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This chapter examines how Taiwanese newspapers portray older people living with dementia. Prior (Western) literature has reported an absence of their voices in the news, which means that dementia is perceived as a fearsome and aggressive threat. Monitoring how people with dementia are portrayed in the media could help combat social ageism. This chapter presents a critical discourse analysis of Taiwanese news reports so as to further internationalise the growing body of work on the theme of ageing, disability and the media. The results revealed derogatory representations of older people living with dementia, given the way the Taiwanese newspapers reported on them, which implied their frailty, problems caused by their condition as well as their lack of functionalisation and individuality. Their health-related and age identities were particularly highlighted in reports. Via modes of address indicating intergenerational relationships, Taiwanese news readers were invited to show more empathy towards the subjects of the examined news stories. This representational strategy, unique to Taiwan, is further explained in the discussion in relation to Confucianism, in addition to interpretations of the ideological effects of the problem-oriented framing of older people living with dementia in Taiwanese news contexts.

Recent natural language reasoning models have achieved human-level accuracy on several benchmark datasets such as bAbI. While the results are impressive, in this paper we argue by experiment analysis that several existing attention-based models have a hard time generalizing themselves to handle name entities not seen in the training data. We thus propose Unseen Filler Generalization (UFG) as a task along with two new datasets to evaluate the filler generalization capability of a natural language reasoning model. We also propose a simple yet general strategy that can be applied to various models to handle the UFG challenge through modifying the entity occurrence distribution in the training data. Such strategy allows the model to encounter unseen entities during training, and thus not to overfit to only a few specific name entities. Our experiments show that this strategy can significantly boost the filler generalization capability of three existing models including Entity Network, Working Memory Network, and Universal Transformers.

Limited knowledge is available regarding the hydrophobic antioxidants present in the Morinda citrifolia L (Noni). Moreover, supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) extraction technique is well known with many superior extraction properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative properties of crude extracts from the leaves, green and brown stems, and fruit of Noni plant obtained by near SF-CO2 extraction. Extracts from brown stems by near SF-CO2 extraction under high pressure and low temperature conditions afforded the highest total phenolic content (23.14±1.83 mg/g) and the best reducing power (59.82±6.28 ascorbic acid equivalents mg/g). It also possessed the greatest antioxidative capacities, including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (564.52±41.58 μmol/g), scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl  (effective concentration: EC50=6.87±0.14 mg/L), and superoxide radical scavenging activity (505.12±26.68 SOD unit/g), which indicated that the antioxidative activity is not only due to phenolic compounds but also due to non-polar antioxidants. Extracts from the brown stems of M. citrifolia could be a significant source of antioxidants when isolated by near SF-CO2 extraction.

The present study aimed to investigate bio-function, focusing the on antioxidant, bactericidal, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulatory activity, of food-related plants. Bioassay-coupled chromatography and bioassay guiding, the rapid and simple screening method, was used to identify potential antioxidant and bactericidal components from fifty-five food-related plants. Lonicera japonica exhibited moderate xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition and antioxidant activity. Rhodiola rosea, provoked strongly inhibition for tyrosinase, lipoxygenase (LOX), XO and MMP-2 activity. The organic fractions of Ligusticum sinense had a significant antimicrobial effect against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive species (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis). The chemical structures of MMP-2-inhibiting and antimicrobial components was further identified as 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β- d -glucopyranoside and ferulic acid, respectively, which were determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The results suggest that R. rosea and L. sinense could be a useful natural food preservatives and potential nutraceutical ingredients.

Dicrotophos (Dic), an insecticide and acaricide, is used against a variety of sucking, boring and chewing pests. It was proven that Dic induced oxidative DNA damage in HepG2 cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of this compound were still unclear. First of all, the cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage were confirmed. Next, using RNA-seq for detecting differential expressed genes (DEGs) in cells treated with 50 μM Dic for 24 h, we showed that the dysregulation of these genes, irrespective of up (1298 genes) or down (2125 genes) regulation, could be attributed to some diverse pathways/metabolisms using KEGG analysis, particularly in DNA damage responses (DDRs) such as oxidative phosphorylation, nucleotide excision repair and cell cycle arrest. Validation of some randomly selected DDR genes confirmed RNA-seq results. We further demonstrated that Dic induced ROS overproduction, the loss of mitochondrial depolarization and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, we also definitely clarified the role of CSA, a nucleotide excision repair enzymes in Dic-treated cells. Collectively, our results showed that various mechanisms of Dic-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells including downregulation of some genes related to nucleotide excision repair including CSA and increased oxidative stress.

Single-mode wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical links are an attractive technology to meet the growing interconnect bandwidth demand in data center applications. This paper presents a multi-channel hybrid-integrated photonic receiver based on microring drop filters and waveguide photodetectors implemented in a 130 nm SOI process and high-speed optical front-ends designed in 65 nm CMOS. The source-synchronous receiver utilizes an LC injection-locked oscillator (ILO) in the clock path for improved jitter filtering, while maintaining correlated jitter tracking with the data channels. Receiver sensitivity is improved with a large input-stage feedback resistor transimpedance amplifier (TIA) cascaded with an adaptively-tuned continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). In order to stabilize the microring drop filter resonance wavelength, a peak-detector-based thermal tuning loop is implemented with a 0.7 nm range at $43~\mu \text {W}$ /GHz efficiency. When tested with a waveguide photodetector with 0.45 A/W responsivity, the receiver achieves -8.0 dBm OMA sensitivity at a BER $= 10^{\mathrm {-12}}$ with a jitter tolerance corner frequency near 20 MHz and a per-channel power consumption of 17 mW including amortized clocking power.

Optical interconnect system efficiency is dependent on the ability to optimize the transceiver circuitry for low-power and high-bandwidth operation, motivating co-simulation environments with compact optical device simulation models. This paper presents a compact Verilog-A silicon carrier-injection ring modulator model, which accurately captures both non-linear electrical and optical dynamics. The device's electrical behavior is described by a p-i-n diode SPICE model, while the optical response is captured with a dynamic ring resonator model, which considers the ring's cumulative phase shift. Experimental verification of the model is performed both at 8 Gb/s with symmetric drive signals to study the impact of pre-emphasis pulse duration, pulse depth, and dc bias, and at 9 Gb/s with a 65 nm CMOS driver capable of asymmetric pre-emphasis pulse duration. The potential for 15 Gb/s operation is shown by utilizing the presented model for optimization of the asymmetric pre-emphasis signal waveform.

We report a 200 mm silicon photonic platform integrating a set of devices dedicated on HPC applications. PiN microring modulator layout and process are optimized together. Active tuning through heating section is investigated using either doped silicon or metal resistors. This technology is supported by a dedicated process design kit (PDK) compatible with conventional CMOS EDA tools. The PDK includes optical device models that will be described and compared with experimental results. A focus will be done on the PiN micro-ring modulator models which covering a wide range of geometries. DC mode and RF behaviors are supported.

Background Litchi seeds possess rich amounts of phenolics and have been shown to inhibit proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, the suppression of EGFR signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by litchi seed extract (LCSE) has not been fully understood. Methods In this study, the effects of LCSE on EGFR signaling, cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis in A549 adenocarcinoma cells and NCI- H661 large-cell carcinoma cells were examined. Results The results demonstrated that LCSE potently reduced the number of cancer cells and induced growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest in the G1 or G2/M phase, and apoptotic death in the cellular experiment. Only low cytotoxicity effect was noted in normal lung MRC-5 cells. LCSE also suppressed cyclins and Bcl-2 and elevated Kip1/p27, Bax and caspase 8, 9 and 3 activities, which are closely associated with the downregulation of EGFR and its downstream Akt and Erk-1/-2 signaling. Conclusion The results implied that LCSE suppressed EGFR signaling and inhibited NSCLC cell growth. This study provided in vitro evidence that LCSE could serve as a potential agent for the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC.

Silicon microring resonator-based photonic interconnects offer an attractive substitute to conventional electrical interconnects due to the negligible frequency-dependent channel loss and high bandwidth density offered via wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). This paper presents silicon photonic transmitters employing ring modulators designed in a 130-nm SOI process wire bonded with CMOS drivers in a 1-V standard 65-nm CMOS technology. The transmitter circuits incorporate high-swing ( $2V_{pp}$ and $4V_{pp}$ ) drivers with nonlinear pre-emphasis to bypass the bandwidth limitation of the carrier-injection silicon ring modulator. The first-generation silicon ring modulator wire bonded with $4V_{pp}$ CMOS driver achieves 12.7-dB extinction ratio at 5 Gb/s with 4.04-mW power consumption, while the second-generation ring modulator wire bonded with $2V_{pp}$ CMOS driver achieves 9.2-dB extinction ratio at 9 Gb/s with 4.32 mW. Both of these measurements exclude the laser power.

Photonic interconnects are a promising technology to meet the bandwidth demands of next-generation high-performance computing systems. This paper presents silicon photonic transceiver circuits for a microring resonator-based optical interconnect architecture in a 1 V standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The transmitter circuits incorporate high-swing ( $2{\rm V}_{{\rm pp}}$ and $4{\rm V}_{{\rm pp}})$ drivers with nonlinear pre-emphasis and automatic bias-based tuning for resonance wavelength stabilization. An optical forwarded-clock adaptive inverter-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA) receiver trades off power for varying link budgets by employing an on-die eye monitor and scaling the TIA supply for the required sensitivity. At 5 Gb/s operation, the $4{\rm V}_{{\rm pp}}$ transmitter achieves 12.7 dB extinction ratio with 4.04 mW power consumption, excluding laser power, when driving wire-bonded modulators designed in a 130 nm SOI process, while a 0.28 nm tuning range is obtained at 6.8 $\mu$ W/GHz efficiency with the bias-based tuning scheme implemented with the $2{\rm V}_{{\rm pp}}$ transmitter. When tested with a wire-bonded 150 fF p-i-n photodetector, the receiver achieves ${-}$ 9 dBm sensitivity at a ${\rm BER}=10^{-9}$ and consumes 2.2 mW at 8 Gb/s. Testing with an on-die test structure emulating a low-capacitance waveguide photodetector yields 17 $\mu$ A $_{{\rm pp}}$ sensitivity at 10 Gb/s and more than 40% power reduction with higher input current levels.

This study extends gerontological sociolinguistics by investigating how older Taiwanese adults disclosed their age and the relevant conversational sequences around their age-telling behaviours in first-encounter talks with college students. The 13-pair young-old conversational data were coded using Coupland, Coupland, Giles and Henwood’s (1991) six age-telling strategies, and 70 age-telling utterances were identified. Frequency analysis of the age-telling utterances indicated that the older participants mostly constructed their older-age identities by referring to age-related roles and to historical changes they had witnessed. Conversation analysis suggested that both of these age-telling strategies could endow older people with greater power by casting them in roles such as information-givers or proud grandparents, and ascribe positive qualities to their age group. However, the data raised concerns that age-telling conversations could also sometimes be disenfranchising and the younger interlocutors’ minimal responses to such talks were common. Wider implications of the findings for intergenerational communication are discussed in the conclusion.

Two channels of a ring modulator transceiver device are concurrently modulated and characterized for optical crosstalk by monitoring link bit error ratio. Power penalty of 1–3dB at +50GHz channel spacing is observed for 10Gb/s data rate.

A new silicon photonic platform on 310nm thick SOI wafers is presented. Process and layout optimizations for P-i-N ring modulators are described.

Optical switches based on ring resonator cavities were fabricated by a silicon photonics foundry process and analyzed for optical crosstalk at various data rates and channel spacings. These devices were compared to commercial bandpass filters and at 20Gb/s, 0.5dB power penalty is observed due to spectral filtering for bit error ratio threshold of 1 × 10-9. Concurrent modulation at 20Gb/s with a channel spacing as narrow as 40GHz shows error-free transmission with 1dB power penalty as compared to wider channel spacing for the ring-based switch.

We identified significant spatial patterns in the wafer-scale process variation data of silicon microring modulators. These spatial patterns implicate some variation sources in certain fabrication process steps.

PAM-4 transmission is established by modulating two silicon ring modulators in series with two uncorrelated NRZ encoded data sources. The two modulators are thermally tuned to obtain different extinction ratios. 30Gb/s PAM-4 transmissions are achieved with only 1Vpp.

Optical switches based on ring resonator cavities are fabricated by a silicon photonics foundry process and analyzed for optical crosstalk at various data rates and channel spacing. An optical power penalty of 1 dB is measured for 40GHz channel spacing for 20Gb/s as compared to slower data rates.

Using an analytic network process (ANP) as an analytical tool, this study aims to construct an ANP evaluation model of interactive website design indicators. Through a review of the literature, interactive website design of e-entrepreneurship is generalized to the following dimensions: (1) Design; (2) Checking; (3) Service; (4) Interactive; and (5) Promotion, including 19 design indicators. The research is conducted for a case company. According to the findings, the model helps the case company review its current execution of interactive website design indicators and the experts’ opinions of the importance of interactive website design indicators. In addition, by comprehensive comparison, it confirms key design indicators and analyzes the managerial implications to help the case company set up precise strategic planning and resource distribution to enhance corporate operational performance and competitiveness.

Interconnect architectures based on high-Q silicon photonic microring resonator devices offer a promising solution to address the dramatic increase in datacenter I/O bandwidth demands due to their ability to realize wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a compact and energy efficient manner. However, challenges exist in realizing efficient receivers for these systems due to varying per-channel link budgets, sensitivity requirements, and ring resonance wavelength shifts. This paper reports on adaptive optical receiver design techniques which address these issues and have been demonstrated in two hybrid-integrated prototypes based on microring drop filters and waveguide photodetectors implemented in a 130nm SOI process and high-speed optical front-ends designed in 65nm CMOS. A 10Gb/s powerscalable architecture employs supply voltage scaling of a three inverter-stage transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that is adapted with an eye-monitor control loop to yield the necessary sensitivity for a given channel. As reduction of TIA input-referred noise is more critical at higher data rates, a 25Gb/s design utilizes a large input-stage feedback resistor TIA cascaded with a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) that compensates for the increased input pole. When tested with a waveguide Ge PD with 0.45A/W responsivity, this topology achieves 25Gb/s operation with -8.2dBm sensitivity at a BER=10-12. In order to address microring drop filters sensitivity to fabrication tolerances and thermal variations, efficient wavelength-stabilization control loops are necessary. A peak-power-based monitoring loop which locks the drop filter to the input wavelength, while achieving compatibility with the high-speed TIA offset-correction feedback loop is implemented with a 0.7nm tuning range at 43μW/GHz efficiency.

A ring modulator with 22nm free spectral range is modulated and demonstrates an open eye diagram at 15Gb/s. This enables high channel counts towards Terabit per second bandwidth for optical data links using this device architecture.