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Indigenous Child and Youth Care: Weaving Two Heart Stories Together by Cherylanne James is discussed in this review as a critical contribution to child and youth care education in Canada. James's Indigenous feminist orientation invites child and youth care students to unlearn colonial narratives, to instead center Indigenous approaches to care. The reviewer highlights the effectiveness of James's approach in engaging in "difficult knowledge" with learners to foster relational accountability, and shares how this approach models "journeying," moving from deficitcentered orientations toward Indigenous-led, desirebased approaches for decolonial care. The text guides child and youth care students to reflect critically on their role in supporting Indigenous futurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a process review of a two-year collaborative self-study (CSS) project, piloting a Critical Inclusion CSS model (CICSS). In bringing together the voices of six co-researchers, stage 1 of this project unpacked diverse experiences and insights into a simulation-based/service-user involved teaching model in child and youth care education. In stage 2 the researchers explore, through both written form and graphic narrative, the dynamics and learnings of our collaborative process. Through analysis of meeting transcripts, field notes and multi-directional interviews, we explore the potentials and implications of CICSS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situations with important and often complex ethical dimensions arise daily in child and youth care, the professional umbrella under which residential child care is located in some countries, including Canada, parts of the United States, South Africa, and Australia. Consideration of these ethical dimensions requires deliberation, that includes consideration of both internal and external factors, which can be difficult given that the situations involved often evoke intense feelings for the practitioner. This article presents a model for ethical decision making that is rooted in the core child and youth care values of reflexivity and relationality.

The importance of preparing young people for independent adulthood is widely acknowledged in care-leaving literature. Within the residential care setting, child and youth care workers play a crucial role in preparing young people for life after care, by affording them managed opportunities for independence. However, preparation generally receives limited attention in residential care, due to institutional factors that hinder preparation. Research that focuses on the experiences of child and youth care workers who work with children in residential care is also limited, despite their contribution to preparing young people for independent functioning. This paper aims to describe institutional barriers experienced by child and youth care workers in their efforts to afford young people in care, managed opportunities for independence. A qualitative, grounded theory methodology was employed to collect and analyze data. Nine child and youth care workers were purposively sampled from several Child and Youth Care Centres in South Africa. Findings indicate that lack of professional credibility, inadequate mandate, possible negative consequences for child and youth care workers, and funding constraints are barriers to the practice of managed opportunities for independence in residential care. Implications for residential care program and child and youth care practice are set out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professionalisation of child and youth care (CYC) has long been an important milestone for the profession. This article will further add to the voices of child and youth care workers (CYCWs) about this process. It focuses on and explores the perspectives of CYCWs in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, on the process of CYC professionalisation. The researchers conducted an in-depth qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 12 purposely selected CYCWs from different children’s homes in eThekwini. Their perspectives showed that there is still a lack of understanding of the concept and that there are aspects of CYC professionalisation that still have not been achieved while others have. The research findings revealed that the process of CYC professionalisation is important for the growth, status, and continuous stability of the CYC profession. The researchers concluded that the research findings highlighted will offer important insight for the stabilisation of the CYC profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Situations with important and often complex ethical dimensions arise daily in child and youth care, the professional umbrella under which residential child care is located in some countries, including Canada, parts of the United States, South Africa, and Australia. Consideration of these ethical dimensions requires deliberation, that includes consideration of both internal and external factors, which can be difficult given that the situations involved often evoke intense feelings for the practitioner. This article presents a model for ethical decision making that is rooted in the core child and youth care values of reflexivity and relationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the progress of the social service professions delivering developmental social welfare in South Africa, a subject we have followed closely over the last 20 years. Being policy‐driven, developmental social welfare stemmed from expert social analyses that resulted in technically oriented solutions, including the broadening of social service professions. Twenty years on, it is hard to see developmental social welfare, as envisaged in government policy, in action, since the practice reality does not differ drastically from the prior apartheid system with the government's heavy reliance on social security as a poverty‐alleviation measure. The expanded social security budget has led to underfunded services and a crisis for social service professionals. This paper focuses on the regulated professions of social workers, and child and youth care workers. Our examination of critical issues for these occupational groups revealed that South Africa still has a long way to go in building a strong social service workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For children and young people living in residential and secure care, there are links between the relationships they have with Child and Youth Care Workers and positive outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Child and Youth Care Workers in order to ascertain the factors which enhance and inhibit their ability to have an impact upon the children and young people they support. Six Child and Youth Care Workers from a residential and secure care establishment were interviewed and thematic analysis was used to elicit key themes in the data. The study highlighted three themes: Empowering Factors, Inhibiting Factors and Supportive Practice. The themes suggest that Child and Youth Care Workers have qualities which they feel help them to impact positively upon young people, however there are also many challenges which inhibit this. They also highlight possible areas of development. This data may help residential and secure care establishments to understand the importance of the Child and Youth Care Workers' qualities and the challenges and demands of the role, and to highlight the additional support required.

In this study, we examined Child and Youth Care (CYC) students' retrospective perceptions of their adolescence, including communication with their parents, peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior, and identity-exploration experiences, compared to those of students in the teacher-training track. Moreover, we examined a model, in which the association between these perceptions and the students' choice of the CYC track is mediated by extrinsic motives. The sample included 158 students, 92 of them in the CYC track and 66 in the teacher-training track. The CYC students reported lower levels of communication with their parents and higher levels of positive peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior and identity-exploration experiences during adolescence. A significant difference was found in motives for choice of profession: CYC students reported lower levels of extrinsic motivation than the student-teachers. The model indicated that the association between communication with parents and choice of CYC studies was mediated by involvement in risk-taking behavior and extrinsic motives, while the association between peer relationships and choice of CYC studies was mediated by identity-exploration experiences and extrinsic motives. The findings have practical implications for student training, suggesting that emphasis be placed on the continuous and consistent connection between personal experiences and professional development—for the benefit of both CYC students and their target population: at-risk children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child and Youth Care is a challenging field characterized by intensive daily involvement with youth at risk. It belongs to the wider area of helping professions but has its distinct attributes related to clients' characteristics and working environment. Objective: This study explores how Child and Youth Care workers in Israel experience their work with youth, its goals, the challenges involved in it, and how they cope with them. Method: The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. The data was gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 34 Child and Youth Care workers and analyzed in accordance with the phenomenological data analysis approach. Results: The interview analysis yielded four themes related to participants' perceptions of their work: Child and Youth Care workers' job definition, the personal meaning they ascribe to their work, factors that challenge their satisfaction with their work, and factors that help them cope with these challenges. Conclusions: The workers see their job as an important part of their lives and as a source of satisfaction and meaning. This experience involves several youth-related, workplace-related and personal difficulties and benefits, conceptualized in terms of risk and resilience factors. The balanced interplay between these factors enables the workers to cope with the high physical and psychological demands of their job and facilitates an enhanced sense of meaningfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziale Passagen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziale Passagen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The number of young people admitted to child and youth care centres is constantly increasing in South Africa. These are young people who might have experienced extreme trauma related to abuse, neglect, abandonment, family dysfunction, loss of a parent or caregiver, or those with behavioural challenges and therefore in need of residential care. Child and youth care workers are trained to assist and care for them. The provision of this care presupposes key tasks with behaviour management being one of them. In this study, we explored the adequacy and efficacy of training offered to child and youth care workers and their preparedness to successfully cope with their behaviour management tasks. It focused on the educational preparation of child and youth care workers to assist young people with behaviour management challenges in child and youth care centres. A qualitative approach with an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used in this study. The population comprised child and youth care workers in KwaZulu-Natal who are working in residential child and youth care centres, and the sample size was suspended at 21 participants because of data saturation. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct individual telephonic interviews to collect data. The data collected were analysed using Tesch's eight steps of analysis. In this study, we found that the main gap was in integrating and applying theory and practice resulting in difficulties to manage tasks relating to young people's challenging behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an integrative (or braided) approach to Indigenous youth mental health, designed in response to a synthesis of knowledge from three systematic literature reviews and four informant consultations with mental health providers in various disciplines. The braided approach includes core principles of Indigenous Healing models (IH), Child and Youth Care (CYC) approaches, and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) practices. The purpose of this approach is to best serve the mental and spiritual health needs of Indigenous youth across Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings of this research project informed the design and implementation of an online Indigenous youth mental health program, which is discussed in relation to the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Child and Youth Care (CYC) sees itself as a field that embraces diversity and complexity, there is a notable lack of discussion of sexual and gender diversity: queer and trans topics are rarely taken up across CYC research, practice, and pedagogy. Through a systematic literature review of articles published between 2010 and early 2020 in six journals with a focus on CYC practice, research, and theory, this article assesses how queer, trans, Two-Spirit, and nonbinary identities and topics are being discussed in the current CYC literature and reveals a conspicuous absence of publication on these topics. In a 10-year period, across six CYC publications comprising over 4000 published articles, only 36 articles focused on queer and LGBT issues (by covering both sexual and gender diversity) and, of those, only eight articles specifically focused on gender diversity or trans topics. No articles were found within any of the reviewed publications that specifically focused on Two-Spirit identities or topics and only one article mentioned nonbinary identities. Through exploring how and where queer and trans, Two-Spirit, and nonbinary identities and topics are being discussed, this review asks how we as a CYC field might begin to make space for these topics within our field and practice, in order to work towards social change that shifts our field and challenges the cis-heteronormative CYC system.

Assessing family care work is an extremely complex task, full of risks (because it concerns people’s life). It requires sensitivity, great self-awareness and awareness of one's own prejudices and of one’s own idea of family. In order to make an assessment professionals must have a curious attitude, capable of constantly seeking connections between interacting subjects, and these subjects include the observer him/herself, his/her thoughts and epistemology. This paper presents the reflections emerging from a high level inservice training course aimed at care and education professionals, based on narrative and reflective methodologies.

Copyright of Discourse: Journal of Childhood & Adolescense Research / Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay aims at connecting child and youth care (CYC) to U.S. teacher education, educator pathways, and schooling in the United States. Further, this essay addresses Wolfgang Vachon's call to push the boundaries of CYC, specifically in queering the field. I offer ways U.S. teacher education contexts and practices might be considered as guidance in supporting queer identities in CYC. I posit that there is a corporeal pedagogy that queer CYC practitioners enact that is effected beyond simple visibilities, and that they sustain their own identities and survival in CYC spaces through this practice. I also offer a testimonio of my practice as an out genderqueer, Chinese Mexican teacher educator who works in U.S. field-based teacher training and after-school CYC spaces. Further, I argue for critical engagement with curricula and field work in our training programs and make a call for training programs to support CYC practitioners in sustaining their queer identities. Finally, I argue for a need to continue to archive -- and perhaps rescue -- the practices and collective memories of queer CYC practitioners in order to advance a meaningful sustaining of queer identities in CYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arguably, from the invention of adolescence at the beginning of the 20th century, developmental theory has served as the foundation of disciplinary study and professional practice with children and youth across the global West. Despite their founders' assertions that development is culturally constructed, in educational and youth work practice contexts stage-based trajectories of normative human growth are largely erroneously accepted as ahistorical, apolitical, naturally occurring, and universally applicable. This paper presents critiques of developmentalism from historical, reconceptualist, and queer perspectives, calling into question the underlying principles of normalcy and abnormality that run through the developmental project. We pay particular attention to the potential of queer theory as an analytic to deconstruct developmentalism in the context of child and youth care, opening new possibilities for critical engagement with children and youth outside the context of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Child and Youth Care (CYC) sees itself as a field that embraces diversity and complexity, there is a notable lack of discussion of sexual and gender diversity: queer and trans topics are rarely taken up across CYC research, practice, and pedagogy. Through a systematic literature review of articles published between 2010 and early 2020 in six journals with a focus on CYC practice, research, and theory, this article assesses how queer, trans, Two-Spirit, and nonbinary identities and topics are being discussed in the current CYC literature and reveals a conspicuous absence of publication on these topics. In a 10-year period, across six CYC publications comprising over 4000 published articles, only 36 articles focused on queer and LGBT issues (by covering both sexual and gender diversity) and, of those, only eight articles specifically focused on gender diversity or trans topics. No articles were found within any of the reviewed publications that specifically focused on Two-Spirit identities or topics and only one article mentioned nonbinary identities. Through exploring how and where queer and trans, Two-Spirit, and nonbinary identities and topics are being discussed, this review asks how we as a CYC field might begin to make space for these topics within our field and practice, in order to work towards social change that shifts our field and challenges the cis-heteronormative CYC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child and youth care practitioners are likely to encounter issues of suicidality. Practitioners play an important role in the well-being of youth; thus, mental health literacy, and suicide prevention education in particular, should be an integral part of child and youth care pedagogy and curricular practices in higher education programs. With the aim of explicating a social process of learning and applying mental health literacy, this grounded theory study examined how a curriculum specifically designed for child and youth care practitioners is subsequently applied in suicide or mental health interventions. Thirteen students enrolled in youth work courses at a large university in Eastern Canada participated in the 18-month study in 2015 and 2016. Informed by critical and social literacy theories, conceptualizations of mental health literacy, and experiential pedagogy within higher education, analysis of the data identified a process of becoming and being in youth work comprising two subcategories: struggling to become a youth worker, and being a youth worker. Conditions, such as particular pedagogical strategies and specific content, served to shape and influence the process and, consequently, participants' movement therein. The inclusion of a suicide intervention learning activity was a condition that influenced participants' learning processes, yet also reflected a struggle with the dialectical position of presence and procedure. Recommendations and insights are discussed with the aim of enhancing pedagogical approaches to suicide intervention within child and youth care higher education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study offers a preliminary investigation into a simulation-based, service-user-involved teaching model within a post-secondary child and youth care program. Using the method of collaborative self-study, this research draws on the diverse perspectives of six co-researchers, documenting our experience of this model through the lenses of student, professor, youth trainer, and facilitator. This study uses praxis (the cycle of action and reflection) and dialogic learning (learning through dialogue) to unpack personal and professional questions of expertise, participation, professional development, and anti-oppressive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capstone courses often focus on applied learning, typically practicum experiences such as internships. However, students do not always benefit as much as they could from their internships because teaching and learning resources are not used optimally. This paper explores the use of project-based learning in a capstone course of the Graduate Diploma in Youth Work program at Concordia University that includes an in-class seminar and an internship in a human services agency. Using the principles of context authenticity and cognitive apprenticeship from the Authentic Situated Learning and Teaching (ASLT) framework, we examine the experiences of two cohorts of interns (24 students in all). An analysis of their final papers and participation in a focus group, as well as the results of the university's course evaluation, suggests that the ASLT framework contributes to the transfer of learning in a professional setting. Furthermore, the use of the psychoeducative model to structure active pedagogies in a youth work capstone course provides a means for planning therapeutic activities and organizing intervention programs that help develop competencies to work in diverse settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advocacy is an integral part of child and youth care workers' roles and a significant component of child and youth care politicized praxis and radical youth work. Drawing from the qualitative data of a mixed-methods study conducted in 2019 at a Canadian metropolitan university, this study seeks to unpack how the pedagogy of the lightning talk can foster advocacy skills to effectively and spontaneously speak out with and on behalf of children, youth, and families in everyday practice when an unforeseen systemic challenge or barrier arises. A purposive sample of 70 undergraduate students was recruited in two child and youth care courses, both of which required students to present a lightning talk. Participants completed an online questionnaire with closed-ended and open-ended questions in order to share their perspectives of the pedagogy of the lightning talk. The findings show that the lightning talk fosters twenty-first century and metacognitive skills and, most importantly, advocacy skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, using in-depth, semi-structured, collaborative dialogues, I asked 11 child and youth care practitioners working in various Canadian provinces, including British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario, "How do you understand, name, reproduce, contest, and struggle with White settler privilege?" The intent was to name and challenge the dominant Whitestream norms in child and youth care. This project was inspired by the significant work of Indigenous and racialized activist- scholars to address the ongoing overrepresentation of Indigenous families across colonial systems in which child and youth care practitioners work, such as the child welfare and justice systems, and the underrepresentation in others, such as educational systems. Participants named colonial violence and systemic racism as entrenched in child and youth care practice while recognizing the difficulty of challenging dominant White norms and conventions in the classroom and field. I explore how this key finding unsettles child and youth care pedagogy and practice. In closing, I propose two practical ethical pathways towards unsettling White settler privilege in child and youth care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Part 2 of a two-paper series, we extend our learning on land- and water-based pedagogies from Part 1 to outline broader debates about upholding resurgence in frontline practice with Indigenous children, youth, and families. This article shares key learning from an Indigenous land- and waterbased institute held from 2019 to 2020 that was facilitated by knowledge keepers from local First Nations and coordinated by faculty mentors from the School of Child and Youth Care at the University of Victoria. The purpose of the one-year institute was to convene a circle of Indigenous graduate students and faculty to engage in land- and water-based learning and meaningful mentoring connections with Indigenous Old Ones, Elders, and knowledge keepers. Students participated in land- and water-based activities and ceremonies, learning circles, and writing workshops, and were invited to develop and share culturally grounded frameworks to inform their frontline practice with children, youth, families, and communities. Drawing on a storytelling approach to share our learning from this institute, we explore the praxis and challenges of resurgence in deeply damaging colonial contexts. Our individual and collective reflections on Indigenous landbased pedagogies focus on local knowledges, our own diverse perspectives and frontline work, and ethical land and community engagements as integral to resurgent Indigenous practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins with a critical exploration, from the location of a settler, of how land acknowledgements and practices of self-location function in child and youth care teaching and learning. I critically examine settler practices of acknowledgement, self-location, appropriation, consciousness-raising, and allyship. I use the concepts of settler ethics and responsibilities to underline the importance of accountability in child and youth care pedagogy. I argue that settlers have a responsibility to take action within the challenging ethical landscape of teaching and learning within the settler colonial context. My overall aim is to contribute to the critical and decolonizing literature in child and youth care from the location of a settler educator and child and youth care practitioner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents reflections from an Indigenous land- and waterbased institute held from 2019 to 2020 for Indigenous graduate students. The institute was coordinated by faculty in the School of Child and Youth Care at the University of Victoria and facilitated by knowledge keepers in local W_ SÁNEĆ and T'Sou-ke nation territories. The year-long institute provided land-based learning, sharing circles, online communication, and editorial mentoring in response to a lack of Indigenous pedagogies and the underrepresentation of Indigenous graduate students in frontline postsecondary programs. While Indigenous faculty and students continue to face significant, institutionally entrenched barriers to postsecondary education, we also face growing demands for Indigenous-focused learning, research, and practice. In this article, Part 1 of a two-paper series on Indigenous land- and water-based learning and practice, we draw on a storytelling approach to share our individual and collective reflections on the benefits and limitations of Indigenous land- and water-based pedagogies. Our stories and analysis amplify our integration of Indigenous ways of being and learning, with a focus on local knowledges and more ethical land and community engagements as integral to Indigenous postsecondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child and youth care workers deal with the psychosocial challenges experienced by young people in their care and may as a result themselves experience stress, anxiety and depression. This paper explores the psychosocial challenges experienced by child and youth care workers in South Africa, and the coping strategies that they apply. A collective case study design within a qualitative approach was used. Purposive sampling was used, with the sample consisting of 93 participants from government and non-governmental organisations based in rural, semi-urban and urban areas across the six provinces of South Africa. An interview schedule was designed to collect qualitative data from 11 focus group interviews. Data analysis was divided into data reduction, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions. Psychosocial challenges identified by the participants were the inability to disengage from the work environment, disengagement from social activities, personal trauma, invasion of personal boundaries, and emotional well-being issues. The following broad coping strategies were identified: non-existent coping mechanisms, personal missions, substance abuse, withdrawal, and thoughts of quitting. Child and youth care workers experience a range of psychosocial challenges but have established a range of mostly adequate and contextually relevant coping strategies. The paper recommends that child and youth care workers find a healthy balance between their personal and professional life, timeously seek psychosocial support, and keep on developing themselves to acquire skills that will enhance their practice and broaden their scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on queer theory, on formative and current discourses of child and youth care (CYC), and on feminist and other ethics of care theorizing, this paper applies queer analytics to CYC by considering how desire, identity, sexuality, theory, and politics may be taken up within CYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For families with multiple problems (FMP), knowledge is lacking on the practice elements of interventions (the distinct techniques practitioners use to promote positive outcomes) and their program elements (intervention design and delivery systems). The aim of this study is to identify both common and specific practice and program elements so as to determine contents and overlap between interventions. For FMP, we selected interventions that had at least moderate (>0.5) effect sizes in the Dutch context (N = 8). A deductive content analysis was used to assess the manuals of these interventions with the taxonomy of interventions for FMP. We defined as common those elements found in at least five of the eight interventions and as specific those found in fewer than five. Of the practice elements, 79% were common across the interventions, and 21% were intervention specific. Interventions with the highest percentages of intervention‐specific elements derived from the taxonomy were 10 for the Future (15%), Family Central (14%), Intensive Family Therapy (14%), and Multisystemic therapy (11%). Core program elements: duration, intensity, intervision, supervision, and consultation, varied greatly between interventions. Among interventions for FMP, we found practice elements to have considerable overlap. Among program elements, we found greater variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Udayan Care's aftercare programme for youth is designed to support the transition of young adults leaving the umbrella of the Udayan Care Ghars (Sunshine Homes) to independent and self-reliant living. The objective of this research is to understand the aftercare programme by applying the ecological systems theory of human development formulated by Bronfenbrenner (1979). The study focuses on eight analytical domains that are important for transition of youth namely education and employment, financial management, mental and physical health, legal rights and responsibilities, housing, goals and aspirations, safety and emergency skills, and resilience. It covered 60 youth who are either presently covered under aftercare programme or are Udayan Care alumni who have already availed the organisation’s aftercare support. The life experiences of youth have been presented through five ecological systems namely microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. The analysis highlights the contributions of multiple stakeholders to the efficacy of the ecological systems. While the success of aftercare programme of Udayan Care is evident in many domains, there are challenges that still exist in regard to building resilience.

This article explores the presence of pain in residential programs for children and youth. The challenges associated with acknowledging and interpreting the behavioural manifestations of this pain — for the young people and for front-line practitioners — are discussed and interpreted through a constructive-developmental lens. The notion of the organization as a holding environment is reviewed, with a key focus on the role of the supervisor in absorbing the pain, providing emotional containment, supporting practitioners “where they are”, encouraging reflection, promoting developmental growth, and maintaining a stable presence. Implications for the organization are reviewed.

This article explores the presence of pain in residential programs for children and youth. The challenges associated with acknowledging and interpreting the behavioural manifestations of this pain -- for the young people and for frontline practitioners -- are discussed and interpreted through a constructivedevelopmental lens. The notion of the organization as a holding environment is reviewed, with a key focus on the role of the supervisor in absorbing the pain, providing emotional containment, supporting practitioners "where they are", encouraging reflection, promoting developmental growth, and maintaining a stable presence. Implications for the organization are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing importance of higher levels of formal education and training leads to an extended transition phase to adulthood while care leavers are confronted with new disadvantages and with a lack of political and societal attention in Austria. Despite the absence of educational support by parents and the limited support by child and youth care workers relating to the early end of youth welfare service some of the interviewed care leavers are striving for long-standing educational pathways. Educational aspirations and achievements of care leavers seem to be linked to orientation frameworks which influence their agency and social practice in general. Relevant orientations are the quest for social and emotional care and the quest for individual responsibility, autonomy and self-determination. Our research reveals that peers act as a central source of social and emotional care in the shape of social recognition, support and belonging. For that reason they have a major influence on educational careers. • The quest for social and emotional care is an important orientation of care leavers. • Opportunities for autonomy lead educational aspirations and achievements. • The support by parents and child and youth services to education is limited. • Peers as a central source of social and emotional care influence educational pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many youth transitioning to young adulthood, a group that has been found to be particularly vulnerable is young people transitioning out of care, particularly residential care. Research on this population of youth has burgeoned over the past few decades, but in South Africa it remains limited. This article focuses on the resilience processes that facilitate better transitions of young women out of care and towards independent living. It replicates the research design of a previous study with young men, with the aim of determining to what extent the resilience process of young women are similar to those of men. A sample of nine women was purposively selected, interviewed in-depth and data analysed using grounded theory methods. The findings indicate that the same resilience process found among male care-leavers are evident also in the narratives of female care-leavers, confirming the findings of the previous study. However, these processes had a slightly stronger relational focus among women than was seen among men. The authors conclude that similar resilience-building programmes can be implemented to prepare both males and females for leaving care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the history of social pedagogy in Austria, which shows some differences from the German history of social pedagogy. In the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s, the development of social pedagogy led to interesting approaches in the field of children’s residential care. During the National Socialist era, the emergence of social pedagogy was cut short. After the end of the Second World War, social pedagogy developed step by step into its currently established form, without ever reviving the thinking of the 1920s and 1930s. Nevertheless, I would like to show how the basic concepts of that period offer some inspiration for work with children and young people today. Based on a single case example, I propose a specific approach to social pedagogy, one that seeks to enable educational processes by reflecting and using the opportunities offered by social environments conducive to education. This focuses less on working with and upon the child, and more on changing the relation between child and environment, the “child/‌environment nexus”.

Abstract Information is scarce on the distinct techniques delivered by the practitioner to promote positive outcomes (practice elements) and aspects of the intervention design and service delivery system (program elements) that make part of interventions for families with multiple problems (FMP). The aim of this study was to (1) develop a taxonomy to identify practice and program elements of interventions targeting FMP and (2) examine the interrater reliability of this taxonomy. The development procedure of the taxonomy consisted of five steps, in which different data sources were used (e.g., existing taxonomies, national guidelines for FMP, intervention manuals and field experts) to ensure the comprehensiveness of the taxonomy. The taxonomy of interventions for families with multiple problems (TIFMP) was developed and tested on eight FMP interventions that had at least moderate effect sizes (>0.5) in the Dutch context. It consisted of 53 practice elements in eight main categories (e.g., working on behavioral change and relieve tasks) and six program elements (e.g., duration and intensity). Raters had an average agreement for practice elements of 84.9%, ranging from 73.6% to 90.6% for the eight FMP interventions. A wide range of FMP interventions can be described reliably with the TIFMP that comprises practice and program elements of interventions. Using this taxonomy can provide more insight into the actual content of interventions and enables optimisation of care for FMP. Highlights • Interventions for families with multiple problems apply similar techniques. • These interventions vary regarding the way in which they are delivered. • We developed a taxonomy to reliably assess both aspects for eight interventions. • Using this taxonomy provides insight into care for families with multiple problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Although a future focus is recognized as a contributing factor to resilience, the content of future focus is seldom explored. Care-leavers in South Africa exit the statutory system and enter into adulthood largely unsupported. Their futures are hampered by limited preparation for leaving care, the absence of follow-up services and contextual factors such as high unemployment rates. Having a well-developed future focus may contribute to better outcomes for care-leavers. Drawing on data from a small qualitative study carried out in four child and youth care centres in a town in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, this article argues that possible selves methods provide a useful tool with which to unpack the content of future focus, and in doing so identify contributors to resilience. Study findings reveal a reciprocal interaction between possible selves and resilience: resilience enablers help to generate compelling possible selves, while possible selves lead to activities that promote resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning from the proposition that doing transdisciplinary child and youth care (CYC) entails an ethic of risk and vulnerability, four graduate students from differing social, spiritual, bodied, and academic locations trace how our research and professional projects encounter, challenge, support, and disrupt one another. Thinking through two concepts critical to the field of CYC in Canada (politics and care), we aim to (a) make visible the possibilities, tensions, and incommensurabilities that emerge when we collectively risk generous, rigorous dialogue between distinct research projects, practice orientations, and lived ontological and epistemological loyalties; and (b) imagine the practices required to enact, and the creative collaborations that might emerge through, transdisciplinary conversations in child and youth care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relational theory has been foundational to Child and Youth Care (CYC) practice, significantly regarding entering relationships with children, youth and their families. The guiding principle is to meet children and youth where they are within their lifespace in its various forms. However, relationality as currently applied is dehistoricized and depoliticized. Thus, this paper will critique and provide implications for CYC practitioners who enter relationships with youth, their families and community through pedagogy of intentional relational praxis that is guided by critical theoretical foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exists a pervasive tension between theory and practice in the field of child and youth care (CYC). This summary of findings from a qualitative research study provides insight into the perspectives of CYC practitioners related to their understanding of theory, practice, its tension, and how that understanding might influence the quality of care they are able to provide to the young people they engage. Interviews were conducted with three practitioners, all of whom engage theory and practice in the field of CYC. Key findings were interpreted from an ethical praxis theoretical lens, which indicates that the field of CYC, and all its members, needs to take responsibility in unifying its theoretical and practical components. Although this tension manifested many years ago, the members of the field of CYC continue to perpetuate it in a variety of ways. Recommendations are made for implementing change throughout the field of CYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen preservice youth work students participated in learning experiences designed to enhance literacies in mental health. The aim of this grounded theory study was to explicate the process of mental health literacy enhancement and application to child and youth care practice. Sixty-two unique sources of data were used in analyses. Findings suggest that mental health literacies are intertwined with the process of developing a professional identity. In this article, the subcategory de/valuing youth work is explained and involves participants managing a confusing role, adopting a misfit stance, battling and building a seat at the interprofessional table, and valuing professional contributions. Implications for professional identity development, professionalization and mental health education are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]