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Depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle, de Herbert Spencer àJean Piaget, une conception évolutionniste et libérales'est imposée en matière d'éducation familiale etscolaire. En rupture avec le passé, leur idéal progressistea permis de transformer en profondeur les sciencesdu développement de l'enfant ainsi que les façonsd'intervenir dans les milieux scolaires et auprèsdes familles. Un moment décisif de ce paradigmeévolutionniste fut celui qui considère l'enfant commeune personne intrinsèquement autonome. Ce dernier nedevrait jamais subir de contraintes d'une autorité adulte,car les contraintes externes, non négociées, limiteraientson développement intellectuel et affectif. Cet ouvrage propose d'étudier les aspects normatifs,scientifi ques et moraux qui se sont imposés à l'èreindustrielle pour interroger les pratiques actuelles. Eneffet, comment ne pas voir que l'école et les services àla petite enfance découlent toujours de constructions,de symboles et de médiations sociohistoriques?Même si l'on ne mesure pas formellement ces rapportssociosymboliques chargés d'histoire, ceux-ci formenttoujours la toile de fond de la vie scolaire et familiale. Pour approfondir cette piste, l'auteur se réfère à Vygotskijqui, comme éducateur et comme pédologue, critique aveccohérence et profondeur les limites des savoirs positivisteset évolutionnistes. N'est-il pas évident que le jeune enfant,même devenu élève, n'est pas libre et autonome, maisle deviendra par sa capacité à s'approprier les diversinstruments psychologiques et culturels? Cette conditionsociohistorique de l'acquisition et de la transmission entreles générations est anthropologiquement inscrite dans letissu de nos sociétés.

Get the Summary of Michaeleen Doucleff's Hunt, Gather, Parent in 20 minutes. Please note: This is a summary & not the original book. Original book introduction: In Hunt, Gather, Parent, Doucleff sets out with her three-year-old daughter in tow to learn and practice parenting strategies from families in three of the world's most venerable communities: Maya families in Mexico, Inuit families above the Arctic Circle, and Hadzabe families in Tanzania. She sees that these cultures don't have the same problems with children that Western parents do. Most strikingly, parents build a relationship with young children that is vastly different from the one many Western parents develop - it's built on cooperation instead of control, trust instead of fear, and personalized needs instead of standardized development milestones. Maya parents are masters at raising cooperative children. Without resorting to bribes, threats, or chore charts, Maya parents rear loyal helpers by including kids in household tasks from the time they can walk. Inuit parents have developed a remarkably effective approach for teaching children emotional intelligence. When kids cry, hit, or act out, Inuit parents respond with a calm, gentle demeanor that teaches children how to settle themselves down and think before acting. Hadzabe parents are world experts on raising confident, self-driven kids with a simple tool that protects children from stress and anxiety, so common now among American kids.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The oldest cultures in the world have mastered the art of raising happy, well-adjusted children. What can we learn from them? “Hunt, Gather, Parent is full of smart ideas that I immediately wanted to force on my own kids.” —Pamela Druckerman, The New York Times Book Review When Dr. Michaeleen Doucleff becomes a mother, she examines the studies behind modern parenting guidance and finds the evidence frustratingly limited and often ineffective. Curious to learn about more effective parenting approaches, she visits a Maya village in the Yucatán Peninsula. There she encounters moms and dads who parent in a totally different way than we do—and raise extraordinarily kind, generous, and helpful children without yelling, nagging, or issuing timeouts. What else, Doucleff wonders, are Western parents missing out on? In Hunt, Gather, Parent, Doucleff sets out with her three-year-old daughter in tow to learn and practice parenting strategies from families in three of the world's most venerable communities: Maya families in Mexico, Inuit families above the Arctic Circle, and Hadzabe families in Tanzania. She sees that these cultures don't have the same problems with children that Western parents do. Most strikingly, parents build a relationship with young children that is vastly different from the one many Western parents develop—it's built on cooperation instead of control, trust instead of fear, and personalized needs instead of standardized development milestones. Maya parents are masters at raising cooperative children. Without resorting to bribes, threats, or chore charts, Maya parents rear loyal helpers by including kids in household tasks from the time they can walk. Inuit parents have developed a remarkably effective approach for teaching children emotional intelligence. When kids cry, hit, or act out, Inuit parents respond with a calm, gentle demeanor that teaches children how to settle themselves down and think before acting. Hadzabe parents are experts on raising confident, self-driven kids with a simple tool that protects children from stress and anxiety, so common now among American kids. Not only does Doucleff live with families and observe their methods firsthand, she also applies them with her own daughter, with striking results. She learns to discipline without yelling. She talks to psychologists, neuroscientists, anthropologists, and sociologists and explains how these strategies can impact children's mental health and development. Filled with practical takeaways that parents can implement immediately, Hunt, Gather, Parent helps us rethink the ways we relate to our children, and reveals a universal parenting paradigm adapted for American families.

For more than fifty years, the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute has conducted groundbreaking research that revolutionized the field of early childhood care and education. Based on presentations made at FPG's 50th anniversary symposium, this essential reference looks back on the Institute’s trailblazing history, analyzes contemporary issues in child development, and recommends critical new research directions. More than a dozen high-profile contributors thoroughly examine the three themes of the anniversary symposium: early care and education, diversity, and children with disabilities and their families. Readers will learn from in-depth chapters on:understanding the social, cultural, educational, and political forces that affect children’s outcomes meeting the challenge of serving diverse populations as U.S. demographics shift preparing practitioners to work with young dual language learners improving connections between the knowledge base and professional practice strengthening the early childhood workforce through effective professional development analyzing decades of research and policy and examining ways to support continuous improvement A celebration of progress and a compelling call to action for the next generation of professionals, this important volume is a must for researchers, policy makers, and faculty. Whether used as a textbook or a reference, this book will help shape the future of the early childhood field—and improve outcomes for tomorrow's young children and families.

Are child-care centres good for children? How can we provide good day-care? Feminists have long argued for the provision of day-care facilities so that mothers may be free to work outside the home. The call had enjoyed little support from politicians and experts, however. Feminists had been seen to stand for women's interests, and psychologists and pedagogues for children's – as if the two were opposed. Only in the early 1990s had the opinions of politicians and experts begun to change. Yet, even so, a positive policy on day-care was still lacking. Originally published in 1992, Elly Singer's exciting book shed a fresh and critical light on its subject. She exposes the preoccupations and contradictions of mainstream developmental psychology and its experts, shows how their theories blind them to many important questions, and reveals the almost total denial by mainstream psychology of the daily realities of parents and their children at the time. Elly Singer then proposes fresh ways of thinking to meet the new and different circumstances in which children and parents find themselves in contemporary society.

Há teorizações consistentes que explicam que a deficiência em si não é necessariamente um obstáculo à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento. Os impedimentos são antes decorrentes das relações sociais que do fator físico/biológico em si. Mesmo que esse fator apresente certos limites, são as relações entre os seres humanos de dada época, cultura e classe social que favorecerão ou dificultarão àqueles que se encontrem sob a condição da deficiência de se apropriarem daquilo que já foi criado e conquistado pela humanidade. Também se destaca que antes de se educar uma criança cega ou com alguma outra deficiência, é preciso enxergar e educar a criança, como sugere L. S. Vigotski. Considerando essa perspectiva, nota-se quanto há ainda por se fazer nos âmbitos da formação e da atuação de psicólogos, pedagogos, professores etc. Assim, por seu conteúdo, considera-se que este livro possa contribuir para os estudos dos envolvidos e interessados na Educação Especial sob a perspectiva da Teoria Histórico-Cultural.

Bioarchaeological studies of children have, until recently, centered on population data-driven topics like mortality rates and growth and morbidity patterns. This volume examines emerging issues in childhood studies, looking at historic and prehistoric contexts and framing questions about the nature and quality of children's lives. How did they develop their social identity? Were they economic actors in early civilizations? Does their health reflect the larger community?Comparing and contrasting field research from a variety of sites across Europe and the Americas, the contributors to this volume demonstrate that children not only have unique experiences but they also share, cross-culturally, in daily struggles. Their lives differ significantly from those of adults due to disparate social identities and variable growth needs. In some of the cases presented, this is the first time that child remains have been examined in any detail, making Tracing Childhood an essential resource for scholars and researchers in this growing field.

In 1900, Ellen Key wrote the international bestseller The Century of the Child. In this enormously influential book, she proposed that the world's children should be the central work of society during the twentieth century. Although she never thought that her'century of the child'would become a reality, in fact it had much more resonance than she could have imagined.The idea of the child as a product of a protective and coddling society has given rise to major theories and arguments since Key's time. For the past half century, the study of the child has been dominated by two towering figures, the psychologist Jean Piaget and the historian Philippe Ariès. Interest in the subject has been driven in large measure by Ariès's argument that adults failed even to have a concept of childhood before the thirteenth century, and that from the thirteenth century to the seventeenth there was an increasing'childishness'in the representations of children and an increasing separation between the adult world and that of the child. Piaget proposed that children's logic and modes of thinking are entirely different from those of adults. In the twentieth century this distance between the spheres of children and adults made possible the distinctive study of child development and also specific legislation to protect children from exploitation, abuse, and neglect. Recent students of childhood have challenged the ideas those titans promoted; they ask whether the distancing process has gone too far and has begun to reverse itself.In a series of essays, Beyond the Century of the Child considers the history of childhood from the Middle Ages to modern times, from America and Europe to China and Japan, bringing together leading psychologists and historians to question whether we unnecessarily infantilized children and unwittingly created a detrimental wall between the worlds of children and adults. Together these scholars address the question whether, a hundred years after Ellen Key wrote her international sensation, the century of the child has in fact come to an end.

What constitutes a'normal'child? Throughout the nineteenth century public health and paediatrics played a leading role in the image and conception of children. By the twentieth century psychology had moved to the forefront, transforming our thinking and understanding. André Turmel investigates these transformations both from the perspective of the scientific observation of children (public hygiene, paediatrics, psychology and education) and from a public policy standpoint (child welfare, health policy, education and compulsory schooling). Using detailed historical accounts from Britain, the USA and France, Turmel studies how historical sequential development and statistical reasoning have led to a concept of what constitutes a'normal'child and resulted in a form of standardization by which we monitor children. He shows how western society has become a child-centred culture and asks whether we continue to base parenting and teaching on a view of children that is no longer appropriate.