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126 results on '"Chihara M"'

1. Effect of $\alpha$-particle irradiation on a NdFeAs(O,F) thin film

Author

Tarantini, C., Iida, K., Sumiya, N., Chihara, M., Hatano, T., Ikuta, H., Singh, R. K., Newman, N., and Larbalestier, D. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The effect of $\alpha$-particle irradiation on a NdFeAs(O,F) thin film has been investigated to determine how the introduction of defects affects basic superconducting properties, including the critical temperature $T_c$ and the upper critical field $H_{c2}$, and properties more of interest for applications, like the critical current density $J_c$ and the related pinning landscape. The irradiation-induced suppression of the film $T_c$ is significantly smaller than on a similarly damaged single crystal. Moreover $H_{c2}$ behaves differently, depending on the field orientation: for H//c the $H_{c2}$ slope monotonically increases with increasing disorder, whereas for H//ab it remains constant at low dose and it increases only when the sample is highly disordered. This suggests that a much higher damage level is necessary to drive the NdFeAs(O,F) thin film into the dirty limit. Despite the increase in the low temperature $H_{c2}$, the effects on the $J_c$(H//c) performances are moderate in the measured temperature and field ranges, with a shifting of the pinning force maximum from 4.5 T to 6 T after an irradiation of $2\times10^{15} cm^{-2}$. On the contrary, $J_c$(H//ab) is always suppressed. The analysis demonstrates that irradiation does introduce point defects acting as pinning centres proportionally to the irradiation fluence but also suppresses the effectiveness of c-axis correlated pinning present in the pristine sample. We estimate that significant performance improvements may be possible at high field or at temperatures below 10 K. The suppression of the $J_c$(H//ab) performance is not related to a decrease of the $J_c$ anisotropy as found in other superconductors. Instead it is due to the presence of point defects that decrease the efficiency of the ab-plane intrinsic pinning typical of materials with a layered structure., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2018
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2. Intrinsic and extrinsic pinning in NdFeAs(O,F): vortex trapping and lock-in by the layered structure

Author

Tarantini, C., Iida, K., Haenisch, J., Kurth, F., Jaroszynski, J., Sumiya, N., Chihara, M., Hatano, T., Ikuta, H., Schmidt, S., Seidel, P., Holzapfel, B., and Larbalestier, D. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The Fe-based superconductors (FBS) present a large variety of compounds whose properties are affected to different extents by their crystal structures. Amongst them, the $\it{RE}$FeAs(O,F) ($\it{RE}$1111, where $\it{RE}$ is a rare earth element) is the family with the highest critical temperature $T_c$ but also with a large anisotropy and Josephson vortices as demonstrated in the flux-flow regime in Sm1111 ($T_c$ $\sim$ 55 K). Here we focus our attention on the pinning properties of the lower-$T_c$ Nd1111 in the flux-creep regime. We demonstrate that for H//c critical current density $J_c$ at high temperatures is dominated by point-defect pinning centres, whereas at low temperatures surface pinning by planar defects parallel to the $\it{c}$-axis and vortex shearing prevail. When the field approaches the $\it{ab}$-planes, two different regimes are observed at low temperatures as a consequence of the transition between 3D-Abrikosov and 2D-Josephson vortices: one is determined by the formation of a vortex staircase structure and one by lock-in of the vortices parallel to the layers. This is the first study on FBS showing this behaviour in a full temperature, field, and angular range and it demonstrates that, despite the lower $T_c$ and anisotropy of Nd1111 with respect to Sm1111, this compound is substantially affected by intrinsic pinning generating a strong $\it{ab}$-peak in $J_c$., Comment: Final version available on Scientific Reports (Open access)

Published
2016
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14. John Smith and the Virus of Trade

Author

Chihara, M, Seybold, M, Lawson, A, Chihara, M, Seybold, M, and Lawson, A

Abstract

The revolution in prices, in R. H. Tawney's words, "injected a virus of hitherto unsuspected potency, at once a stimulant to feverish enterprise and an acid dissolving all customary relationships". The virus of trade had "nourished itself like an alien body within the pores of feudal society". Men and women worked the countryside as itinerant traders—petty chapmen, badgers, hawkers, hucksters, and peddlers—bringing dry goods, foodstuffs, and "unconsidered trifles" to out of the way places. Violations of economic exchange were theft, the unlawful possession of another individual's property, or inundation, the oversupply of a good in the market, leading to price falls and a falling off of trade. Powhatan grasped the centrality of the criterion of exchangeability, but as paramount chief he was able to avoid contamination by the virus of trade. His last offer to John Smith was "40 bushels" for "40 swords".

Published
2018

28. Photorefractive effect in GaP

Author

Kuroda, K., primary, Okazaki, Y., additional, Shimura, T., additional, Okamura, H., additional, Chihara, M., additional, Itoh, M., additional, and Ogura, I., additional

Published
1990
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35. The production of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in megakaryopoiesis: possible role of platelet- and megakaryocyte-derived TIMPs in bone marrow fibrosis

Author

urate, T akashi M, amashita, K yoko Y, sogai, C hiho I, uzuki, H itoshi S, chihara, M asatoshi I, atano, S onoko H, akahara, Y osuke N, inoshita, T omohiro K, agasaka, T etsuro N, oshida, S honen Y, omatsu, N orio K, iura, Y asusada M, otta, T omomitsu H, ujimoto, N oboru F, aito, H idehiko S, and ayakawa, T aro H

Abstract

We quantified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in serum and plasma in normal control subjects and patients with a low or high platelet count, using one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassays. The serum levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were 101.1 ± 13.3 ng/ml, and 82.7 ± 26.3 ng/ml, respectively, in normal subjects. In patients with an elevated platelet count, such as in essential thrombocytosis, polycythaemia vera, and myelofibrosis, serum levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were 351.6 ± 200.9 ng/ml and 148.9 ± 84.0 ng/ml, respectively. Serum levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in patients with a low platelet count, such as in aplastic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, were 57.2 ± 25.8 ng/ml and 19.7 ± 7.68 ng/ml, respectively. The serum level of TIMP-1 was significantly correlated with the platelet count in all subjects. The correlation between the serum level of TIMP-2 and the platelet count was not as strong. The level of TIMP-1 in platelet-depleted plasma was not correlated with the platelet count.

Published
1997

37. Intrinsic and extrinsic pinning in NdFeAs(O,F): Vortex trapping and lock-in by the layered structure

Author

Tarantini, C., Iida, K., Hänisch, J., Kurth, F., Jaroszynski, J., Sumiya, N., Chihara, M., Hatano, T., Ikuta, H., Schmidt, S., Seidel, P., Holzapfel, B., and Larbalestier, D. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 3. Good health
Abstract

Fe-based superconductors (FBS) present a large variety of compounds whose properties are affected to different extents by their crystal structures. Amongst them, the REFeAs(O,F) (RE1111, RE being a rare-earth element) is the family with the highest critical temperature Tc but also with a large anisotropy and Josephson vortices as demonstrated in the flux-flow regime in Sm1111 (Tc ∼ 55 K). Here we focus on the pinning properties of the lower-Tc Nd1111 in the flux-creep regime. We demonstrate that for H//c critical current density Jc at high temperatures is dominated by point-defect pinning centres, whereas at low temperatures surface pinning by planar defects parallel to the c-axis and vortex shearing prevail. When the field approaches the ab-planes, two different regimes are observed at low temperatures as a consequence of the transition between 3D Abrikosov and 2D Josephson vortices: one is determined by the formation of a vortex-staircase structure and one by lock-in of vortices parallel to the layers. This is the first study on FBS showing this behaviour in the full temperature, field, and angular range and demonstrating that, despite the lower Tc and anisotropy of Nd1111 with respect to Sm1111, this compound is substantially affected by intrinsic pinning generating a strong ab-peak in Jc.

44. John Smith and the virus of trade

Author

Andrew Lawson, Chihara, M, and Seybold, M

Subjects
Property (philosophy), Feudalism, Economics, Economic history, Alien, Rural area, Possession (law), Economic exchange
Abstract

The revolution in prices, in R. H. Tawney's words, "injected a virus of hitherto unsuspected potency, at once a stimulant to feverish enterprise and an acid dissolving all customary relationships". The virus of trade had "nourished itself like an alien body within the pores of feudal society". Men and women worked the countryside as itinerant traders—petty chapmen, badgers, hawkers, hucksters, and peddlers—bringing dry goods, foodstuffs, and "unconsidered trifles" to out of the way places. Violations of economic exchange were theft, the unlawful possession of another individual's property, or inundation, the oversupply of a good in the market, leading to price falls and a falling off of trade. Powhatan grasped the centrality of the criterion of exchangeability, but as paramount chief he was able to avoid contamination by the virus of trade. His last offer to John Smith was "40 bushels" for "40 swords".

Published
2018
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45. Ferrihydrite Addition Activated Geobacteraceae, the Most Abundant Iron-reducing Diazotrophs, and Suppressed Methanogenesis by Heterogeneous Methanogens in Xylan-amended Paddy Soil Microcosms.

Author

Masuda Y, Chihara M, and Senoo K

Subjects
Soil chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Iron metabolism, Methane metabolism, Soil Microbiology, Ferric Compounds metabolism, Xylans metabolism
Abstract

Paddy fields are a major emission source of the greenhouse gas methane. In the present study, the addition of ferrihydrite to xylan-amended paddy soil microcosms suppressed methane emissions. PCR-based and metatranscriptomic ana-lyses revealed that the addition of ferrihydrite suppressed methanogenesis by heterogeneous methanogens and simultaneously activated Geobacteraceae, the most abundant iron-reducing diazotrophs. Geobacteraceae may preferentially metabolize xylan and/or xylan-derived carbon compounds that are utilized by methanogens. Geomonas terrae R111 utilized xylan as a growth substrate under liquid culture conditions. This may constitute a novel mechanism for the mitigation of methane emissions previously observed in ferric iron oxide-applied paddy field soils.

Published
2024
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46. Development and evaluation of a decision-making aid for couples hesitant about transitioning from infertility treatment to advanced assisted reproductive technology: a usability and feasibility study.

Author

Asazawa K, Takahata K, Kojima N, Onizawa H, Kawanami M, Yoshida A, Hasegawa K, Chihara M, and Arimori N

Subjects
Humans, Decision Support Techniques, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feasibility Studies, Decision Making, Infertility therapy
Abstract

Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to develop a decision-making aid for couples hesitant about transitioning from infertility treatment to advanced assisted reproductive technology, (2) to examine the adequacy of this aid, and (3) to evaluate its usability. After the first version of the decision-making aid was created, the first version was supervised and finally a prototype of the decision-making aid was completed. We conducted a feasibility study from February to March 2022. We used a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design involving 22 medical professionals and infertility survivors recruited., Results: Twenty-two participants (3 reproductive medical specialists, 11 nurses who specialize in reproductive medicine, and 8 infertility survivors) were included in the final analysis (91.7% valid response rate). Of these participants, 81.8% answered Agree regarding "Easy-to-read degree of charts", 17 (77.3%) answered It is just the right amount regarding "Appropriateness of information volume", 81.8% answered Agree regarding "Ease of understanding content", and 90.9% answered Good regarding "Overall performance". From the opinions received, we extracted 4 categories: "Useful for decision making," "Suitable for providing information," "Useful in clinical practice," and "Needs improvement." Certain degrees of surface validity and content validity were confirmed for the trial version of the decision-making aid., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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47. cis interaction of CD153 with TCR/CD3 is crucial for the pathogenic activation of senescence-associated T cells.

Author

Fukushima Y, Sakamoto K, Matsuda M, Yoshikai Y, Yagita H, Kitamura D, Chihara M, Minato N, and Hattori M

Subjects
Animals, CD3 Complex metabolism, Germinal Center, Ki-1 Antigen metabolism, Mice, CD30 Ligand metabolism, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell metabolism, T-Lymphocytes metabolism
Abstract

With age, senescence-associated (SA) CD4 + T cells that are refractory to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are increased along with spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) development prone to autoantibody production. We demonstrate that CD153 and its receptor CD30 are expressed in SA-T and Spt-GC B cells, respectively, and deficiency of either CD153 or CD30 results in the compromised increase of both cell types. CD153 engagement on SA-T cells upon TCR stimulation causes association of CD153 with the TCR/CD3 complex and restores TCR signaling, whereas CD30 engagement on GC B cells induces their expansion. Administration of an anti-CD153 antibody blocking the interaction with CD30 suppresses the increase in both SA-T and Spt-GC B cells with age and ameliorates lupus in lupus-prone mice. These results suggest that the molecular interaction of CD153 and CD30 plays a central role in the reciprocal activation of SA-T and Spt-GC B cells, leading to immunosenescent phenotypes and autoimmunity., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests Y.F., M.C., and M.H. are employed by the Immunosenescence Project, which is a collaboration project between Kyoto University and Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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49. Potentiality of multiple modalities for single-cell analyses to evaluate the tumor microenvironment in clinical specimens.

Author

Kashima Y, Togashi Y, Fukuoka S, Kamada T, Irie T, Suzuki A, Nakamura Y, Shitara K, Minamide T, Yoshida T, Taoka N, Kawase T, Wada T, Inaki K, Chihara M, Ebisuno Y, Tsukamoto S, Fujii R, Ohashi A, Suzuki Y, Tsuchihara K, Nishikawa H, and Doi T

Subjects
Adult, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, RNA-Seq, Stomach Neoplasms genetics, Single-Cell Analysis, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract

Single-cell level analysis is powerful tool to assess the heterogeneity of cellular components in tumor microenvironments (TME). In this study, we investigated immune-profiles using the single-cell analyses of endoscopically- or surgically-resected tumors, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, we technically characterized two distinct platforms of the single-cell analysis; RNA-seq-based analysis (scRNA-seq), and mass cytometry-based analysis (CyTOF), both of which are broadly embraced technologies. Our study revealed that the scRNA-seq analysis could cover a broader range of immune cells of TME in the biopsy-resected small samples of tumors, detecting even small subgroups of B cells or Treg cells in the tumors, although CyTOF could distinguish the specific populations in more depth. These findings demonstrate that scRNA-seq analysis is a highly-feasible platform for elucidating the complexity of TME in small biopsy tumors, which would provide a novel strategies to overcome a therapeutic difficulties against cancer heterogeneity in TME.

Published
2021
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