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Simple Summary: In this work, we report a new distribution for the Western Rock Pool mosquito, Aedes epactius, in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico. Additionally, we document its occurrence at 2300 m above sea level in the state of Chihuahua and at nearly 2600 m above sea level in Zacatecas. These records highlight the remarkable dispersal plasticity of the Western Rock Pool mosquito in the Americas, demonstrating its ability to adapt to a wide range of altitudes, from coastal areas with warm temperatures to high-altitude regions with considerably lower average temperatures. Adults and immatures of Aedes epactius were collected in July and December 2022 at sites of high elevation in the states of Chihuahua (2300 masl) and Zacatecas (2182 and 2595 masl), Mexico, respectively. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically and sequenced for a DNA barcode of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1). This is the first distributional record of Ae. epactius in Zacatecas and provides evidence of the highest altitude in the Americas, including Mexico. The geographical distribution of Ae. epactius in Mexico was reviewed, and the COX1 analysis, using phylogenetic Bayesian analysis to confirm species identification, was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reintroduction of the Mexican wolf in the wilds of northwestern Mexico has allowed us to address its trophic ecology and elucidate conflicts with livestock producers: their main mortality factor. Our objective was to determine the feeding habits of wolves in Mexico, as well as the quantity and frequency of livestock predation in relation to seasonal and individual variables, through the analysis of genetically identified scats. During 2012–2022 we collected 1171 Mexican wolf scats. We extracted and sequenced DNAm and identified individuals and their sex using microsatellite analysis. We washed the scat and separated the undigested components for taxonomic identification. We estimated the frequency of prey items, the biomass it contributed to the diet, and compared prey consumption between sexes and between the birth and dispersal seasons. We constructed generalized linear models to identify the relationship between livestock presence in the diet and dietary prey richness with respect to environmental and individual variables. We identified 68 wolves that had consumed 30 species of vertebrates. Of these, white‐tailed deer (36.12%), diversionary feeding (22.79%), and cattle (25.56%) had the highest contribution to biomass. The ingestion of items was independent of the sex of the wolves but was dependent on the season. The presence of deer and diversionary feeding decreased the likelihood of cattle being ingested but also decreased the richness of items of wild species in the wolf diet. Wolves in northwestern Mexico fed mainly on large prey available in the reintroduction area, including livestock. As wolves consume livestock, it increases the risk of retaliatory actions from ranchers. Our results serve as a basis for the implementation of strategies to reduce human–wolf conflicts and set a baseline for coexistence in northwestern Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chihuahua represents an increasingly widespread breed predisposed to cardiac disease. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) might be a useful point-of-care biomarker for dogs suspected of having heart disease, but breed differences have been reported. The urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UAldo: C) appears to be a good indicator of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity in dogs, but Chihuahuas showed significantly higher UAldo: C than other breeds. The objective of this study was to assess preliminary breed-specific reference intervals for NT-proBNP and UAldo: C in healthy Chihuahuas and evaluate sex differences in these parameters. Results: Forty-three healthy Chihuahuas dogs were enrolled. The median NT-proBNP was 347 (125–515) pmol/L, and the median UAldo: C was 2.59 (1.57–4.61) µg/g. The NT-proBNP reference interval was 125 (90% CI 125–125) – 2121.4 (90% CI 941.6–2248) pmol/L. 91% of the Chihuahuas were below the nonbreed-specific cut-off (900 pmol/L). The UAldo: C reference interval was 0.6 (90% CI 0.5–0.9) – 16.8 (90% CI 10.9–27.4) µg/g. No significant sex differences in NT-proBNP or UAldo: C were found. Conclusions: The median value, interindividual coefficient of variation and reference interval of NT-proBNP were in line with those reported for other small breeds. In contrast to previous studies, no sex differences in NT-proBNP were detected. As previously suggested, Chihuahuas seem to be characterized by higher values of UAldo: C than other breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenological data observed on Earth, along with satellite data, are crucial tools for identifying the growing season of vegetation. Using a geostatistical approach, this study aimed to determine the seasonal dynamics of sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] in Chihuahua and their relationship with climate variability. The metrics of the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of the growing season of this species in the state of Chihuahua were calculated. In addition, the effect of air temperature and precipitation on the dynamics of SOS and EOS during the 2000-2010 and 2011-2019 periods was evaluated. The treatments considered the three ecological regions (desert, central valleys, and mountain) and the years of recording. The state was studied through three ecological zones: desert (D), central valleys (CV), and sierra (S) for comparison. The SOS and EOS of sideoats grama in each zone were defined annually from Landsat data during the 2000-2019 period based on the dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The SOS ranged from May to June [average Julian day (doy)=174], while the EOS ranged from October to November [average Julian day (doy)=283]. There was a delay in SOS in zone D; the stunted growth of sideoats grama in the spring season may be due to a relative scarcity of water; however, the higher temperature in spring makes it easier to meet the thermal requirements for the species’ growth. These findings suggest that climate variability significantly impacts the seasonal dynamics of sideoats grama, which may influence the management strategies of these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Chihuahua represents an increasingly widespread breed predisposed to cardiac disease. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) might be a useful point-of-care biomarker for dogs suspected of having heart disease, but breed differences have been reported. The urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UAldo: C) appears to be a good indicator of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity in dogs, but Chihuahuas showed significantly higher UAldo: C than other breeds. The objective of this study was to assess preliminary breed-specific reference intervals for NT-proBNP and UAldo: C in healthy Chihuahuas and evaluate sex differences in these parameters. Results Forty-three healthy Chihuahuas dogs were enrolled. The median NT-proBNP was 347 (125–515) pmol/L, and the median UAldo: C was 2.59 (1.57–4.61) µg/g. The NT-proBNP reference interval was 125 (90% CI 125–125) – 2121.4 (90% CI 941.6–2248) pmol/L. 91% of the Chihuahuas were below the nonbreed-specific cut-off (900 pmol/L). The UAldo: C reference interval was 0.6 (90% CI 0.5–0.9) – 16.8 (90% CI 10.9–27.4) µg/g. No significant sex differences in NT-proBNP or UAldo: C were found. Conclusions The median value, interindividual coefficient of variation and reference interval of NT-proBNP were in line with those reported for other small breeds. In contrast to previous studies, no sex differences in NT-proBNP were detected. As previously suggested, Chihuahuas seem to be characterized by higher values of UAldo: C than other breeds.

La información climatológica es importante en la aplicación e investigación en distintas disciplinas relacionadas con los recursos naturales y el medio ambiente, sin embargo su adquisición puede ser difícil y demandar mucho tiempo, particularmente en zonas montañosas (Kouwen et al., 2005). Las estaciones meteorológicas terrestres no siempre representan de modo adecuado el clima que ocurre en las regiones de estudio o cuenca hidrográficas por su falta de cobertura geográfica, además de que presentan vacíos de información en sus series de datos. Ante tal problemática, en el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluaron datos mensuales de precipitación, temperatura máxima y mínima provenientes del conjunto de datos meteorológicos globales denominado “Reanálisis del Sistema de Predicción del Clima” (CFSR, por sus siglas en inglés), como una fuente de información de uso alternativo frente a las observadas in situ en estaciones convencionales (CLICOM), mediante un análisis estadístico en la cuenca alta del río Mayo, Chihuahua, México. Los indicadores estadísticos que se emplearon (sesgo porcentual, raíz del error cuadrático medio, error promedio absoluto y coeficiente de determinación) mostraron que, en general, existe un buen desempeño del CFSR en el modelamiento de la precipitación, temperatura máxima y mínima en época seca, y una sobreestimación durante los meses de lluvia.

Species of the beetle family Anthicidae intercepted at United States ports-of-entry in association with imported commodities have not been comprehensively investigated. This report examines the anthicids intercepted during routine agricultural quarantine inspections at the U.S. and Chihuahuan border. A total of 62 individuals representing three subfamilies, six genera, and ten species were collected between August 2015 and July 2024. The taxa were associated with six imported types of commodities, which all originated in Mexico. Most of the interceptions (85.5%) consisted of four common taxa: Notoxus calcaratus Horn, Vacusus confinis (LeConte), Omonadus floralis (Linnaeus), and Anthicus lutulentus Casey. Noteworthy was the interception of Notoxus haustrus Chandler, which was only recently recorded from the border region of West Texas. The results presented in this study serve as a baseline to support future ecological and biodiversity comparison for the greater southwestern U.S. border region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los datos fenológicos observados en tierra, junto con datos satelitales, son herramientas cruciales para identificar la estación de crecimiento de la vegetación. Utilizando un enfoque geoestadístico, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la dinámica estacional del pasto banderita [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] en Chihuahua y su relación con la variabilidad climática. Se calcularon las métricas del inicio (SOS) y del final (EOS) de la temporada de crecimiento de esta especie en el estado de Chihuahua. Además, se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura del aire y la precipitación en la dinámica del SOS y el EOS durante los periodos 2000-2010 y 2011-2019. Los tratamientos consideraron las tres regiones ecológicas (desierto, valles centrales y sierra) y los años de registro. El estado se estudió a través de tres zonas ecológicas: desierto (D), valles centrales (CV) y sierra (S) para su comparación. El SOS y el EOS del pasto banderita en cada zona se definieron anualmente a partir de datos Landsat durante el periodo 2000-2019, basándose en la dinámica del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI). El SOS osciló entre mayo y junio (promedio de día juliano [doy]=174), mientras que el EOS osciló entre octubre y noviembre (promedio de día juliano [doy]=283). Se observó un retraso en el SOS en la zona D; el retraso en el crecimiento del pasto banderita en la estación primaveral puede deberse a una relativa escasez de agua, aunque la mayor temperatura en primavera facilita el cumplimiento de los requisitos térmicos para el crecimiento de la especie. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la variabilidad climática tiene un impacto significativo en la dinámica estacional del pasto banderita, lo que puede influir en las estrategias de manejo de estos ecosistemas.

The incidence of dystocia in companion animals is relatively low compared to other farm animals, however when dystocia occurs it needs immediate intervention. The present report is a case about successful management of caesarean section in a Chihuahua dog that suffered from dystocia due to fetal hydrocephalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults and immatures of Aedes epactius were collected in July and December 2022 at sites of high elevation in the states of Chihuahua (2300 masl) and Zacatecas (2182 and 2595 masl), Mexico, respectively. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically and sequenced for a DNA barcode of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1). This is the first distributional record of Ae. epactius in Zacatecas and provides evidence of the highest altitude in the Americas, including Mexico. The geographical distribution of Ae. epactius in Mexico was reviewed, and the COX1 analysis, using phylogenetic Bayesian analysis to confirm species identification, was performed.

Water use in agriculture is a critical aspect of sustainable food production. Efficient water management is essential to address both yield optimization and environmental concerns. The current study evaluated the water diversions by the Irrigation District 05—Delicias (DR-05), in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, for four major crops grown in the region including alfalfa, chile, pecans and peanuts. The amounts of water applied to raise these crops were compared to the amounts of water use estimated with the evapotranspiration (ET) method and with the crop yield function model, and respective water use efficiencies were estimated with both the methods. The water use efficiency measured using the ET estimation (WUE-ET) for alfalfa ranged from 60.9% to 70.4%, while the water use efficiency derived from the yield function data (WUE-YF) showed lower values and ranged from 43.6% to 59.7%. In the case of chile, the opposite trends were observed than in alfalfa, with the WUE-ET for chile ranging from 47.7% to 54.8%, and WUE-YF showing higher values that ranged from 49% to 70%. In the case of peanuts and pecans, only the WUE-ET was estimated and it ranged from 55.9% to 68.8% for peanuts and 90.9% to 116.9% pecans, respectively. Among the four crops studied, pecans were found to have the highest WUE-ET, with values of WUE-ET reaching higher than 100%. However, it is to be noted that these high values of water use efficiencies are more indicative that pecans are probably under irrigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the characteristics of the number of hectares (located in the UMAs registered in the state of Chihuahua) used for the white-tailed deer free-range production, the level of exploitation of the species, and its economic value. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study determined the number of Units for the Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use of Wildlife (UMAs) registered in the state of Chihuahua, where white tailed deer had been exploited since 2015. Forty-three municipalities in the state of Chihuahua, with a total of 159 UMAs, were analyzed. Twenty-three randomly selected UMAs were characterized, taking into account the hectares and the presence of white-tailed deer per municipality. Finally, the exploitation value of the species use per community was established in order to determine its exploitation and economic value. Results: The total area used for the exploitation of the white-tailed deer reaches 1,067,380 hectares. Thirtytwo municipalities had potential for the exploitation of white-tailed deer. Thirty-three deer were hunted per season in the 23 UMAs under study, which accounts for a $990,000 Mexican pesos gross income for the state of Chihuahua per season; this exploitation generates a total of 115 temporary jobs for the communities surrounding the 23 UMAs studied. Chihuahua's UMAs welcome a total of 33 white-tailed deer hunters per season. Hunters pay $30,000 to $34,000 Mexican pesos for each white-tailed deer specimen. Study Limitations/Implications: The study provides an overview of the current state of the UMAs in the state of Chihuahua that have a permit for the white-tailed deer hunting exploitation. Each of the UMAs under study has specific characteristics, including: the services offered, the associated hunting species, and the exploitation populations under an integrated sustainability arrangement. This study does not include the benefits of exploiting associated species, such as the collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) and the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Findings/Conclusions: Based on the number of registered UMAs, 32 out of 40 municipalities use 100% of their registered area for the exploitation of white-tailed deer. The white-tailed deer hunting exploitation increases the profitability and productivity of livestock ranches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El discurso sintetiza la intensa vida militar y política del coronel y abogado Ignacio Orozco Sandoval quien desempeñó relevantes actividades en la Guerra de Reforma (1858-60) y la Intervención Francesa (1862-67). Se trata de un personaje histórico cuya vida es poco conocida a pesar de la notabilidad en su época. Ignacio Orozco dio además ejemplos de honestidad y congruencia entre sus acciones y sus principios, sostenidos tanto en el campo militar como en el político.

The continued input of nitrate (NO3) into groundwater is a global problem, mainly associated to excess fertilizer and improper disposal of human and livestock waste. Nitrate accumulation in oxic aquifers of semiarid areas makes these zones especially susceptible to pollution. Nitrate in Meoqui- Delicias aquifer, located in an important irrigation district in Chihuahua, Mexico, was quantified in 2021 in 63 drinking water wells. Samples collected were analyzed in laboratory and results were compared to 2003 and 2006 data available for those wells. Nitrate values varied from 0.7 to 23.2 mg/L and 22 % of the wells contained NO3 above drinking water guidelines (10 mg NO3-N/L). A low to moderate nitrate pollution index (NPI) and a slight NO3-N variation with time was observed for most wells. Values of NO3-N/Cl < 1.0 support an anthropogenic origin of nitrate. No association was found between NO3-N and well depth. The most susceptible areas to nitrate contamination were identified as those areas with high NO3-N and increasing concentration with time. The lack of a pattern of contamination suggested leakage of manure leachate at a few points as the most likely contamination source. The consistently high NO3-N content (>10 mg/L) in three deep wells constitutes a serious concern. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i1.1415

In this paper, a study to determine the acoustic properties of Chihuahua, Manchego, and panela cheeses is carried out by applying acoustic spectroscopy in the ultrasound spectrum. The products were purchased at a local store in the capital city of Chihuahua. The echoscope block of the GAMPT® acoustic tomograph with acoustic sensor at 2 MHz was used to measure the acoustic phase velocity (m/s), which depended on the thickness, with a quasiregular ambient temperature of 16 °C. The acoustic tomograph used transmission with normal incidence. Measurements were performed in triplicate. The volumetric density and acoustic impedance of the cheeses, as well as the rheological properties, were determined through an indirect method. The results show that the acoustic phase velocities of the Chihuahua, Manchego and panela cheeses were APVChi ≈ 1221.47 m/s, APVman ≈ 1436.05 m/s, and APVpan ≈ 1142.28 m/s, respectively. The volumetric densities of the Chihuahua, Manchego, and panela cheeses were ρChi ≈ 1.16 gr/cm3, ρman ≈ 1.11 gr/cm3, and ρpan ≈ 1.70 gr/cm3 to 12.1 °C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Samalayuca Dunes (SMD) (Médanos de Samalayuca), Chihuahua, México, are one of México's largest and least studied dune fields, now managed as a Protected Area for their ecological characteristics. We present a morphometric characterization of the dune field based on remote sensing and field studies, to advance under standing of its physical environment. SMD's generally-fine sands originate from shoreline deposits of Paleolake Palomas, transported eastward (downwind) along an aeolian corridor, accumulating primarily as echo dunes upwind of the sierras of Samalayuca and Presidio. A complex wind regime, with northerly and southerly winds complementing regionally-prevailing southwesterlies, modified by topographic effects, shapes the SMD's morphology. The sand sea covers ~139.7 km2, with ~113.8 km2 in the main eastern body and ~25.9 km2 in a northwester n subfield. We describe six major dune for ms: north to south straight-crested dunes, east to west straight-crested dunes, star dunes, vegetated parabolic dunes, relict transverse dunes, and "megastar" (draa) dunes. Mean interdune centroid spacing is 76.5 m. The active dunes, previously described as an "aklé" pattern, are predominantly straight-crested dune sets oriented near-perpendicular to each other with general north-south and east-west crest orientations, 4-5 m high, spaced ~67 m apart for north-south trending crests and ~53 m for east-west trending crests, representing a nearly perpendicular interference pattern in some locations. The active dunes are superimposed in a compound and complex arrangement on relict remnants of much larger north-northwest trending transverse dune ridges fanning out from south to north-northwest, spaced approximately ~1 km apart and ~50 m high. The easternmost dune ridge contains an active set of at least 15 active megastar and reversing dunes up to 120 m tall, increasing in size and complexity from south to north. As a protected area with historical and ecological value, additional geologic investigations should be performed at the SMD, to help conserve this remarkable geologic feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines several libraries assembled by the Society of Jesus in their college and missions in Northern Mexico (in the present-day Mexican State of Chihuahua), where Jesuits have been a constant presence from the seventeenth century, interrupted only temporarily by the Society's suppression. All their bibliographic collections were transferred, dispersed, or looted after the general expulsion of 1767. Archival materials preserved in repositories such as the Archivo General de la Nación in Mexico City, however, enable a reconstruction of these libraries. This essay argues that these collections constituted a sort of "cultural oasis" (Michael Mathes). They provided arsenals of knowledge for missionaries in distant places with harsh living conditions and show the strong and lasting bond between Jesuits and print culture even in the most remote and adverse of conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chihuahua is the largest state in Mexico. The ecosystem of this region is composed of large area of bushes, forests, and grasslands, which allows for a specific diversity of fauna; among them are interesting species of non-lethal scorpions. Most of the Chihuahuan scorpions have been previously morphologically and molecularly described; however, this manuscript could be the first to describe the composition of those venoms. This work aimed at the collection of two scorpion species from the region of Jiménez (Southwest of the State of Chihuahua), which belong to the species Chihuahuanus cohauilae and Chihuahuanus crassimanus; the two species were taxonomically and molecularly identified using a 16S DNA marker. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of C. coahuilae and C. crassimanus venoms allowed the identification of three fractions lethal to mice. Additionally, three fractions of each scorpion displayed an effect on house crickets. In the end, three new fractions from the venom of C. coahuilae were positive for antimicrobial activity, although none from C. crassimanus venom displayed growth inhibition. Despite being a preliminary study, the venom biochemical analysis of these two uncharacterized scorpion species opens the opportunity to find new molecules with potential applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente articulo realiza una reflexión sobre un espacio museal diferente, el Centro de Desarrollo Cultural (CDC) de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México, que consta de un modesto espacio de poco más de 200 m2 y se encuentra enclavado en el centro histórico de la ciudad con acceso libre para la población en general. La reflexión muestra una revisión cronológica de las principales exposiciones presentadas en este espacio, desde su fundación en el año 2013 hasta finales del año 2021. En el siguiente relato, se puede concluir que su programación, ubicación estratégica y gratuidad de los servicios que ofrece, colocan al CDC como un espacio democrático donde la población puede tener acceso a exposiciones de diversa índole, que van desde artistas del arte universal hasta las expresiones endémicas urbanas de la comunidad. Las diversas instancias gubernamentales no consideran que el CDC entre en la categoría de museo y efectivamente no lo sería si se tomasen en cuenta cánones clásicos sobre lo que es un museo; sin embargo, el no ser reconocido como tal no ha detenido su actividad y se ha colocado como uno de los espacios más visitados de la ciudad.

The article analyzes, from the qualitative method, the participation of families and teaching staff of the first cycle of primary education in the state of Chihuahua (Mexico) to carry out the various activities of the Learn at Home program implemented in March 2020 as a response to the resulting health confinement by COVID-19. It is concluded that the participation of families in school emergency situations implies improving the relationship between teachers, families, and the community in the implementation processes of educational programs with greater support to organize study times, take advantage of the different cultural capitals and promote family co-responsibility.

Within the framework of philosophy and its social function, structural violence against children in Chihuahua is studied; to approach the phenomenon and propose alternatives, three theories will be related: i) feminist studies regarding violence, concepts such as intersectionality, pedagogies of cruelty and structural violence will be used, ii) the philosophy of children’s rights, child’s play will be appreciated as a necessity and legal position of freedom, and iii) the event of the Aufklärung, that is, the assimilation of the present of humanity or the Enlightenment in Foucault’s thought.

The article explores the idea that the demands and the guarantee of freedoms are incompatible with a restricted concept of democracy. Their struggle controverts, among many other things, a strictly formal conception of democracy that identifies it with a simple majority rule. That reductionist understanding stifles the rights of certain vulnerable groups. In this context, the conditions of inequality and extreme violence against women have not received sufficient attention in the institutions of the state of Chihuahua, coupled with the great shortcomings of the Mexican State in this matter. Under this scenario, the text also addresses how the emergence of the Tribunal Especializado en Violencia de Género could respond to the need for a treatment, in adjudicative jurisdiction, even if only partially, for these legitimate demands.

This paper addresses the water crisis in the south-central region of the state of Chihuahua in the year 2020. Recent literature points to drought, overdemand of the vital liquid, and overpopulation in this region, among other issues, as the causes of the problem. This paper argues that the causes are not such, but rather the effects of an economic policy of capital valorization and accumulation that exceeds the carrying capacity of ecosystems and the regulation of polluting processes. The obsolescence of the water treaties between Mexico and the United States makes it necessary to consider other alternatives such as the 1997 UN Water Convention.

Este año celebramos la publicación del volumen 20 de Chihuahua Hoy. Desde sus inicios, se ha trabajado arduamente para que este proyecto se consolide como una empresa intelectual y generadora de conocimiento, tanto para el estado de Chihuahua como para el resto del país. En sus volúmenes publicados podrán consultar trabajos de la más alta calidad académica acerca de las distintas realidades de nuestra región. Chihuahua Hoy comenzó en el año 2001 con un seminario permanente de investigación organizado por el doctor Víctor Orozco, del cual se publicó el primer tomo en 2003. Sus dos primeros ejemplares fueron publicados por la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, en el 2005 se integró como casa editora el Instituto Chihuahuense de la Cultura y para el año 2007, la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Esta obra fue dirigida por el doctor Víctor Orozco hasta el 2020; del 2020 al 2021 estuvo a cargo del doctor Pedro Siller, año de su sensible fallecimiento.

En el presente artículo se expone una descripción y análisis de las tendencias de la violencia hacia las mujeres en Chihuahua entre los años 2003 y 2021, tomando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (Endireh) de los años 2003, 2006, 2011, 2016 y 2021. Los ámbitos elegidos para este análisis fueron la pareja, la escuela y el trabajo. Se observaron algunos aumentos, permanencias y reducciones del problema. A partir de los resultados se hacen recomendaciones para los futuros estudios sobre el tema y las políticas públicas de atención.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos propuestas de lectura en torno a un conflicto socioambiental generado por permisos de explotación forestal que afectan a la comunidad de Repechique del pueblo indígena rarámuri en Chihuahua, México. Una primera propuesta es entender el conflicto como una lucha por el control desigual de recursos naturales asentados en su territorio, la segunda es entenderlo como controversias ontológicas que visualizan una diferencia fundamental sobre cuál es la cuestión del conflicto. Mediante sen[1]dos abordajes teóricos se presenta un análisis que da cuenta del caso, del conflicto y sus implicaciones. Como resultado, se concluye con un llamado a complementar ambos enfoques en aras de capturar las implicaciones políticas, económicas y ontológicas existentes al estudiar conflictos socioambientales.

Under the current climate crisis, the ecological integrity of forest ecosystems is key to increasing resilience and the sustainability of water and soil resources. Most forests around the world have experienced deforestation and degradation in the past few decades; however, the rate at which these occur varies depending on many factors, including the type of trees, management, and climate. We conducted a review of the deforestation, degradation, and soil erosion of the pine-oak forest within the Rio Conchos basin in northern Mexico. Preference was given to recent studies (last 10 years) conducted within this basin. Out of 27 recent publications on oak forests in Mexico, 19 focused on this forest and half of them were in Spanish. The results show that pine trees are more affected than oak trees, also that the deforestation rate has increased with time and is greater at higher elevations, making this area vulnerable to loss of topsoil during extreme hydrological events. Studies report an annual change in cover rate between 1985 and 2016 of −1.2% for pine, oak and mix vegetation. More recently, between 2000 and 2018, the change in pine cover was calculated as −2.8% concurrent with a +3.4% increase in cover of oak and other secondary vegetation. Proposed conservation strategies vary from runoff control to increased collaboration between landowners, government agencies, and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Groundwater and domestic wastewater are often used in conjunction with surface water to irrigate crops in semiarid areas. A concern associated with this practice is the potential accumulation of arsenic (As) and heavy metals in soil and plants, especially in places where irrigation water contains geogenic As. Studies on arsenic uptake in cereal crops growing under dry and oxidizing conditions are scarce. A one-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake and translocation of As in barley and oats irrigated with either groundwater (GW) or treated domestic wastewater (TWW) in northern Mexico. The content of As, as well as toxic metals Cd and Pb, were determined in soil and 24 sets each of barley and oat plants. Metal(loid)s accumulated more in the roots and leaves, and less in the stems and grains. Barley grains contained 0.2 mg/kg of As under GW or TWW, whereas oat grains contained twice this amount. Bioconcentration (BCF) and translocation (TF) factors were < 1 for As and Cd in plants irrigated with both GW and TWW indicating that neither barley nor oats are As-accumulators, and their grain and leaves can be safely used for fodder. However, oats irrigated with TWW bioaccumulated Pb in leaves. Conscientious monitoring of As and associated metals in soil and crops irrigated with TWW and GW is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable drinking water system is essential to ensure the availability of water. Efficient management is developed by maintaining a positive and continuous pressure. However, in developing countries, the conception is that a constant water supply is unsustainable and the preferred alternative is to modify to an intermittent water supply. In this paper, a methodology for gradually transforming several sectors to a constant supply to decrease the quantity of water supplied is developed. Network sectorization and pressure management were achieved, indicating that the operation of 19% of the households under this methodology generates 24% of the water-saving of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a study to determine the acoustic properties of Chihuahua, Manchego, and panela cheeses is carried out by applying acoustic spectroscopy in the ultrasound spectrum. The products were purchased at a local store in the capital city of Chihuahua. The echoscope block of the GAMPT® acoustic tomograph with acoustic sensor at 2 MHz was used to measure the acoustic phase velocity (m/s), which depended on the thickness, with a quasiregular ambient temperature of 16 °C. The acoustic tomograph used transmission with normal incidence. Measurements were performed in triplicate. The volumetric density and acoustic impedance of the cheeses, as well as the rheological properties, were determined through an indirect method. The results show that the acoustic phase velocities of the Chihuahua, Manchego and panela cheeses were APVChi ≈ 1221.47 m/s, APVman ≈ 1436.05 m/s, and APVpan ≈ 1142.28 m/s, respectively. The volumetric densities of the Chihuahua, Manchego, and panela cheeses were ρChi ≈ 1.16 gr/cm3, ρman ≈ 1.11 gr/cm3, and ρpan ≈ 1.70 gr/cm3 to 12.1 °C, respectively.

Una intervención arqueológica en la catedral de Chihuahua fue posible debido a un trámite de inspección debido a la intervención del Área de monumentos arqueológicos del INAH Chihuahua, donde se solicitó la participación del Área de Protección Técnica y Legal del patrimonio arqueológico, a pedido de la Arquidiócesis de Chihuahua, en unas modificaciones en el presbiterio, entendiendo que una excavación en los pisos de los edificios de culto religioso como la catedral puede derivar en hallazgos de restos óseos, el caso particular de esta intervención permitió la recuperación de este material, mismos que se entregaron al cuerpo académico de antropología física de la Escuela de Antropología e Historia del Norte de México para el estudio osteológico. Todos los restos fueron localizados como partes de un contexto secundario, incompletos y removidos hasta su máxima profundidad. Esta excavación de sólo dos unidades permitió observar algunas modificaciones previas en el área del presbiterio, es posible inferir las épocas de dichas alteraciones a través de documentos gráficos del interior del edificio, así como las descripciones de observadores contemporáneos a los eventos de renovación o remodelación del interior del edificio. Palabras clave: Chihuahua, catedral, Arqueología, protección técnica y legal

Groundwater of northern Mexico contains high concentrations of geogenic fluoride (F−), a contaminant known to affect human health. The origin of F− in groundwater in this region has been related to the weathering of rhyolite and other volcanic rocks present in the alluvium. However, the relationship of F− concentration to water depth has not been established. F− concentrations, pH, and total dissolved solids (TSD) were determined for 18 wells within the Meoqui-Delicias aquifer in 2021. The F concentrations varied between 0.62 mg L−1 and 4.84 mg L−1, and 61% of the wells exceeded the 1.5 mg L−1 guideline. F− concentrations did not correlate to TDS but correlated to well depth (r = −0.52, p < 0.05). Because of the less-than-strong correlation coefficient value obtained, a diagram of F− concentrations vs. well depth was constructed. The diagram showed a distinct enrichment of F− in shallow wells, suggesting that groundwater residence time and evaporation may be important factors in explaining the F− content within the aquifer. This pattern was confirmed after plotting 2003 and 2006 data for the same wells. These findings are important to better understand the distribution of F− in neighboring alluvial aquifers as well as in alluvial aquifers elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1979, observations of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) in Sonora, Mexico have been low. There are 10 records of monarchs breeding in Sonora on Asclepias curassavica, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, and A. subulata (Apocynaceae). In July-August, monarchs from the Canelo-Hereford area in Arizona fly to the Río San Pedro, Sonora, south to the Cananea area, and then in the Río Sonora through central Sonora to Hermosillo and the Gulf of California. From the Río Sonora, they move up into the Sky Island Mountain ranges. In Hermosillo, they thrive in urban gardens. Higher humidity along the coast allows them to disperse in arid habitats from Bahía de Kino north to Punta Chueca and south to Guaymas. Individuals observed in northwestern Sonora may be from the Colorado River population in western Arizona-southeastern California. The population in tropical southern Sonora and western Sinaloa with winter feeding and breeding may be resident, reflecting the continuously blooming and abundance of the native A. curassavica in large areas of tropical deciduous forest converted into agricultural fields. Monarchs tagged in southeastern Arizona recovered in Michoacán (Morris et al. 2015; Billings 2019) likely traveled eastward to the Janos area in northwestern Chihuahua on the east side of the Sierra Madre Occidental to join the southward migration across the Mexican Plateau. From the relatively few monarch records in Sonora, the few observations in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Sonora and Chihuahua, and winter feeding-breeding populations in tropical southern Sonora and western Sinaloa, we conclude that the Sonoran population is not connected to the eastern migration to overwintering sites in Michoacán. Like the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Madre Occidental is more a barrier to migration than a corridor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Chihuahua dog breed is known for frequent occurrence of a bregmatic fontanelle on the dorsal skull. A common conception is that this skull defect is a clinically irrelevant finding. No studies, however, describe its prevalence or whether it is accompanied by other persistent fontanelles (PFs). Although Chihuahuas are predisposed to Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM), it is unknown whether PFs occur more commonly in dogs with clinical signs that are caused by CM or SM. Hypothesis/Objectives To describe the number and location of PFs at cranial sutures (CSs) and to compare the occurrence of these PFs in dogs with and without CM/SM‐related clinical signs. We hypothesized that PFs also occur commonly at lateral and caudal cranial surfaces, affect a higher number of CSs, and are larger in dogs with CM/SM‐related clinical signs. Animals Fifty client‐owned Chihuahuas with or without CM/SM‐related clinical signs. Results Of the 50 dogs evaluated, 46 (92%) had either 1 or several PFs. The mean ± SD number of PFs was 2.8 ± 3.0 (range, 0‐13). A total of 138 PFs occupied 118 CSs with 57 (48%) located dorsally, 44 (37%) caudally, and 17 (14%) laterally. The number of CSs affected by PFs was significantly higher (P ≤ .001) and total PF area was significantly larger (P = .003) in dogs with CM/SM‐related clinical signs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Persistent fontanelles are very common in this group of Chihuahuas and appear at dorsal, lateral, and caudal cranial surfaces. They are more numerous and larger in Chihuahuas with CM/SM‐related clinical signs.

Objetivo: identificar las implicaciones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la trata de personas en Chihuahua durante 2020 y 2021, teniendo en cuenta los derechos humanos y el modelo ecológico. Metodología: cualitativa mediante la exploración de casos reales y la revisión de la literatura. Resultados: se describe la trata de personas en Chihuahua durante la pandemia y su relación con la violencia familiar, el hacinamiento y la pobreza debidos al confinamiento, factores que actúan como agentes facilitadores de dicho crimen. Valor: se enumeran los factores de riesgo, se identifican los municipios con mayor cantidad de casos y se describen las estrategias de reclutamiento. Limitaciones: la ausencia de bases de datos confiables. Conclusiones: hay una clara discrepancia entre las cifras de las instituciones gubernamentales y las de la sociedad civil. Las modalidades predominantes de la trata son la sexual y la laboral. Las estrategias de reclutamiento se facilitan a través de las redes sociales virtuales y de los videojuegos.

La finalidad de este documento es describir el desarrollo de la enseñanza de la química y las circunstancias que mediaron durante el periodo 1881-1995, que incluye cuál fue su inserción en planes de estudios, sus maestros y alumnos, y sobre todo el contexto en el que se desarrolló. Se incluyen las valoraciones sobre el papel que ha jugado en la construcción de esta ciencia en la entidad de Chihuahua y que repercute en su ámbito social. Incluso se describe cómo la química pasó de ser una materia curricular hasta convertirse en una Facultad importante de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. A través del método histórico se analizan las fuentes primarias tanto del Ayuntamiento de Chihuahua como del Archivo de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, con las cuales se sustenta y evidencian dichas interpretaciones y narrativas.

Chihuahua is the largest state in Mexico. The ecosystem of this region is composed of large area of bushes, forests, and grasslands, which allows for a specific diversity of fauna; among them are interesting species of non-lethal scorpions. Most of the Chihuahuan scorpions have been previously morphologically and molecularly described; however, this manuscript could be the first to describe the composition of those venoms. This work aimed at the collection of two scorpion species from the region of Jiménez (Southwest of the State of Chihuahua), which belong to the species Chihuahuanus cohauilae and Chihuahuanus crassimanus; the two species were taxonomically and molecularly identified using a 16S DNA marker. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of C. coahuilae and C. crassimanus venoms allowed the identification of three fractions lethal to mice. Additionally, three fractions of each scorpion displayed an effect on house crickets. In the end, three new fractions from the venom of C. coahuilae were positive for antimicrobial activity, although none from C. crassimanus venom displayed growth inhibition. Despite being a preliminary study, the venom biochemical analysis of these two uncharacterized scorpion species opens the opportunity to find new molecules with potential applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields.

Chihuahuas are one of the most common small breed dogs in Japan, and this breed is known to be predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Echocardiographic assessment is essential for definitive diagnosis of MMVD in dogs as well as determining the stage. Because the Chihuahua's body size is the smallest among the dog breeds and the widely used echocardiographic reference range is established on the basis of larger dogs, it is unclear whether the existing reference range can be applied to the Chihuahua breed as well. Therefore, this study aimed to determine an echocardiographic reference range for Chihuahua dogs. The left atrial short-axis diameter (LA), aortic valve short-axis diameter, interventricular septum thickness at enddiastole, left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole from 47 healthy Chihuahuas were analyzed. These parameters increased logarithmically as body weight increased. Furthermore, LA and LVIDd were within the previously established reference range generated primarily from multiple breeds of moderate to large breed dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfate isotopes (δ34S, δ18OSO4) interpreted in conjunction with sulfate concentrations show that sulfate of both agricultural and geologic sources is present in groundwater and surface water in the Rio Grande flood plain within the Hueco Bolsón. From previous studies, water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) in the study area indicate groundwater age relative to dam construction upstream. Surface water entering the Hueco Bolsón contains a mixture of soil-amendment sulfate and sulfate from deep-basin groundwater seeps at the terminus of Mesilla Valley. In the shallow Rio Grande alluvial aquifer within the Hueco Bolsón, ranges of δ34S in pre-dam (+2 to +9‰) and post-dam (0 to +6‰) groundwater overlap; the range for post-dam water coincides with common high-sulfate soil amendments used in the area. Most post-dam groundwater, including discharge into agricultural drains, has higher sulfate than pre-dam groundwater. In surface water downstream of Fabens, high-δ34S (>+10‰) sulfate, resembling Middle Permian gypsum, mixes with sulfate from upstream sources and agriculture. The high- δ34S sulfate probably represents discharge from the regional Hueco Bolsón aquifer. In surface water downstream of Fort Hancock, soil-amendment sulfate predominates, probably representing discharge from the Rio Grande alluvial aquifer near the basin terminus. The δ18OSO4 dataset is consistent with sulfate origins determined from the larger δ34S dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]