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The construction of child-friendly cities has become a global issue, and the diverse needs of children during their growth has attracted widespread attention. This study uses CiteSpace 6.4.1 to perform a visual analysis of 966 papers published from 2004 to 2024 in the SSCI, SCI, ESCI, and A&HCI citation indexes of the Web of Science database. First, the study analyzes the publication trends over the past two decades in the context of different citation indexes and research fields. Then, we identify influential journals, institutions, countries, author institutions, and funding agencies within this domain. Additionally, this study uses the visualized results to outline the core keywords and research themes in child-friendly city research, clarifying the development trajectory of the field and identifying future research priorities and hotspots. The results derived from CiteSpace and bibliometric analysis will assist future researchers and practitioners in a better understanding of the comprehensive framework of child-friendly city research, thereby advancing the progress of child-friendly city construction under the broader context of sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing attention is being directed toward understanding the impact of urban built environments on children's health. The concept of the 15-minute city, or "15-minute life circle", in China is significant; however, the needs of the pediatric population are often overlooked. Walkability and accessibility to urban service facilities are crucial for promoting children's well-being. This paper focuses on the old city of Guilin in western China as a case study. It investigates the service facilities within a 15-minute life circle that affect children's physical health, mental health, and social engagement. Utilizing the Walking Index method, this study assesses the walkability and rationality of these facilities in 621 neighborhoods. Data were gathered from 200 questionnaires and interviews with children, concentrating on their daily use of these facilities, supplemented by a multi-source analysis. The findings reveal that the Walking Index in the study area is generally low, with an uneven distribution, primarily influenced by road network density, block size, and urban landscape patterns. This study proposes the development of a "Children's Healthy 15-minute Life Circle", which would increase child-friendly service facilities, pedestrian infrastructure, and urban road network density. It also advocates for constructing service facilities that enhance children's health and the optimization of the spatial arrangement of these facilities. Furthermore, it suggests the effective utilization of urban landscapes to create a diverse system of leisure spaces for children. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing the walkability of urban life circle service facilities and establishing a child-friendly city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are still far from being child-friendly for cycling. Cycling with children in low-cycling cities poses specific challenges, requiring high confidence and skills. Active travel-to-school programs aim to promote cycling among children, and one of these programs, Bike Bus, has recently captured considerable attention. Bike Bus is an initiative where families cycle together to school following a fixed route and schedule. This study aims to trace the origins of this initiative worldwide, explain the current momentum behind the movement, identify their diversity, and reflect on their long-term sustainability. We reached 431 Bike Buses through a mixed-methods design, including archival analysis, an online survey, and 22 interviews. Bike Bus had a plural origin in Europe in the late twentieth century. Moving more than 35,000 children in a week, its expansion has been driven by the joy it brings to participants, the growing interest in climate action, and social media. This is the first study that examines the characteristics of different Bike Buses and analyzes the particularities of this initiative. On average, the rides have 29 participants and travel 2.8 km. We compare route characteristics, participants, goals, and relationships with their respective city councils. Finally, while not all initiatives aim to last, access to long-term funding and committed organizers are the best enablers for sustainability over time. Bike Bus' powerful nature lies in its simultaneous purposes: active mobility to school, activism, and joy. To ensure longevity, organizers could collaborate with local administrations to secure resources while maintaining advocacy for child-friendly cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The service and social inequalities resulting from poor urban conditions underline the necessity of focusing more on children, who constitute a vulnerable and crucial segment of society. Meeting children's needs and demands within the framework of child-friendly city principles is essential. This study aims to assess the status of child-friendly city components and indicators in Amol, prioritizing them based on feedback from children and their parents. The research methodology involves surveys, questionnaires, and interviews with children as the analysis units and the entire child population of Amol as the statistical population. Through Cochran's sampling method, 250 samples were chosen using cluster random sampling. Data analysis employed the one-sample t-test and Friedman's test. The findings indicate that not all components of a child-friendly city are deficient and exhibit a notable deviation from the desired level. Moreover, there is a significant variance in the importance levels of these components; notably, access to services ranks highest in priority, while participation and valuing of children rank lowest. This suggests a lack of attention to fulfilling children's needs and desires within the context of child-friendly city components. Children have not been adequately acknowledged as stakeholders in development decisions. To enhance child-friendly indicators, prioritizing children's participation and recognizing their value are imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are often vulnerable to violence due to their limited knowledge and physical strength. The family, the environment, and the state must be responsible for the fulfillment of children's rights and child protection. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability between the Family Learning Center (PUSPAGA) program and beneficiaries, the suitability between the PUSPAGA program and the implementing organization, and the suitability between beneficiaries and implementing organizations in an effort to implement the Child-Friendly City policy in the city of Surabaya through the PUSPAGA program. Through a descriptive qualitative method, this study provides an overview of the implementation of a program. This analysis is based on the indicators of the program implementation suitability model introduced by David C. Korten. The results of this study show that the PUSPAGA program has supported the implementation of the ChildFriendly City policy relatively well, but there are obstacles experienced due to the limitations of professional psychologists at PUSPAGA Balai RW (Rukun Warga) and the participation of the beneficiary community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted a participatory planning process with children and applied it to a case study aiming to improve road safety in a school zone in Busan, South Korea. The planning project was conducted with children in a three-step planning process: field work, solution and location proposals, and plan construction. During the participatory planning process, children presented various opinions based on their experiences and selected preferred solutions and locations. The results show that children can serve as key actors in community planning. Planners must reinterpret planning problems based on children's characteristics to ensure their active participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of socio-spatial contexts in promoting children’s well-being in urban planning and design is gaining attention. Nevertheless, the discourse on children’s well-being has primarily been shaped by adults, often overlooking the unique needs and perspectives of younger populations. This interdisciplinary study located in Berlin, Germany, conducted by educational scientists, planners, and architects, challenges this by directly engaging with children through game-based data collection combined with ethnographic research to explore their well-being needs. From children’s centers and schools to digital worlds, neighborhoods, and interactions with crime, children clearly articulate where, how, when, and with whom they create moments of well-being. The findings highlight the importance of children’s centers as well-being hubs, offering insights into how well-being can be nurtured through both physical design and programmatic offerings tailored to children’s needs. A key insight is the role of religious places and family practices, alongside micro-spaces and translocal references provided by neighborhood spaces, in shaping children’s sense of identity and well-being. Additionally, the importance of having access to digital spaces is emphasized by the children. The study contributes to the discourse on child-friendly cities by advocating for multi-scalar planning and design approaches. The research calls for urban planners and designers to integrate children’s perspectives to design spaces that accommodate the full spectrum of children’s well-being needs, including micro-scale interventions and flexible, child-responsive interior designs.

Abstract Pedestrian safety, particularly for children, relies on well-designed pathways. Child-friendly pathways play a crucial role in safeguarding young pedestrians. Shared spaces accommodating both vehicles and walkers can bring benefits to pedestrians. However, active children playing near these pathways are prone to accidents. This research aims to develop an efficient method for planning child-friendly pedestrian pathways, taking into account community development and the specific needs of children. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing the Datang community in Guangzhou, China, as a case study. This approach combined drawing techniques with GIS data analysis. Drawing methods were utilized to identify points of interest for children aged 2–6. The qualitative and quantitative fuzzy analytic hierarchy process assessed factors influencing pathway planning, assigning appropriate weights. The weighted superposition analysis method constructed a comprehensive cost grid, considering various community elements. To streamline the planning process, a GIS tool was developed based on the identified factors, resulting in a practical, child-friendly pedestrian pathway network. Results indicate that this method efficiently creates child-friendly pathways, ensuring optimal connectivity within the planned road network.

Increasing attention is being directed toward understanding the impact of urban built environments on children’s health. The concept of the 15-minute city, or “15-minute life circle”, in China is significant; however, the needs of the pediatric population are often overlooked. Walkability and accessibility to urban service facilities are crucial for promoting children’s well-being. This paper focuses on the old city of Guilin in western China as a case study. It investigates the service facilities within a 15-minute life circle that affect children’s physical health, mental health, and social engagement. Utilizing the Walking Index method, this study assesses the walkability and rationality of these facilities in 621 neighborhoods. Data were gathered from 200 questionnaires and interviews with children, concentrating on their daily use of these facilities, supplemented by a multi-source analysis. The findings reveal that the Walking Index in the study area is generally low, with an uneven distribution, primarily influenced by road network density, block size, and urban landscape patterns. This study proposes the development of a “Children’s Healthy 15-minute Life Circle”, which would increase child-friendly service facilities, pedestrian infrastructure, and urban road network density. It also advocates for constructing service facilities that enhance children’s health and the optimization of the spatial arrangement of these facilities. Furthermore, it suggests the effective utilization of urban landscapes to create a diverse system of leisure spaces for children. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing the walkability of urban life circle service facilities and establishing a child-friendly city.

Caregivers, i.e., parents, grandparents, and anyone caring for children, make up the majority of users in many urban centers around the world, including in China. Yet urban design and planning rarely consider specific needs of caregivers. This can result in a negative perception among people that cities are unfriendly places to raise children. Such negative perception is among the major contributors to the aging population problem, as parents and parents-to-be feel reluctant to give birth and raise more than one or even any children. Using an interdisciplinary approach, i.e., cognitive science, psychology, behavioral economics, and urban studies, this paper examines a new city model of "parent-friendly city," where urban design serves the needs of caregivers, effectively creating a perception that cities are friendly places for raising children. First, we identify that caregivers' needs are characterized by two major factors: (1) provision: parents want to provide for their children, such as providing places for play and learning, and (2) restoration: parents want to restore things that they lack due to childcare responsibilities, such as lack of rest and interaction with other adults. Second, we offer cognitive-based design principles that can work powerfully and effectively to fill both needs. Third, using real case studies from cities in China and around the world, we illustrate how these design principles work, even reversing caregivers' perception from negative to positive. Ultimately, thoughtful urban design can support parents in raising children, making cities into partners in parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global surge of urbanization and population growth, the well-being of children within modern urban developments has been largely overlooked, necessitating an urgent need for attentiveness towards their needs in cities. Consequently, the assessment of urban neighborhoods in terms of child-friendly city components becomes an essential area of research. This study employs a survey method to evaluate the dimensions and components associated with a child-friendly city. Utilizing a cluster-spatial sampling approach, ten neighborhoods from five regions of Ardabil are selected as representative samples (two neighborhoods per region). A total of 400 researcher-developed questionnaires are then distributed proportionally based on the population of each selected neighborhood. The collected data is subsequently analyzed using one-sample t-statistics in SPSS software, as well as multi-criteria decision-making models to prioritize the neighborhoods according to the research criteria. The findings reveal distinctive characteristics of child-friendly city dimensions and components across the various neighborhoods of Ardabil. Interestingly, when comparing the dimensions, the environmental-physical and organizational-managerial dimensions emerge as the most problematic areas within the studied neighborhoods. Additionally, it is noteworthy that despite the inherent spatial disparities between neighborhoods, Neighborhood No. 1 in District 4 and Neighborhood No. 3 in District 2 of Ardabil Municipality exhibit greater challenges compared to other neighborhoods under investigation. Introduction With the rapid global urbanization and population growth, the well-being of children has been largely overlooked in modern urban planning and development. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize the consideration of children in urban environments like never before. Thus, it becomes imperative to conduct an in-depth investigation into the state of neighborhoods within the city of Ardabil, specifically in relation to the key indicators and criteria of a child-friendly city. This study aims to assess and prioritize the neighborhoods based on their adherence to these criteria, aiming to provide an accurate depiction of their current state and identify those in most need of improvement. To address the research inquiries and establish a logical framework, the following assumptions were formulated: - The nature of the components that contribute to a child-friendly city varies across different localities within Ardabil city. Of these components, the dimensions pertaining to physical and management are anticipated to pose the greatest challenges in the investigated areas, as evident from comparative examination. -The ranking of different neighborhoods of Ardabil city are different in terms of the components of a child-friendly city. Literature Review Permanasari et al. (2019) conducted a study entitled "Political pattern of public space in creating a child-friendly city in Jakarta," which emphasizes the significance of employing a bottom-up participatory approach in fostering heightened utilization and engagement among children. In their research titled "Child-friendly city survey focusing on children's health," Brown et al. (2019) underscore the influence of the environment on children's well-being. Accordingly, they assert the necessity for cities to possess comprehensive knowledge concerning the factors that impact children's health. Furthermore, it is imperative to prioritize understanding and promoting interactions between children and their environment, thereby enhancing their overall health. Examining the role of child-friendly urban structures in neighborhood development, Ahmadi et al. (2018) present their findings in an article entitled "Evaluation of the role of child-friendly city structure in the realization of development: case study of neighborhoods in Yazd city." Their research demonstrates significant variation in child-friendly city indicators within Yazd city, with certain neighborhoods exhibiting a high level of prosperity while others languish at a considerably lower level. Safaiyeh neighborhood emerges as the most prosperous, securing the top rank in the city. Conversely, Fahadan, Mahdiabad, Sajjadiyeh, Amirabad, and Kashtargah neighborhoods are positioned at the bottom, highlighting their limited prosperity. In their study on "Evaluation of child-friendly city indicators in Mashhad metropolis," Kharazmi et al. (2019) reveal the impact of these indicators and discern a discrepancy between the current state and the desired outcomes. The analysis uncovers a significant gap concerning access to play areas, green spaces, and vital services, suggesting the need for noteworthy improvements in these localized indicators within the context of Mashhad. Methodology The present study adopts an applied research design with a descriptive-analytical nature. Spatial cluster sampling was employed to randomly select 10 neighborhoods, comprising two neighborhoods from each of the five regions in Ardabil city, to serve as the sample. The target population for this research consists of households with children residing in the selected neighborhoods. To determine the appropriate sample size for the questionnaire, Cochran's statistical population formula was utilized, considering a 95% confidence level. As a result, 380 households were initially determined; however, to ensure increased accuracy, the sample size was expanded to 400 households. The distribution of the questionnaire was proportional to the number of households in each neighborhood. The evaluation of the problematic conditions of Ardabil city's neighborhoods regarding the components of a child-friendly city was conducted using the t-test. Subsequently, in the Excel environment, various multi-criteria decision-making models, including Topsis, Vicor, Electre, and Copeland integration model, were employed to rank the ten selected neighborhoods from the five regions of Ardabil city based on their problematic status in relation to the components of a child-friendly city. The selection of weights for the criteria was determined using Shannon's entropy method. Results The findings indicate significant variations among the localities within Ardabil city concerning the identified issues. Upon comparing the dimensions, it was observed that the organizational-management and environmental-physical dimensions exhibited the highest frequency of confirmation, thus suggesting their prominence as the most problematic dimensions across the studied localities. Moreover, employing multi-criteria decision-making models unveiled that Neighborhood No. 1 in Region 4 of Ardabil Municipality exhibited the highest number of neighborhood issues, primarily associated with concerns related to environmental-physical, cultural-social, and organizational-management aspects. On the other hand, Neighborhood No. 10 in Region 2 of Ardabil Municipality showcased the lowest number of neighborhood issues when compared to the other localities. It is essential to note that the localities examined in this research were selected based on their adherence to the dimensions and components of a child-friendly city. Conclusion One of the fundamental factors contributing to the spatial differentiation of localities, as evidenced by research indicators, is social and occupational inequality, which leads to unequal social and structural positions. This inequality in turn influences the access individuals and groups have to scarce social resources and benefits, including wealth, power, and status. Consequently, these factors significantly impact individuals' rights, opportunities, rewards, and social standing. Given the interconnectedness between social and spatial processes, this issue within Ardabil city exacerbates disparities in accessing urban services, opportunities, and amenities, particularly for children. These include aspects such as transportation and independent mobility, access to diverse services and activities, safety and security, friendly green spaces, and environmental concerns. Therefore, addressing social inequalities and enhancing urban infrastructure and facilities constitute crucial steps towards creating a child-friendly city. Furthermore, based on the authors' personal experiences and feedback from residents residing in localities with a higher prevalence of neighborhood issues, it becomes evident that urban management, particularly the municipality, plays a significant role in the environmental and physical realms. Through wielding influence and exerting power over other involved institutions, the municipality has had a notable impact on the problems faced by such neighborhoods. This influence stems from the limited awareness and economic poverty experienced by neighborhood residents, as well as the functional shortcomings of local institutions. Consequently, existing policies geared towards the development of socially, economically, and physically deprived populations – who predominantly reside in the most problematic areas identified in this study – have been ineffective. Instead, the current conditions have created a situation where high-income groups benefit disproportionately from the existing state of affairs. The lack of specific plans and programs targeting these problem areas, coupled with the failure to delegate approved plans for implementation at lower levels (such as regional municipalities), has exacerbated inequalities between localities. Hence, adopting a justice-oriented perspective in urban management is paramount. By doing so, attention can be directed towards improving conditions in deprived and problematic areas, thereby working towards a more equitable urban landscape.

This study performs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on child-friendly cities (CFC) conducted from 2000 to 2022. It investigates the global and domestic research trends using two prominent databases, Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The study reveals increasing global and domestic research publications on CFC, demonstrating an expanding interest in the area. The contributions of this study are threefold. First, it describes the status of the CFC in two databases based on quantitative analysis and an intuitive visualization, identifying patterns, hotspots, trends, and gaps. Second, by comparing the two databases, we have the following four findings: (1) the advancement of CFC construction and research focus is linked to economic development; (2) collaborative efforts involving multiple parties are crucial for policy implementation and engaging children in decision making; (3) the two databases demonstrate differing research emphases on the environment; (4) it is essential to broaden the channels for child participation. Finally, we propose the PAF dynamic conceptual model call for the sustainable development of CFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The main purpose of this study is an analysis of the prioritization of indicators of a child-friendly city in the five regions of Urmia to review strategies for improving the situation of each region by examining the indicators of a child-friendly city and ranking the regions of this city.Data and Method: The research method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 regions of Urmia. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used. The sample size was 384, which was randomly distributed in the range. The criteria studied in this study include physical, access, socio-cultural and environmental criteria. Data analysis has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. One-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and THIESSEN and OPA method were used to analyze the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.790.Results: The findings of this study indicate that based on field data and the child-friendly city criteria questionnaire, Urmia Region 1 is ranked first and Urmia Region 2 is ranked fifth among other regions. The results of the Spearman correlation test indicate that the physical criterion has the greatest impact on a child-friendly city.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the city of Urmia is at a moderate level in terms of the feasibility of the criteria of a child-friendly city and needs the attention of urban management to improve the situation in regions 2 and 3 of Urmia.

Child friendliness is the need for a good life in the new era. The problems related to the construction of child-friendly cities were discussed from the perspective of the supply of public goods. Through literature research and summary, the basic concepts, construction factors, sources of supply goods, structure of the main supplies, and supply behavior of public goods supply in child-friendly cities were sorted out. Some effective suggestions were proposed, such as improving the resource conversion and integration ability of the main suppliers, establishing an effective incentive system, optimizing the structure of the main suppliers, improving multi-party collaborative efficiency, ensuring benefits for all parties, raising child-friendly awareness, innovating funding sources for projects, ensuring adequate funding supply, building urban supply system in accordance with local conditions, and ensuring the supply of public goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The main purpose of this study is an analysis of the prioritization of indicators of a child)friendly city in the five regions of Urmia to review strategies for improving the situation of each region by examining the indicators of a child-friendly city and ranking the regions of this city. Data and Method: The research method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive)analytical in nature. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 regions of Urmia. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used. The sample size was 384, which was randomly distributed in the range. The criteria studied in this study include physical, access, socio-cultural and environmental criteria. Data analysis has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. One-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and THIESSEN and OPA method were used to analyze the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.790. Results: The findings of this study indicate that based on field data and the child-friendly city criteria questionnaire, Urmia Region 1 is ranked first and Urmia Region 2 is ranked fifth among other regions. The results of the Spearman correlation test indicate that the physical criterion has the greatest impact on a child friendly city. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the city of Urmia is at a moderate level in terms of the feasibility of the criteria of a child-friendly city and needs the attention of urban management to improve the situation in regions 2 and 3 of Urmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of children is not only limited to biological and sociological recognition, but it is also critical for the State to formally recognize the existence of a child where they live and stay. It is challenging for children to have a right because they cannot consistently enforce or waive their rights. In contrast, the realization of children's rights is critical in implementing the concept of Child-Friendly Cities. Child-Friendly City is a concept that applies to all communities' and governance, including children, urban and rural. This study was conducted to determine the implementation of the fulfillment of civil rights and children's freedom in Ternate as an indicator of realizing a child-friendly city. Empirical Law research with a conceptual and legal instrument approach was used. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, with conclusions reached using deductive to inductive methods. The findings indicate that the fulfillment of civil rights and children's freedom in several variables has not been fully realized, seen from several examples such as; the low number of children who have access to Child Identity Cards, the formation of children's forums that are not evenly distributed across sub-districts, and the lack of child-friendly information facilities.

Introduction: Children as a disabled group of society are educated or have fun in spaces and places that are not only inappropriate, but also in some cases involve dangers; and they need suitable places that meet the mental and psychological needs of children. Therefore, a child-friendly city has been proposed so that children can live in their favorite places and increase their participation in the city and their rights are not lost.Data and Method: The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. This is a descriptive-analytical research that has used library and field methods in collecting information. Statistical tests in SPSS software and fuzzy AHP multivariate model were used to analyze the data.Results: Findings from a single sample T to assess the physical-spatial dimension of adaptation of urban spaces for children based on the principles of child-friendly city in the areas of modiriat, Rassalat, Adib and Nasiriya according to the average obtained less than Basis (3) showed that the physical-spatial dimension of adaptation of urban spaces for children according to the principles of child-friendly city in these neighborhoods is not in a suitable and acceptable condition and only in Shafa neighborhood has an acceptable physical-spatial status. The results of fuzzy AHP model showed that the effective participation index with the tools of existence and expression of opinion in the organizational-institutional dimension with a normal weight of 0.331 in the first place and the greatest impact on adapting urban spaces for children based on child-friendly city principles in it has the city of Kerman.Conclusion: The results of one-sample T showed that the adaptation of urban spaces for children based on the principles of child-friendly city in the indicators of historical, cultural and religious identification, effective participation with the means of existence and expression of opinion with a mean lower than the base They are in an unfavorable situation. The results of this study consider that it is necessary to respect children in the city of Kerman and to express their views in urban planning in order to create suitable and desirable spaces for them.

This study explores how Iranian children perceive urban settings, what concerns they have in these environments, and examines their competency to accurately read or understand their lived urban environment. To achieve this, primary school students were invited to participate in a mixed-methods qualitative study. The findings present children's perceptions of physical and non-physical aspects of urban settings, each of these consisting of sub-themes relevant to the concerns and competency of participants. Findings include children's understanding of deficiencies in access to urban spaces, meeting children's needs, their experiences of city flows, their perceptions of socio-cultural features of their society, their need to be present in urban spaces, and the sense of belonging and feeling valued in their community. The findings also highlight that some priorities of children are consistent with UNICEF child-friendly city characteristics, but others exceed UNICEF guidelines. The results convey a message to urban decision-makers to provide more space in the urban development process for young citizens since children show competence in comprehending urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptual framework of child-friendly cities guarantees children's equal access to public urban services. Despite the widespread application of geographical information systems (GISs) and pedestrian network analysis, studies have yet to analyze children's comprehensive pedestrian access to urban services in a large-scale city. This study demonstrates GIS-based approaches to measuring children's pedestrian access to urban services using a pedestrian path layer and the spatial layers of social infrastructure locations in Seoul, South Korea. We show the spatial inequities in children's access to urban services, which depend on the locational characteristics of social infrastructures and the urban development patterns around children. We analyze how children's access to social infrastructures is differentiated by land use composition. Our statistical analysis finds that low-rise residential areas, consisting of impermeable street patterns, increase children's walking distance and restrict children from accessing urban services within their walkable area. In addition, there is potential for key infrastructures such as schools and local community centers to promote pedestrian access to urban services for children. Considering pedestrian access at the street level will help pinpoint vulnerable areas with children who have less access overall and maximize the users served within the service areas of infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In “Healthy China” 2030 Plan, the construction of healthy cities is considered as a critical strategy to build healthy China. The constructed Child-Friendly Cities (CFC) may provide children with a prioritized environment for survival and development, which promotes children′s well-beings. In this study, the definition of CFC and the significance of health promotion in the construction of CFC were briefly introduced; CFC construction-related practices in five main aspects of children′s health promotion (nutrition, mental health, early development, health behaviors, and injuries) in 29 cities of 12 foreign countries were reviewed; the experiences and limitations in CFC construction in several cities of China were also summarized. The study intends to provide a reference for CFC construction in China during the 14th FiveYear Plan period.

This study performs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on child-friendly cities (CFC) conducted from 2000 to 2022. It investigates the global and domestic research trends using two prominent databases, Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The study reveals increasing global and domestic research publications on CFC, demonstrating an expanding interest in the area. The contributions of this study are threefold. First, it describes the status of the CFC in two databases based on quantitative analysis and an intuitive visualization, identifying patterns, hotspots, trends, and gaps. Second, by comparing the two databases, we have the following four findings: (1) the advancement of CFC construction and research focus is linked to economic development; (2) collaborative efforts involving multiple parties are crucial for policy implementation and engaging children in decision making; (3) the two databases demonstrate differing research emphases on the environment; (4) it is essential to broaden the channels for child participation. Finally, we propose the PAF dynamic conceptual model call for the sustainable development of CFCs.

The USA continues with the largest number of Covid-19 confirmed cases and associated deaths worldwide. It is clear that health, recreation, political and education systems will not be the same in a post-Covid context. It is also clear that there are ongoing devastating effects on the rights and well-being of children and young people. Systemic racial, economic and political inequalities that existed before the pandemic are highlighted in stark relief and widened as a result of its differential impact on lower income young people and their families. The protracted US protests over racial inequities and police violence against young African Americans is perhaps the most virulent example of youth push back. The essay looks at the crisis at three different scales: national, state, and local. It suggests a way forward for young people in local places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present society values the protection and development of children’s creativity, and adopted measures in many aspects, but there are still many children’s ideas that are guided by mechanization, so that their creativity is bound, eventually making less likely to children’s development. Therefore, in the construction of children’s friendly cities, it is necessary to pay special attention to the protection and development of children’s creativity. In this paper, through a large number of cases, the protection and development of children’s creativity under the establishment of child-friendly cities were studied and discussed, and the construction principles and methods for this problem, as well as specific measures were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Existence of indicators of child-friendly city in urban space is one of the key indicators of sustainable urban development, its level and status indicate the degree of attention of policy makers, and urban affairs trustee to needs and wants of different segments of society, especially children as the future human capital of cities. Aim of this study is to investigate the situation of child-friendly cities, identify challenges and ways to improve it, as well as to investigate and analyze its relationship with quality, safety and security of required child-friendly uses in Jahrom. Methods: Present applied research has done using a combination of descriptive-analytical, correlational and causal methods. Statistical population of this study consists children aged 6 to 12 years living in Jahrom and sample of 372 persons has estimated using sample size estimation. Main research tool for collecting the required data is a researcher-made questionnaire and validity and reliability has confirmed by observing principles of field research methods. Results: Findings of study revealed that the situation of child-friendly cities with an average of 2.1 is significantly lower than the average level. Results of correlation between two variables of quality and safety and security of the uses required by children in the child-friendly city showed that calculated correlation with the values of 0.665 and 0.535 is significant and positive. Results of multivariate regression revealed that in the fitted model, 59.9% of the child-friendly city variance has explained by independent variables. Standardized regression coefficient of safety and security indicators and quality of required uses by children with values of 0.571 and 0.421 respectively were statistically significant. Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that the lack and weakness of quantity and quality of educational, sportive, recreational, health and security spaces required by children as well as lack of attention to opinions and demands of children in designing different spaces needed by them, hinders the realization of a child-friendly city in the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to solve these issues and problems by taking the necessary thoughts, because children are the main future assets of cities and it is necessary to meet their needs and wants as considerable.

Introduction: Children as a disabled group of society are educated or have fun in spaces and places that are not only inappropriate, but also in some cases involve dangers; and they need suitable places that meet the mental and psychological needs of children. Therefore, a childfriendly city has been proposed so that children can live in their favorite places and increase their participation in the city and their rights are not lost. Data and Method: The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptiveanalytical in terms of method. This is a descriptive-analytical research that has used library and field methods in collecting information. Statistical tests in SPSS software and fuzzy AHP multivariate model were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings from a single sample T to assess the physical-spatial dimension of adaptation of urban spaces for children based on the principles of child-friendly city in the areas of modiriat, Rassalat, Adib and Nasiriya according to the average obtained less than Basis (3) showed that the physical-spatial dimension of adaptation of urban spaces for children according to the principles of child-friendly city in these neighborhoods is not in a suitable and acceptable condition and only in Shafa neighborhood has an acceptable physical-spatial status. The results of fuzzy AHP model showed that the effective participation index with the tools of existence and expression of opinion in the organizational-institutional dimension with a normal weight of 0.331 in the first place and the greatest impact on adapting urban spaces for children based on child-friendly city principles in it has the city of Kerman. Conclusion: The results of one-sample T showed that the adaptation of urban spaces for children based on the principles of child-friendly city in the indicators of historical, cultural and religious identification, effective participation with the means of existence and expression of opinion with a mean lower than the base They are in an unfavorable situation. The results of this study consider that it is necessary to respect children in the city of Kerman and to express their views in urban planning in order to create suitable and desirable spaces for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cities and urban spaces can be either positive or negative locations for children. Neighborhoods must ideally be social places for children so that they can easily state the principles of communities and cultures and exchange them with children. This research aimed to study the status quo and the effectiveness of each of CFC indicators in order to evaluate the life satisfaction in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, we reviewed the CFC literature. Methods: This is an applied, descriptive survey researh. CFC's theoretical principles and literature were reviewed using the documentary studies. Then, the indicators were extracted and localized using the dimensions stated in the last UNICEF Report (2007) and valid sources in this regard. In the first stage, the status was reviewed by a field visit. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in order to assess the status quo and the effectiveness of indicators from the perspective of parents with 6-12 year-old children and children in some child-based questions. The statistical population consisted of 13 Municipal Districts of Mashhad, Iran. Districts 1, 6, and 8 were selected as the sample using clustering based on the municipal income in 2014. District 1 represents rich class; District 8 shows semi-rich class; and District 6 represents poor class. Data were analyzed by SPSS. To assess the hypothesis, firstly Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used in order to test the normality of the data and then T. test, Tukey test and ANOVA were employed to review the current situation and the impact indicators as well as the gap analysis. Results:The results indicated that the effects of the following indicators were not significant in the formation of CFC in Mashhad: Participation in decision-making, health, education, and culture. According to the UNICEF standards, the results of the status quo also showed that all indicators were ranked medium or medium-to-low regardless of quantitative scale using field observations. The measures were among those for developing and developed countries. In quantitative assessment, all indicators were greater than the statistical standard (number 3) except for Playground and Green Spaces Conclusion: Promoting welfare and healthy city indicators in CFCs requires the participation of all agencies. Municipality as the coordinator between authorities and training and educational bodies can play a key role in this regard. Urban management has come to the conclusion that children are prioritized and municipality is an important part of this element. Without participation, the ultimate goal, which is the healthy society, is not fulfilled.

Nowadays, spaces of cities have been shaped based on the principles of adult usage; that is, urban spaces mostly lack the quality for children usage or the characteristics of a child loving city. Considering the sensitivity of the teenage class, it is necessary to use the participation of adolescents in improving the quality of urban spaces for the presence of children. The main question raised in this study is what factors affect the participation of teenagers in the public spaces of the city of Abadeh. The survey is based on a statistical population consisting of all the teenagers aged 12 to 18 in that city. As many as 150 subjects were selected through systematic random sampling according to the Cochran formula. The research data were collected from expert opinions and a questionnaire. The research methodology was descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documents and field studies. The research is applied in terms of purpose. The results of the data analysis by the SWOT technique and the SPSS statistical software showed that the rate of the social participation of teenagers in public spaces is low. Also, the results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that creating urban special facilities in Abadeh can be effective in increasing the sense of safety in public spaces, and paying attention to child-loving city approaches is effective in decreasing social crimes among teenagers. To promote the participation in public spaces of Abadeh, suggestions are made for such measures as improving means of access and their security as well as increasing sport places and enhancing services and facilities.

The Provision of Green Open Spaces (GOS) as a playground for children as well as introducing environmental awareness is a concern in various regions. GOS is a facility from the local government to fulfil children’s rights in terms of growing and developing in a healthy and safe environment, especially for Brebes, which has declared themselves to be a Child-Friendly Region. Nevertheless, currently, Brebes only has 12 GOSs, which is around 15 per cent of its total area. It hampered by the contradictions between the standard requirements for GOS development and the alteration of land functions due to urbanisation in addition to the lack of community involvement in spatial planning between 2012 and 2017. The purpose of this study is to examine the optimisation of GOS in Brebes Regency from the perspective of environmental communication towards the positioning of Brebes as a child-friendly city; this research is a qualitative descriptive study using ethnographic methods and an environmental communication approach. The qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews, observations and the documentation of eight informants. The findings show that GOS Brebes currently functions as a media for child development. There are some obstacles in terms of optimising the spaces in Brebes because there are some behaviours that are not child-friendly and/or environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the GOS conditions in Brebes generally fulfil the principles of Child-Friendly Spaces (CFS) as the indicators of the optimal performance of GOS. In addition, communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure are important factors in terms of optimising child-friendly GOS in Brebes. Finally, cooperation between the government and the community members to create an ideal child-friendly GOS should be supported by clear regulations and policies, as well as communicated through the media appropriately and sustainably.

Introduction A child-friendly city is one of the theories of urban planning, in line with allocating citizenship rights to children and taking care of their wishes and needs, with the aim of creating an opportunity for children to shape or change their surroundings (Sardar Masri,897:2017). Many studies have been conducted in connection with child-friendly cities in recent years. For the first time in 2007, UNICEF introduced the city of Bendigo, Australia, as the first city to successfully implement child-friendly city projects. Bendigo was introduced as a city where attention to children's rights is the priority in solving urban problems (Kiani & esmailzade kavaki,2012:51). Examining cities' current situation indicates children's neglect in urban planning, especially in Iran (Ghaffari et al., 2014:27). This is even though children, in addition to being an essential part of society, are strongly influenced by the environment and space. One of the urban places that require special attention in this regard is parks and green spaces because they play an essential role in children's leisure time.The present article has examined the studies that have been conducted in the field of the child-friendly city since 1980. Since the 1920s, Western countries have shown early attention to children and their relationship with the environment, and since the 1990s, they have begun to build child-friendly cities, and currently, they have made positive achievements in both the theory and practical examples (Yao & Xiaoyan,2017:699). This research is more about assigning citizenship rights to children and providing for their needs. Today, the child-friendly city is at the top of decision-makers agenda in urban affairs.Therefore, this article examines children's chances to have a share in creating their environment and highlights their ideas, especially in green space design.Data and MethodThe main goal of this study is to identify the indicators of child-friendly green spaces and, in the next step, to measure the realization of child-oriented green spaces in Nazhvan in Isfahan. The method adopted to conduct the present research is descriptive, analytical, and based on the library method and field studies. For this purpose, using the library and documentary method and referring to the available sources in this field, this theory's intellectual and theoretical foundations were studied, and valuable indicators for creating child-friendly green spaces were identified. These indicators were extracted from different scientific sources (including books, articles, and scientific reports). The framework of indicators is produced by collecting all the indicators in a matrix and deducing the most frequent ones. As the main and most important indicators of children's green space, these indicators include security, participation, and sense of belonging, a healthy environment, creativity, interactive spaces, accessibility, variety of spaces, safety, and services. Then, the necessary information was collected by using the field method, including observation, interview, and completing the researcher-made questionnaire. The study sample was selected due to the uncertainty of the community's population size, which included the number of visitors to the green space; based on Cochran's formula in communities of unknown size, 384 cases were selected, including 200 children and 184 adults. Finally, data analysis was done using SPSS software and a T-test.The results of the research show that Nazhvan Park has nine defined components. Based on this, the criteria of a healthy environment, creativity, having interactive spaces, participation, and sense of belonging, security, accessibility, variety of spaces, safety, and services have obtained the highest to lowest points, respectively. In order to improve the level of child-oriented in Nazhvan Park, measures such as: improving the level of services, increasing children's playgrounds suitable for different age groups with high safety, designing and implementing intellectual, group, and various games in the park, improving the quality of access to the park from Through public transportation, it is suggested to improve the safety of the environment and increase the participation of children.Results and DiscussionThe results of the research show that Nazhvan Park has nine defined components. Based on this, the criteria of a healthy environment, creativity, having interactive spaces, participation, and sense of belonging, security, accessibility, variety of spaces, safety, and services have obtained the highest to lowest points, respectively.ConclusionIn order to improve the child-friendly approach in Nazhvan Park, some solutions were suggested, including the following: Improving the service level, increasing playgrounds suitable for children of different ages and groups and with high safety, applying and using all kinds of intellectual games in the park, improving the quality of access to the park through public transportation, improving environmental security and increasing Children's participation. Based on the obtained results, we can determine the score of Nazhvan Park in nine sections based on the opinions of children and adults. This result shows the strengths and weaknesses of the park in order to improve the situation according to the child-friendly approach.

Government has to pay attention to the fulfillment of children's rights because later they will determine the fate of the nation and state in the future. One of the things that can be done by the Government is by organizing a Child-Friendly City. One significant cluster related to the implementation of a Child-Friendly City is a cluster of essential health and well- being. The Depok City Government through the Health Office has made various efforts to support the realization of a Child-Friendly City in the health sector. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a post-positivist approach. Based on the results of the study, through the target approach in measuring organizational effectiveness by S. B Lubis and Martani Huseini, the Health Office has exceeded the goals set out in the Medium Term Development Plan. The achievement of these targets is inseparable from the factors that influence the organization in carrying out its performance. Based on McKinsey's theory, seven factors influence the Health Office to support Child-Friendly Cities, two of which have gone well, namely, the leader who motivate their subordinates and the budget and technology that supports the implementation of Child-Friendly Cities. But the other five factors have not gone well, namely the Health Office does not yet have a specific strategy related to Child-Friendly Cities, coordination that has not run optimally, lack of Human Resources both in terms of numbers and competencies and the absence of organizational culture specifically for the Office of Health in carrying out its functions. Therefore, the Health Office needs to make improvements from the factors that have not gone well so that Depok City can be a Child- Friendly City. Keywords: Child-Friendly City, Health Office, Depok City, Children's nutritional status, 7s Model

Children's home–school walks are a perfect opportunity for green routes and active transportation. However, the availability of greenery along them likely varies among different socio-economic status (SES) groups. If low-SES children have less exposure to greenery than others during these walks, this might represent environmental injustice in transportation. We assess socio-environmental inequalities regarding children's exposure to greenery in three alternative home–school routes: the shortest, simplest, and greenest. We used a mixed-method approach, linking viewshed analysis, space syntax and network analysis using multiple Lodz (Poland) datasets. Exposure to greenery along all three types of home–school routes is consistently lower for low-SES than high-SES children, signalling environmental injustice. In particular, even the greenest home–school routes of low-SES children are less green than the simplest and shortest ones of high-SES children. Combining the knowledge of pedestrian movement and environmental justice is needed to understand and address these injustices adequately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although old Arab cities were designed bottom-up to follow the needs of their users, public spaces for use by children were not fully considered. This paper is an outcome of a funded project that hosted 30 youth (aged 13–17 years old) from different parts of El Mina city, located in the North of Lebanon, Tripoli. The project’s aim was not limited to capacity building or designing a framework for youth participation as a vision for a child-friendly city alone, as it also demonstrated community participation with the youth to realize a design vision in an unused interstitial space by the youth in the ancient city of El Mina. The funded project consisted of many different stages; this paper focuses on the site selection, design process and the final stage of implementation. The results highlight the lessons learned from the youth’s participation, the adaptive reuse of interstitial spaces, in addition to the various interests of the project’s stakeholders. Santrauka Nors senieji Arabijos miestai buvo suprojektuoti principu „iš apačios į viršų“ siekiant patenkinti jų vartotojų poreikius, tačiau į viešąsias erdves, skirtas naudotis vaikams, nebuvo iki galo atsižvelgta. Šis straipsnis – tai rezultatas finansuoto projekto, kuriame dalyvavo 30 jaunuolių (13–17 metų amžiaus) iš skirtingų El Minos miesto, įsikūrusio Šiaurės Libane (Tripolyje), dalių. Projekto tikslas nebuvo varžomas kuriamų gebėjimų ar projektuojamos struktūros kaip vien tik vaikams palankaus miesto vizijos, skirtos jaunimui; projektu taip pat buvo pademonstruotas bendruomenės dalyvavimas, įsitraukiant jaunimui, siekiant įgyvendinti dizaino idėjas nenaudojamoje tarpinėje erdvėje senoviniame El Minos mieste. Finansuotą projektą sudarė daug skirtingų etapų; šiame straipsnyje susitelkiama į vietos parinkimą, projektavimo procesą ir galutinį įgyvendinimo etapą. Gauti rezultatai iliustruoja jaunimo dalyvavimo suteiktas pamokas, adaptyvų pakartotinį tarpinių erdvių naudojimą, be to, įvairius projekto suinteresuotų šalių interesus. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vaikams palankus miestas, kūrybinis mokymasis, El Mina (Tripolis), tarpinės erdvės, jaunimo dalyvavimas, jaunimo vizija.

Due to the effects of industrialization, urbanization and correspondingly aroused environmental degradation in this century, children cannot get involved in the urban life sufficiently. A good city is child-centered and child friendly from all aspects. Recently, studies concerning the importance of child participation are carried out for designing child friendly cities. Within this context, this study aims to obtain the views of children about the 'child friendly city' via a case study held in three different districts of Izmir. Tools of open-ended questions and drawing tasks are used in obtaining the views. The case study is planned in two stages. The first stage was held in two schools within the central city of Izmir one with low, and other with high socio-economic data. In these schools, yet there are no works or future plans of district municipalities on the issue of 'child friendly city'. The aim in here is to examine the impacts of socio-economic data on perception of children. The second stage of the study is held in Seferihisar, a peripheral district outside the center of Izmir. Known with its vision of slow city, Seferihisar Municipality has considered the issue of being 'a child friendly city' in its strategic plan and accomplished various works relatedly. Within this context, the impacts of municipal works on the perception of children are examined with a mid-level group irrespective of their socio-economic states. Comparing and later interpreting the results of this dual research, the views of children on 'child friendly city' are found out paving the way for evaluation of the children's views, which enables to take the first step for Izmir to reach the criteria of the child friendly city. The findings of the study involve important data for the future, to be of interest of architects and planners in particular.

The objective of this research is to reveal the concepts related to child-friendly city as perceived by parents in Denpasar City. The research method was normative research with conceptual approach and statute approach. The date collected by library research while the analysis data done by descriptive method. The research result indicated that the concepts related to child-friendly city are explored and grouped through a factor analysis. From the process of factor analysis, four measures of ideal urban environment related to child-friendly city can be identified. They are policy, protection, environment and planning for children. The first three concepts are well suited with the Indonesian national policy on child-friendly city. Whereas the last concept, planning for children, needs special attention as a part of the existing concept of policy, or it should be an independent concept that needs to be accomodated in planning norms, standards, procedures and manuals in an urban environment. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui konsep terkait Kota Layak Anak sebagaimana dipersepsikan orang tua di Kota Denpasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Data dikumpulkan melalui penelitian kepustakaan, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep terkait Kota Layak Anak digali dan dikelompokan melalui analisis dari faktornya. Dari proses faktor analisis ini, empat pengukuran lingkungan perkotaan yang ideal terkait dengan Kota Layak Anak dapat diidentifikasi. Faktor itu adalah kebijakan, perlindungan, lingkungan dan perencanaan untuk anak-anak. Tiga dari konsep pertama sangat sesuai dengan kebijakan Nasional Indonesia tentang Kota Layak Anak. Sedangkan konsep yang terakhir, perencanaan untuk anak-anak, membutuhkan perhatian khusus sebagai bagian dari konsep yang ada dari kebijakan saat ini atau harus dijadikan konsep yang bebas yang perlu ditampung dalam ketentuan-ketentuan perencanaan, standard, prosedur dan manual pada lingkungan perkotaan.

Problem complexity and interest diversity often cause a city not able to accommodate its population’s needs, among which are the children's needs. It has initiated the idea of the child-friendly city, which got a positive response from the Indonesian government, proven by the policy of child-friendly city/ regency. Surakarta is one of the cities having a strong commitment to being a child-friendly city; however, the implementation has not been comprehensive to the level of neighborhood unit. Elementary school is an essential social infrastructure for children that should be available at a neighborhood unit. However, problems are still there, such as the capacity of elementary schools that is below the national standard and also the children's less safety and comfort in accessing the schools. This paper assesses the suitability of elementary school as a social infrastructure in supporting a child-friendly Surakarta based on four criteria, namely, (a) the serving capacity of the education facility, (b) the safe and comfortable access, (c) the completeness of the elementary schools, and (d) the prevalent access including for disabled children. The suitability measurement was done by using scoring analysis from the results of the field observation as well as the citizens’ and the children's perceptions. The scoring results have shown that most of the elementary schools in Surakarta are still not suitable with the criteria so that they have not been able to support Surakarta as a child-friendly city.

This article sought to develop a critical account of the ever-increasing role of ICTs in cities and urban governance discourses, captured by a growing interest to ‘smarten up’ our cities, for their inclusiveness of citizens more broadly, and that of children, in particular. In revisiting rights-based approaches, it gives particular attention to the (political) premises of two urban concepts, that is, child-friendly cities and smart cities. The focus here is on how these current concepts encompass and direct the make-up of children′s relationship to the city, which brings the question to the fore of ‘whose version is it?’ A predominant provider′s perspective and a normative discourse are revealed which seem to overlook emergent logics of children′s social needs and experiences in the city. It is therefore proposed to revisit and revise our existing ideas, thus critiquing the current potential of the emerging ‘rights-based’ agendas in improving outcomes for children by urging cities to become child-friendly in their smart city ideals.

This study is about child-friendly city (KLA). This research is motivated by the lack of attention of the local government in protecting children and the issuance of Law No. 35 of 2014 on Protection of Children, which mandates local government obligations in the care of the child. This study sought to describe the various efforts made by the government of Surakarta and Makassar in realizing the KLA, the following supporting factors and obstacles surrounding the KLA embodiment. By using descriptive method and combine it with a qualitative approach, this study found some important points about the efforts of local governments in realizing the KLA. In Surakarta, for example, there have been several child-friendly community health centers (puskesmas). The Puskesmas is equipped with a private lounge complete with a children’s playground. In addition, services for children such as nutrition garden, corner of breast milk, pediatrician, child counselling services and a child abuse victim services also continue to be equipped, and many other programs. No wonder the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection Republic of Indonesia assessment scoring 713 from a total value of 31 indicators contained in the KLA who had filled the city of Surakarta. Meanwhile, Makassar City has not done a lot of local government programs, because the relatively new Makassar proclaimed KLA and is still central to reform. Among the new programs are being implemented and the Government of Makassar is giving birth certificate free of charge, to build flats in slums, and make the two villages as a pilot project KLA. The factors that affect the embodiment of the KLA it is a commitment. Not only the commitment of the head region, but also all relevant parties. As a cross cutting issue, the KLA also requires institutional capacity. Not only is the capacity of Women Empowerment and Child Protection Agency as a leading sector in the KLA, but also all work units other related areas. The success of the KLA in a city / county is also very dependent on the commitment of all parties concerned built. In addition, the program can not be done KLA in a short time, and require no small cost.