “unfettered translation” is the first of its kind in academia. This translation strategy, first adopted by Liang, played a crucial role in introducing Western learning and influencing late Qing Dynasty translators. Reflecting Liang's political agenda, it aims to save the country and enlighten the people, promoting societal modernization and cultural exchange. The book offers Western readers insights into Liang Qichao's translation and its impact on modern Chinese culture.

What did Mao Zedong bring to China? Mao Zedong, a rare leader who is still regarded as a great hero on the Chinese continent, despite the large number of victims caused by the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. He called himself'Qin Shi Huang （First Emperor of Qin）plus Marx'. It can be said that he is an entity that combines the power of the emperor and the authority of Marx into one person. This book analyzes the features of Mao Zedong's thought and philosophy, his understanding of Marxism and class struggle, in particular, his peculiar attitude toward intellectuals, his actions leading to the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which he initiated and involved the entire nation, as well as the analysis of the mechanisms that caused such catastrophes and tragedies. Finally, through these analyses, this book attempts to evaluate Mao Zedong with diverse personalities and his behavior, positive and negative, whether in political, social, economic, or philosophical areas.

This book presents an original explanation of the stark contrast between two very different Chinese foreign policy patterns. On the one hand, there is Beijing's hard power actorness related, among others, to territorial disputes and ‘wolf warrior'intimidating maneuvers. On the other hand, there are China's peaceful and cooperative actions, well-illustrated by the Belt and Road Initiative. This book shows that this situation is best understood as a consequence of the coexistence of two different Chinese identities respectively associated with the concepts of nineteenth-century-style territorial empire, and twenty-first-century-style postmodern global power. The book contends that in China's case, they form a virtuous circle—characterized by a specific division of labor—as both identities are instrumental to the construction of a new, Chinese-led international order. The book provides a detailed analysis of the genesis, development, features, and interplay of these identities. It is relevant to scholars in China studies, political history, contemporary politics, and foreign policy.

This book reveals how the Chinese Party-State uses'ideo-political education'to inculcate young citizens with official narratives on law. It provides an account of China's version of'rule of law'under the Yifa Zhiguo paradigm, arguing that authorities see law as a tool to apply when convenient and ignore when it impedes Party-State goals. Moving beyond the question of whether China's system can count as a rule of law order, this book identifies three consistent features of Chinese law reform since the Opening and Reform era began: the supremacy of the Communist Party of China over the law, instrumentalism, and reform-repression dualism. This book uniquely combines the'what'with the'how'of China's'rule of law'efforts. China law researchers will benefit from understanding how China's young adults learn about official law narratives. A more general audience interested in China's legal and political system will gain valuable insights from the analysis of China's'rule of law.'The growing tensions between China and the West mean that now, more than ever, scholars and policymakers need to properly understand China. Understanding what Chinese officials mean when they talk about the rule of law in China helps avoid policy errors made from mistakenly assuming that Western definitions are universal. The contents of this book can also inform government and university efforts to properly accommodate Chinese students in the West while mitigating harmful manifestations of the nationalist ideology, in part implanted by ideo-political education.

This book provides a historical analysis of the avant-garde art movement in China in the 1980s. This art movement is the product of China's reform and opening up, during which time a small number of Chinese artists understood the western modernist art movement, and they started their avant-garde art experiment in combination with the actual situation of China. This avant-garde art experiment completely broke all the artistic styles in Chinese history, and it caused a huge shock. After about a decade of radical attempts, it began to form its own position in China. This book discusses its birth background, its dominant artists and works, its theme and interest, and its final decline. This is not only a work of art history, but also a work of cultural history with strong sociological analysis. This book is beautiful in writing, detailed in analysis and highly readable. It is a very suitable book for those who want to know avant-garde art and Chinese since the 1980s.

This book tracks the entire history of Chinese civilization from a broad historical view. Its narrative spans a long period between primitive society and contemporary civilization, which makes it a unique academic works.From an academic point of view, this book is accurate in history and combines historical theories. Although brief, it captures the main thrust of the development of Chinese civilization and achieves a broad outline. Important figures, historical events, and achievements of civilization in all times are involved and discussed.From a theoretical point of view, based on the characteristics of early Chinese civilization, the book discusses the connotation of key concepts such as'civilization'and'Chinese civilization', which have certain theoretical value.From a contemporary and practical perspective, the book helps readers understand the history of Chinese civilization and promotes cultural exchanges between China and the world and leads to a better understanding of today's China.

This Open access book is a collection of interviews published by China News Service, a Beijing-based news agency, in its “West-East Talk” column. It has been divided into five sections: “Mutual Learning Among Civilizations,” “Hot Issues,” “About China,” “Sino-U.S. Relations” and “Cultural Collision”. The interviews are with more than 50 eminent scholars, scientists, politicians, authors, etc., from different parts of the world as well as China, who have an association with China and see the real China beyond the stereotypes. Besides current global issues, the book also covers Chinese culture, history as well as China-U.S. relations, described as one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world today. The book aims to build a platform for dialogue among different civilizations and appreciate the “harmony within diversity” of different cultures, especially of the East and West. We hope it will foster tolerance and rationality, dispelling the misconceptions about China inparticular.

This book provides readers with rich context and detailed description leading to new perspectives on major historical events in China. Positioned as a thought leader and highly acclaimed arts professional in China, the author is able to give a historical account of China's twentieth century that is richly informed by its valent fields of political economy and cultural studies. Western readers'knowledge of China's twentieth century remains based on pioneering research of modern scholars such as Fairbank and Jonathan Spence. In recent years, however, it is rare to see a complete history of China spanning the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which also includes the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This book contributes new narrative and perspective to this span of history. Now, as the Sino-US trade conflict makes dramatic impact on a post-COVID global economy, readers have the need for a fresh understanding of how China came to be what it is today. The author's groundbreaking work provides new insight provided by newly uncovered sources explaining how China came to be what it is today from a cultural and sociological perspective, in a historical mode.

This book explores the dissemination of knowledge around Chinese medicinal substances from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries in a global context. The author presents a microhistory of the caterpillar fungus, a natural, medicinal substance initially used by Tibetans no later than the fifteenth century and later assimilated into Chinese materia medica from the eighteenth century onwards. Tracing the transmission of the caterpillar fungus from China to France, Britain, Russia and Japan, the book investigates the tensions that existed between prevailing Chinese knowledge and new European ideas about the caterpillar fungus. Emerging in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Europe, these ideas eventually reached communities of scientists, physicians and other intellectuals in Japan and China. Seeking to examine why the caterpillar fungus engaged the attention of so many scientific communities across the globe, the author offers a transnational perspective on the making of modern Europeannatural history and Chinese materia medica.

This book is a comprehensive academic introduction of the natural conditions and cultural characteristics of the ChangJiang River Basin. Describing in detail the geographical location and natural conditions of the main stream and the tributaries as the starting point, the book compares the ChangJiang River Civilizations to other civilizations of large rivers of the same latitude. This book reveals the gradual deepening of the Chinese understanding the ChangJiang River, introduces the cultural divisions of the river valley, and describes the evolution of the civilizations in the basin. At the end of the book, the author points out that there are many ecological problems in the ChangJiang River valley, for which the Chinese people have taken many measures, such as water pollution control. Fishing in the main stream and important tributaries of the ChangJiang is banned for at least ten years. As a guide to analyze the natural conditions and cultural characteristics of the whole ChangJiang River Basin, this book enables researchers and common readers to have a relatively clear and comprehensive understanding in a relatively short period of time. Putting the ChangJiang River Civilization in the context of the world's civilizations, this book makes it easier for readers to understand the uniqueness of the ChangJiang River Civilization and its contribution to the cultural diversity of the world.

The book is a meticulous work in answering these questions which often occur to foreigners as well as modern Chinese themselves at the thought of the old China and its experience in modern times: What is Chinese civilization? How could it exist for several millennia and spread that far? Is there anything inherent in this civilization?From the standpoint of an “outsider” to this civilization, the author incorporates various elements, such as geographic factors, language, thoughts, with the recurrent themes along the two thousand years and changes throughout, rather than simply following a lineal progression. His historiographical approach, the methodology of eclectic common sense, as he termed it, is a new try in this field and will present a brand new perspective for both readers and researchers in that field.

Tracing the evolution of Chinese Sociology from the late 1970s to the present day, the book aims to record the path of reconstruction, localization, change, and reform of Chinese Sociology through interviews with 40 Chinese top sociologists such as Su Guoxun, Zhou Xiaohong, Bian Yanjie, Zhao Dingxin, Zhou Xueguang et al. Divided into three sections, this insightful book is the best proof of the rapid development and overall improvement of the discipline since the reform and opening-up in China. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the restoration and reconstruction of Chinese Sociology, this book is expected to inspire the younger generation of sociology researchers and deepen public's understanding of sociology.

This open access book explores the past and present of Quanzhou (Zayton) and the rich diversity and tolerance that kindled Quanzhou's innovativeness and helped it prosper both commercially and culturally—values that are today being embraced by China's global trade partners. Quanzhou (Zayton), Marco Polo's port of departure and Columbus'goal in China, was not only the start of the Maritime Silk Road and the Middle Age's greatest port but also centuries ahead of its time in its tolerance and diversity. The fabled “City of Light” had 7 mosques for its 40,000 Muslims, some of whom served in government, as well as 3 Franciscan cathedrals funded in part by the emperor, Jewish synagogues, and centers for Nestorian Christians, Hindus, Taoists, Manicheans, Jains, etc. As Franciscan Bishop Andrew of Perugia wrote in 1322, “Tis a fact that in this vast empire, there are people of every nation under heaven, and every sect, and all and sundry are allowed to live freely according to their creed.” In 2021, UNESCO designated “Quanzhou, Emporium of the World,” as a world heritage site, and the city is now the hub of the Belt and Road Initiative, the 21st Century Silk Road, which was inspired by ancient Quanzhou.

Dieses Buch untersucht die besonderen Beiträge chinesischer Romanautoren zur China-Debatte im Hinblick auf die Schlüsselthemen chinesische Sprache, Machtdynamik und konfuzianische Tradition. Während China auf dem Vormarsch ist, debattieren chinesische Wissenschaftler und politische Entscheidungsträger heftig über Chinas Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Wer sind die Hauptdiskutanten? Wie analysieren sie die Probleme Chinas und wie finden sie Lösungen? Was sind die wichtigsten Errungenschaften und Schwächen der intellektuellen Debatte und des Diskurses in China? Auch chinesische Romanautoren beteiligen sich an der China-Debatte. Ihre Stimmen sind jedoch selten zu hören. In diesem Buch wird die These vertreten, dass chinesische Romanciers durch die Dramatisierung der Vielfalt der Alltagssprachen, der aktiven diskursiven Praktiken und der bezaubernden lokalen Traditionen nicht nur die vorherrschenden liberalen,neulinken und neokonfuzianischen Ideologien illustrieren, sondern die China-Debatte bereichern und einen'neuartigen'Ansatz für unser Verständnis des modernen China bieten.

This book offers the first comprehensive and systematic introduction to the origins and development of China's genealogy, as well as its fundamental role in eugenics, ethics, politics and culture throughout China's history. This book is divided into two parts: chronological research and thematic research. The first part explains the definition, origin, birth, development, transformation, optimization, popularization and contemporary status of China's genealogy, while the second addresses its styles, content, quantity, family names, format and value, illustrations, functions and other related issues. The book, for the first time in China's genealogy, proposes several new concepts and perspectives, such as dividing the history of China's genealogy into seven stages; redefining genealogy; and analyses of the transformation, popularization and value of China's genealogy. Given its scope, the book offers a groundbreaking and authoritative resource for a broad readership.

Focusing on the ancient, medieval, and early-modern eras, this collection considers the beginnings of Sino-Japanese Relations in the Ancient East Asian World, focusing on changes of the East Asian international system. It examines the establishment of the East Asian International Order in the 7th Century and the advance of Sino- Japanese relations in medieval times. It also considers the impact of initial contact with modern Western powers on modernization, and examines the points of rupture which deeply affected both cultures, for China the Opium War, and for Japan it the Black Ships of Commodore Matthew Perry and the Meiji Restoration. Based on research conducted jointly by Chinese and Japanese scholars, this collection provides a unique insight into the development of Chinese and Japanese culture from comparative perspectives, offering an in-depth study of the countries'political, religious and societal structures to deepen objective perception toward history and promote mutualunderstanding in East Asia.

This book presents a panoramic history of the Chinese nation spanning the twentieth century, with the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its central theme. In their unwavering pursuit of national independence, universal emancipation, and a country of power and shared prosperity, the Chinese people undertook an arduous journey that saw China fundamentally transformed by such historic events and experiences as the overthrow of the imperial system in the 1911 Revolution, the founding of the People's Republic of China, reform and opening up, and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Massive in scope, meticulously documented, and rigorously written, this volume has few rivals among general histories of China in the twentieth century.

Based on an extensive literature review, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, and anecdotal evidence, this text examines China's engagement with East Africa (notably Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) and considers these relationships through the lens of history, diplomacy, education, trade, media, cultural exchanges, and infrastructure. It probes the sentiments of pessimism, optimism, and pragmatism to explore perceptions about China in East Africa Africa. China's ancient connection to the East African coast, as well as other incidents of contact in the past, are analyzed from the viewpoint of the deployment of Chinese soft power capital in current times.The book notably examines the significant role China is playing in the construction of new infrastructure and housing throughout East Africa and addresses China's involvement in the natural resources sector and the political debate surrounding the construction of gas and oil pipelines, itsinvestment in the tourism sector, in the news media and information and communication technology sectors as well as in educational and cultural programs.

This book seeks to reconcile the dual forces of war and economic globalization in tracing China's early modernity. For late imperial China, there were two forms of encounter with the West; the guns of invading Europeans, and the ledgers by which trade between China and the West was measured and regulated. Even today, China's reactions to the West oscillate between business-driven openness and military paranoia. In this intellectual tour de force, Bozhong Li, one of China's preeminent intellectual and economic historians, traces the unprecedented transition that led China into the modern world; the book will be of value for economists, historians, and sinophiles alike.

This book invites senior experts and scholars from the fields of Chinese archaeology and history to describe ten influential “national treasure-level” cultural antiquities. Spanning from the Neolithic Age to modernity and with content ranging from the origin of civilizations to the red cultural relics, the book covers cultural antiquities, including: the Clay Figurine, the Painted Pottery Plate with Coiling Long Pattern (from the Neolithic Period), the Turquoise-inlaid and Long-shaped Bronze Object (of the Xia Dynasty), the Ivory Goblet Inlaid with Turquoise (of the Shang Dynasty), the He Zun (Ritual Wine Vessel), the Ox-shaped Zun (Wine Vessel), the Arm Protector with Animal and Clouds (and embroidered with the Chinese characters meaning “five stars appear in the East, which is a sign of Chinese victory over the Qiang”), the Beast-head-shaped Agate Cup (of the Tang Dynasty), the Imperial Gilt Gold Mesh Crown with Two Upright Wings (of the Ming Dynasty), etc. The text features not only scientific rigor but is also enjoyable to read and thought-provoking.

Is the lion the symbol of China? Or should it be the dragon or the phoenix? This book makes a provocative interpretation of the Chinese ancient totems such as the bear and the owl. Taking a mythological approach, it explores the origin of Chinese civilization using the quadruple evidence method, which integrates ancient and unearthed literature, oral transmission, and archeological objects and graphs.It testifies to the authenticity of unresolved ancient myths and legends from the origins of Chinese Jade Ware (6200BC-5400 BC) to the names of the Yellow Emperor (2698–2598 BC) and the legends from the Xia (2010BC-1600BC), Shang (1600BC-046BC), Zhou (1046BC-771BC), and Qin (221BC-206BC) Dynasties. The book lays the foundation for a reconstruction of Chinese Mythistory. With well over 200 photographs of historic artifacts, the book appeals to both researchers and general readers.

This book offers a re-interpretation of the political history of Macau from 1937 to 1945, during which Japan and China were engulfed in the Second World War. Using an array of English and Chinese sources, the author explores the diplomatic and social landscape of war-time Macau under Portuguese colonial rule. By framing this analysis within the concept of Portuguese ‘neutrality', the book builds on the political history of Macau and provides new insights into the role of Japanese collaborators and Communist guerrillas. Seeking to answer important questions such as why Macau was not invaded by Japan in the Second World War, and what role the Nationalist Party Government played during this period, this book presents a new approach to examining Macau's diplomatic history. A unique read for scholars of Chinese history, this book will also appeal to those researching diplomatic and political history during the Second World War.

The China Question: Contestations and Adaptations provides fresh perspectives on, and empirics about, China's international relations through the lens of the local and regional configurations and developments around the world. While China's foreign policy strategies have received much attention, and in particular the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the local contestations and/or adaptations that China provokes in the countries and regions it engages remain under-researched. In this book, a global collection of scholars examines how countries, societies, and individuals around the world are responding to China‘s rise.

This book uses the monographic study of litigation subjects, prosecution, trial, and enforcement to reveal the formation, operation, and development of criminal proceeding conventions in the Tang Dynasty. It also outlines the combination, coordination, and interaction of rules, conventions, and ideas in the traditional Chinese legal system, and presents an overview of the evolution and development of traditional litigation in China. This book is intended mainly for scholars and graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of law and Chinese history.

This volume focuses on Chinese economic statecraft during the first decade of Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening-up policies, from 1978 to 1989. During these years, Chinese economic engagement with the external world was tentative and experimental, with long-term strategies still decidedly under development. Prominent topics covered are China's efforts to steer an economic course tailored to and representing what Deng Xiaoping famously described as “socialism with Chinese characteristics”; China's quest for advanced science and technology; China's dealings with international economic institutions, especially the World Bank; China's engagement with other powers, including Japan, the United States, the ASEAN nations, and Europe; and the role of non-governmental organizations, including foreign policy think tanks, exchange groups, and educational institutions, in developing Chinese economic thinking and methodology during this decade. Contributors alsofocus on how elements of the Chinese military turned to building China's new economic infrastructure, and on Chinese efforts to break into foreign markets. The volume ends with an overview and reassessment of earlier findings on Chinese economic statecraft in these years, by one of the leading Chinese experts on the PRC's international policy.

This book focuses on several specific features characterizing China's economy in the Mao era (1952–1976), and discusses whether and how they are related to the new economic strategy called “reforms and opening-up” under Deng Xiaoping's leadership with the result of the aftermath of well-known rapid growth. It provides the reader with basic knowledge of the continuity and discontinuity between the Mao and Deng eras. Readers are provided with some important clues for thinking about how Maoist China could have contributed to or alternatively prevented today's economic development. The topics addressed here include a brief overview of economic development under Mao, significant differences between Mao and Deng economics, and socialist transformations during the early Mao era. These include collectivization as well as communization and the effects on agricultural productivity; water supply construction drives utilizing a vast amount of rural surplus labor; rural finance; the effects on national savings, and the development of heavy and light industry. Also considered are the effects on the socialist industrialization, rural small-scale industries during the Cultural Revolution and their aftermath, and the realities of social life in a Third-front construction site promoted by Mao's military strategy in the 1960s. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in contemporary China's economy, particularly to scholars and students. The volume gives new insight into the background or preconditions that made possible historically rare miracles of the Chinese economy after Mao.

This manual provides an overview of China's administrative geography, history, and populations of all 31 provinces, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. It focuses primarily on how the provinces came to be, how they were named, as well as their people and populations throughout history. In addition to extensive use of bilingual names (Chinese-English) for specificity, this resource is unique in the datasets contained therein: (1) Up-to-date residential populations of mainland China using the latest decennial (2020) census, and (2) political-administrative registered household (hukou) data based on official numbers provided by People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Public Security showing trends from 2012-2020. Each internally consistent, but differing in their methodologies, whereby the Census (decennial) data provide a snapshot of how many people live in a given location, and the permanent (hukou) registered household data track each individual based on their hometown, household, urban/rural status, and nationality. This book addresses this chasm which, among other issues, points to the phenomenon of China's'floating populations', where millions of Chinese spend much if not all of their time living, working, and studying outside their home provinces. By showing how the Chinese have been populated and their organization throughout history, this manual is the go to place for professionals, practitioners and academics working and interested in China's provinces and populations.

The book examines, linking two key variables – ‘political leadership'and ‘foreign policy'– the role of Deng Xiaoping in China's foreign policy shift after Mao in politico-strategic and economic domains. The book finds out that guided by his own personality, worldview, experience, pragmatism, belief and style Deng attempted to resolve the long-standing domestic and foreign policy issues. Most importantly, Deng moved from the primacy of politics to economic modernisation which resulted in far-reaching changes in China's external engagement. The book's central inquiry is to assess the contemporary relevance of Deng's foreign policy paradigm. It establishes that the relevance of Deng's policy continues in the present context except for China's pro-activeness towards issues pertaining to its territorial integrity and sovereignty. Using China's case, the study advances the framework of understanding pertaining to the role of political leadership in foreign policy.

This book explores how steam engine technology was transferred into nineteenth-century China in the second half of the nineteenth century by focusing on the transmission of knowledge and skills. It takes on the long-term problem in historiography that puts too much emphasis on politics but ignores the techno-scientific and institutional requirements for launching such an endeavor. It examines how translations broke linguistic and conceptual barriers and brought new a understanding of heat to the Chinese readership. It also explores how the Fuzhou Navy Yard's shipbuilding and training program trained China's first generation of shipbuilding workers and engineers. It argues that conservatism against technology was not to blame for China's slow development in steamship building. Rather, it was government officials'failure to realize the scale of institutional and techno-scientific changes required in importing and disperse new knowledge and skills.

This book presents an archeological interpretation of the history of Chinese civilization. Tracing back from recent history to the distant past, it explores the breadth of Chinese civilization. Using archeological remains and cultural relics as starting points and approaching the cultural dimension from material perspectives, it presents a panoramic view of China's civilizational continuity, together with its ideological and cultural characteristics. Featuring a wealth of illustrations (including photos of cultural relics and sites, archeological surveys, etc.) and texts written in easy-to-understand language, it offers an engaging read without sacrificing academic quality. The main components of “civilization” are addressed: capital archeology, mausoleum archeology, ritual wares and architecture archeology, as well as written language. The book offers a unique resource for archeology scholars and majors, as well as general readers who are interested in Chinese archeology and history.

This book consists of studies on China's economic development since China carried out the reform and opening-up strategy, including China's economic restructuring, economic operational mechanism, socialist market economy, inflation, the reform of the urban housing system, the economic impact of WTO entry, the future potential growth rate, global economic governance, structural fiscal and taxation reforms, the rapid growth of China's financial industry, and more. These studies explores China's successful experience of economic growth in the past and will shed some light on China's economic development in the future, providing value to economists and Chinese scholars.

This book focuses on the current internal and external situation China is facing both from a macro perspective and a theoretical height, and puts forward practical development strategies and diplomatic ideas. It is of great methodological significance. At home, the development thought after the conclusion of the hundred-year change is the guiding thought for China's further development, and abroad, the international communication and the construction of international order highlighted by the hundred-year change also have important reference significance for the world's development.

This book examines the Westernization Movement in modern Chinese History, in the latter 19th century and the economic impact on manufacturing and enterprise evolution. It examines the rise, development, and performance of this movement on both the micro and macro-levels. This book reveals achievements in technology transfer without political changes, which set the limits for the westernization movement. It evaluates the link between the Westernization Movement and China's economic reforms after 1978, and the factors that may have constrained the development of economic thought in China. The book provides valuable insights into how Chinese economic thought transitioned, and is a valuable contribution to the debate on how the early Westernization Movement in China caused a change in consumer thought. It will be of interest to academics in economic history and those interested in the development of modern China and the emergence of manufacturing and entrepreneurship in China.

The book you have just opened is probably unlike anything you have ever read so far. It offers you a path to direct contact with “The Art of War”, the masterpiece of Sun Tzu, a classical theorist of warfare in Ancient China. This book examines an ancient Chinese work on strategy and warfare: Sun Tzu, “The Art of War”, from the perspectives of logic, mathematics, and computer science. Sun Tzu's book has been studied and translated many times before, with viewpoints from historians, military- and business strategists, philosophers, and in the context of modern computer strategy games. This book takes a new approach to study this 2500-year-old text. It uses modern mind mapping techniques to show a new dimension that uncovers meaning and structure not easily seen before. Mind maps are semantic diagrams of related concepts: they are used in this book in a restricted form, defined as Text Tree Mind Maps. A chapter coveringthe theoretical side of diagramming ancient text, explains the making of the mind maps used in this book and why showing old text in this way is so useful.

This book is a study of the change and continuity in paradigms in China studies, both inside and outside of China. In the last few years, the United States and China appeared to be moving in the direction of “de-coupling,” indicating that the engagement policy with China in the last four decade is ending. The “modernization theory” that is the theoretical foundation of the engagement policy has proved to be insufficient. This situation calls for a reexamination of the field of China studies. Historically, scholarly paradigms shifts often went hand in hand with drastic social change. As we have entered an era of great uncertainty, it is constructive to reflect on the paradigms in China studies in the past and explore the possibility of new paradigms in the future. How are the shifts of major theories, methods and paradigms in China studies in the west related to social change? How did some of China's paradigms impact on the country's socialchange and developments?This book will appeal to a wide readership, including scholars and graduate students, upper division undergraduate students of China studies, Asian studies.

This book conducts a panoramic study on the history of China's Science and Technology which focuses on the Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Program (MLSTP). In general these Programs have a duration of 5-30 year. This book provides an epochal assessment of the project's conceptual context over the past 60 years.. The author shows that the historical evolution and conceptual development of China's MLSTP are the result of an amalgamation of political, economic and social factors within distinct contemporary contexts. As a national action plan, MLSTP has incorporated many of the factors that go beyond the intentional factors of science and technology. MLSTP is not only a macro vision and blueprint for scientific and technological development; it is also a political act of realizing the national will. While ensuring the MLSTP builds on its great achievements, the author also reflects upon its deficiencies and disadvantages in order to better promote theadvancement of science and technology in China.This book comprehensively lays out the historical and theoretical dimensions. Based on a clear vision of historical constructivism the author has compiled the MLSTP philosophy of different eras into a conceptual framework for this era and used this framework to research and analyze the historical and conceptual evolution of MLSTP. Research on MLSTP is important for as enrichment of contemporary studies in the history of science and the science and technology policy. In 2010, more than 60 years after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the country had enacted 10 MLSTP programs.This book separates the development of the MLSTP into three different historical eras: the era of economic planning, the era of economic transformation and the new century. Each historical epoch corresponds to a different MLSTP philosophy concept, which enables usto study the conceptual evolution of MLSTP using historical research as our foundation.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the relations between China and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1949 to 1989. These relations were characterized by some “ups” but many more “downs,” e.g. when, in the early 1960s, the Soviet Union ordered its vassal state in East Berlin to begin treating its former socialist comrade and brother-in-arms as an adversary and indeed enemy. Drawing on a wealth of archival material, especially from the archive of the GDR's ruling party, this book examines selected issues and elements of East German and Chinese domestic and foreign policy. In order to better grasp the nature and the historical context of the bilateral relationship, it offers detailed insights into the following aspects: 1. the bilateral “honeymoon period” from 1949 to the late 1950s, which was accompanied by the two parties supporting and applauding each other's oppressive domestic and ill-fated economic policies, including Mao's Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution; 2. relations during the 1960s, when the “Sino-Soviet Split” defined the quality and level of bilateral animosities; 3. the 1970s, when Beijing replaced socialist comradeship with East Berlin with trade and aid from the US and West Germany; and 4. the resumption of Sino-East German relations in the 1980s and the subsequent period up to the Tiananmen Square protests and the collapse of the GDR in 1989. The book will appeal to historians, political scientists and scholars of international relations, as well as policymakers, diplomats, and others with an interest in this previously under-researched area.

This book divides the history of China's rural-urban relations into three stages: antagonism, integration and re-antagonism, and demonstrates that the two coupled variables i.e., policy-culture and coast-trade are the most crucial to urbanization and rural-urban governance in China from ancient times till now. From the perspective of a combination of history and geography, this book puts forward a new theory which is mainly based on Adam Smith's theory and other theories about rural-urban relationship and reinterprets the process and driving forces of evolutionary history of rural-urban relationship over 5,000 years in China. It is useful for researchers and scholars specialized in such fields as rural and urban studies, economics, geography, management and planning for reference.

This book presents a rough sketch of Dr. Yat-sen Sun's (1866-1925) requirements for modernizing China and elaborates on Sun's desire for the then China to implement a sweeping wave of economic reconstruction and development reforms concerning its railroads and highways, river conservancy and irrigation, new ports and modern cities, by absorbing international capital coming to China. In the preface to this book, first published in 1922, Yat-sen Sun posits, “Unless the Chinese question can be settled peacefully, another world war greater and more terrible than the one just past will be inevitable.” In order to solve the “Chinese question,” he suggested that the country's vast resources be developed internationally under a socialistic scheme, both for the good of the world in general and the Chinese people in particular. It was his hope that such a scheme would abolish the prevalent spheres of influence of the time, and that the class struggle between capital and labor could be avoided. In this book, Yat-sen Sun presents his solutions for three great questions of global importance: International War, Commercial War and Class War.

This book is an anthology of English writing on education by Tao Xingzhi, the great Chinese educator and thinker. It includes several articles that represent his educational ideas and life philosophy, such as China in Transition, Creative Education, The Little Teacher and the Literacy Movement, and Education for All. These works are not only highly readable, but also present educational philosophies that are closely related to real life, and can be used to highlight and correct the deviations of strongly utilitarian educational concepts in modern society. Further, the appendix includes stories, fables, and poems translated by Tao Xingzhi, as well as his own poems written in Chinese and translated into English. This book offers readers interested in education's new perspectives and inspiration. It also contributes to a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of Tao Xingzhi as well as his educational theories.

This book explores the history and development of modern Chinese politics. Written by Dr. Mingsheng Wang, a renowned Chinese political scientist, it presents a truly groundbreaking and thought-provoking study of the sociopolitical forces behind China's gradual emergence as a new global power in the 20th century and its rapid rise as the world's second-largest economy over the past 40 years. The author's argument, illuminated by comparative theoretical analyses based on meticulously detailed empirical research, functions as a lens through which readers can better understand China's remarkable accomplishments as well as consider broader issues that have perplexed many: Is there a China Path to sociopolitical progress? What is “socialism with Chinese characteristics”? Can China redefine its niche and maintain its growing momentum in an increasingly multilateral world? And finally, what lessons can we draw from China's continuing progress in the post-COVID era?As the author argues eloquently and with persuasive evidence, China's ongoing progress has followed neither the mode of Russian-style socialism nor that of Western prototypical capitalism. Rather, it represents a distinctively different model of progress and a continuous search for a viable alternative route to modernity that is permeated with Chinese realities. By identifying an alternative system described as the “China Path,” the author demonstrates convincingly that there exist ample options for different types of modernity and that economic growth means not only industrialization, but also the development of political democratization and the realization of the rule of law. In this sense, this book significantly enriches our understanding of modern China. The 33 carefully selected essays in the anthology provide a much-needed opportunity for scholars, policy makers and all interested readers to obtain an insider's view of the history and prospect of China's political development.