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Abstract Background Cryptosporidiosis is a pathological condition caused by infection with coccidian protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. So far, no data has been published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Cameroon. This study was therefore, designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years suffering from diarrhea and being attended to at the Limbe Regional Hospital. Methods The study was a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study involving children within the ages 0–5 years (n = 112) hospitalized or consulted in the pediatric departments of the hospital between April 2018 and May 2018. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. Results A total of 112 participants were recruited out of which 67 presented with diarrhea. A high prevalence 9/67 (13.40%) of Cryptosporidium was noticed in children with diarrhea than children without diarrhea 1/45 (2.2%). There was a significant relationship (p = 0.041) between prevalence of Cryptosporidium and the presence of diarrhea in children within the ages 0–5 years in the Limbe Regional Hospital. It was realized that children from parents with primary level of education, children whose parents did not respect exclusive breastfeeding and those whose parents were giving them pipe borne water for drinking recorded a higher prevalence. Conclusions This study revealed an overall prevalence of 8.9% for Cryptosporidium among children of ages 0–5 years that attended the Limbe Regional Hospital. The prevalence among children that presented with diarrhea was 13.4%. The study clearly demonstrated that Cryptosporidium is an important protozoal etiologic agent for children with diarrhea in Limbe.

The double burden of malnutrition, an emerging concern in developing countries, can exist at various levels: individual, household, and population. Here, we explore the nutritional status of Tajik women (15–49 years) and children (5–59 months) focusing on overweight/obesity along with undernutrition (underweight, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies). For this, nutritional markers (haemoglobin (Hb), transferrin receptor (TfR), serum ferritin (Sf), retinol binding protein (RBP), vitamin D, serum folate, and urinary iodine), height, and weight were assessed from 2,145 women and 2,149 children. Dietary intake, weaning, and breastfeeding habits were recorded using a 24‐hr recall and a questionnaire. Overweight (24.5%) and obesity (13.0%) are increasing among Tajik women compared with previous national surveys (2003 and 2009). Prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia was 38.0% and 25.8%, respectively; 64.5% of women were iodine deficient, 46.5% vitamin A deficient, and 20.5% had insufficient folate levels. Women in rural areas had significantly lower iron status and body mass index and higher iodine intake compared with urban areas; 20.9% of children were stunted, 2.8% wasted, 6.2% underweight, 52.4% iron deficient, and 25.8% anaemic; all more prominent in rural areas. Dietary diversity was higher among urban women. Intraindividual or household double burden was not seen. In summary, double burden of malnutrition constituted an increase in overweight among women, especially in urban areas, and persisting levels of undernutrition (stunting, iron, and vitamin A deficiency), predominately in rural areas. A holistic, innovative approach is needed to improve infant and young children feeding and advise mothers to maintain an adequate diet. Rituximab was digested with immobilized pepsin and papain to yield F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments respectively. Fragments were conjugated with p‐SCN‐Bn‐NOTA and immunoconjugates labeled with Ga‐68. Specificity of radioimmunoconjugates was ascertained by cell binding and inhibition assays with unlabeled antibody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community is required to collaborate with respect to social capital. A community should play an active role in providing care for all population groups in the area, including children aged 0-5 years old as they would further constitute a potential part in developing their communities. The community is required to be involved with providing care for families as well as developing children to be qualified citizens. This report was a part of a study on a community care system for families with children 0-5 years. Critical ethnography was employed in the study to understand the beliefs and relationship of a community's work and activities. The data were collected by participant observations, in-depth interviews, group discussions, and document study. The data were collected from 88 informants and subsequently analyzed by content analysis. The results of a community care system for families with children aged 0-5 years can be summarized, as to the guidelines, in 11 ways as follows: 1) creating lifelong learning, 2) creating and developing volunteers, 3) taking care of community health, 4) conserving culture and local wisdom, 5) promoting savings and providing welfare, 6) reducing expenses and promoting careers, 7) managing food, 8) organizing a friendly environment for families, 9) monitoring and solving family problems and promoting loving families, 10) enhancing social capital and participation, and 11) creating rules and agreements. Community nurses and health teams may use the guidelines to create collaboration and design health care through social capital in providing care for families with children aged 0-5 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]