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Carbon-based mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for printable next-generation photovoltaic applications, but the optical properties of their carbon layer limit their light harvesting efficiency. We developed solution-processable indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles to replace carbon electrodes for mesoscopic lead-free tin-based PSCs. The ITO electrodes were fabricated via screen printing with 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 layers corresponding to the thicknesses of 2.1–14.3 μm; tin perovskite (GA0.2FA0.8SnI3) with SnF2 (20%) and EDAI2 (15%) (GA represents guanidinium; EDAI2 represents ethylenediammonium diiodide) was drop-casted on the device to produce a mesoporous structure of FTO/TiO2/perovskite/Al2O3/ITO. The best device achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.4% with great stability. These solution-processed ITO electrodes are a landmark to shed light on new paths for the commercialization of lead-free PSCs.

Electron bombardment of aniline (PhNH

The rate of patient readmissions within a short period after discharge is a significant indicator for the healthcare quality of a hospital. Readmissions may result in an increased cost of a healthcare organization. Design of a model for predicting readmission would benefit on solving the above issues. This study aims to develop a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for predicting readmission of the patient with ischemic stroke (IS) after discharge. The IGS method, which integrates genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM), accompanied with three objective functions, was adopted to develop the CDSS. The data, retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), including 4351 patients (462 with readmission and 3889 without readmission) diagnosed with IS (ICD-9-CM Code 433–435), aged 20 years old and older, treated within 30 days of hospital admission and then discharged to outpatient treatment between Jan. 2007 and Dec. 2009, were used for designing the predictive models. The statistical analysis of demographics (gender and age) and other candidate variables (28) between patients with and without readmission is presented. Twelve of these 30 variables are significantly different (p < 0.05). CDSS models designed using three objective functions achieved predictive performances of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC curve (AUC) equaling 65.9-66.77%, 58.22-66.66%, 66.88-73.59%, and 0.6773-0.7183, respectively. Future work will focus on improving the predictive performance by including more effective risk factors and comorbidities, as well as integrating GA with more effective AI methods such as deep neural network to increase the predictive performance.

Ion-coincidence momentum imaging of Coulomb explosion of formaldehyde (H2CO) in femtosecond intense laser fields (800 nm, 1.3 × 1015 W/cm2) is performed with two different laser pulse durations (7 fs and 35 fs). In the 7-fs laser fields, the full fragmentation pathway from H2CO4+ → H+ + H+ + C+ + O+ is identified. The angles between the fragment momenta are well reproduced by a simple Coulomb explosion model from the geometry of neutral formaldehyde, showing that the molecular structure is virtually frozen along the bending coordinates during the multiple ionization. Three-body Coulomb explosion pathways from triply charged states, H2CO3+ → H+ + H+ + CO+ and H+ + CH+ + O+, are observed in both the 7-fs and 35-fs laser fields. Significant changes in the momentum angle distribution and asymmetric energy partitioning between two H+ ions are observed in the 35-fs case, which are attributed to structural deformation prior to the Coulomb explosion in the longer pulse.

Objective To assess effectiveness of the video-based m-health system providing videos dictated by physicians for health education and symptom self-management for patients with Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Methods An m-health system was designed to provide videos for weekly health education and symptom flare self-management. O'Leary-Sant index and visual analogue scale as well as SF-36 health survey were administrated to evaluate the disease severity and quality of life (QoL), respectively. A total of 60 IC/BPS patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either control group (30 patients) or study group (30 patients) in sequence depending on their orders to visit our urological clinic. Patients in both control and study groups received regular treatments, while those in the study group received additional video-based intervention. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes between baseline and postintervention for both groups. The outcomes of video-based intervention were also compared with the text-based intervention conducted in our previous study. Results After video-based intervention, patients in the study group exhibited significant effect manifested in all disease severity and QoL assessments except the pain visual analogue scale, while no significance was found in the control group. Moreover, the study group exhibited more significant net improvements than the control group in 7 SF-36 constructs, except the mental health. The limitations include short intervention duration (8 weeks) and different study periods between text-based and video-based interventions. Conclusion Video-based intervention is effective in improving the QoL of IC/BPS patients and outperforms the text-based intervention even in a short period of intervention.

UV-excited aromatic molecules with N-H/O-H moieties often possess an important nonradiative relaxation pathway, from an optically bright ππ

We demonstrate an analytical approach to monitor the effect of pH on protein tertiary structure. An autocatalytic enzyme reaction is used to stimulate refolding of proteins during real-time analysis. The method takes advantage of a nonlinear pH ramp generated by the urea-urease clock reaction. In this study, alterations to the structures of model proteins were monitored by mass spectrometry (charge pattern shift) and fluorometry (tryptophan fluorescence quenching). The pH measurements were conducted at different points of the sample flow line by different methods to minimize artifacts. Interestingly, different protein ions (corresponding to native and unfolded proteins) show distinct temporal mass spectral profiles, which reveal gradual refolding and concomitant deprotonation of higher charge state ions in the course of the clock reaction. Every multiply charged ion of a protein is characterized with its own "clock time". This approach does not require major modification of standard instrumentation. It enables determination of "high sensitivity" pH intervals for small and large molecules within a single experiment. Thus, it can be useful for characterizing the protein folding in response to pH change.

We characterized a cohort of patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with spinal cord involvement. We encountered 2 children and identified an additional 19 patients from the internet databases. Of the 21 patients analyzed, 8 were children. The mean peak systolic blood pressure in adults was significantly higher than in children (221.8 ± 14.3 vs 191.4 ± 31.3 mm Hg; P < .01). Regardless of age, the most common clinical symptom was headache (90%) and the least common clinical symptom was seizures (28%). Atypical neuroimaging was more common in children (63%) than in adults (8%). Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid results were frequently found in children (83%). All children recovered uneventfully, but 3 adults had sequelae. A broader clinicoradiologic spectrum makes the diagnosis of children more complex than in adults. Awareness of the atypical features with a meticulous management of hypertension is imperative to avoid unnecessary invasive workups and to achieve an uneventful recovery.

Much research has demonstrated that speeding is the most common offense among car drivers. However, few studies have focused on this offense among drivers of large trucks. This paper investigates the factors that lead to speeding offenses for drivers of large trucks in Taiwan. The study sample consisted of information for 2101 male large-truck drivers from a national survey in 2012. The results revealed that drivers’ daily working hours ranged from 2 to 15 h with a mean of 9.67 h, and that they worked for approximately 25.23 days – and rested only 4.77 days – per month. Among these observed drivers, 11.6% reported having at least one speeding offense over a one-year period. The results of a logistic regression model presented that the factors that influenced speeding offense were not related to job experience. Rather, the driver’s demographics (age and education), mental condition (sleep quality), and driving status (yearly distance driven and driving late at night) were significantly linked to speeding offenses.

Phenol can serve as a model for examining the deactivation of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine following UV excitation, which mainly occurs through a repulsive πσ

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of pyrimidine and purine at the carbon and nitrogen K-edges were measured using synchrotron radiation and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Spectrum assignments based on the time-dependent density functional theory calculation were presented. From the comparison of the experimental and theoretical results, the nature of various core-excitation transitions and the chemical shifts in the absorption energies were elucidated. The dissociation fragments following the core excitation were analyzed, and the enhancements on the fragment branching ratios were observed. The possible identities and dissociation mechanisms of the major fragments were discussed.

Females choosing taxi driving as a career is rare, therefore, investigating such samples is often difficult. Speeding is one of the most common driving violations, however, there has been no research looking into female taxi drivers’ speeding issue. This study explores the factors of female taxi drivers’ speeding offenses in Taiwan. Data is based on a national survey and includes 235 professional female taxi drivers. The results indicate that female taxi drivers work approximately 27.37 days per month, at a mean of 9.76 h per day. Of the female taxi drivers represented in this study, 22.8% reported at least one speeding offense over a one-year period. The results of a logistic regression model reveal that the determinant factors associated with female taxi drivers’ speeding offenses are significantly related to age, educational level and mileage driven. However, job experience, business operating style, and vehicle engine size are not associated with committing speeding offenses. Practical implications for traffic safety of female taxi drivers are also discussed.

The original ion imaging technique has low velocity resolution, and currently, photodissociation is mostly investigated using velocity map ion imaging. However, separating signals from the background (resulting from undissociated excited parent molecules) is difficult when velocity map ion imaging is used for the photodissociation of large molecules (number of atoms ≥ 10). In this study, we used the photodissociation of phenol at the S1 band origin as an example to demonstrate how our multimass ion imaging technique, based on modified spatial map ion imaging, can overcome this difficulty. The photofragment translational energy distribution obtained when multimass ion imaging was used differed considerably from that obtained when velocity map ion imaging and Rydberg atom tagging were used. We used conventional translational spectroscopy as a second method to further confirm the experimental results, and we conclude that data should be interpreted carefully when velocity map ion imaging or Rydberg atom tagging is used in the photodissociation of large molecules. Finally, we propose a modified velocity map ion imaging technique without the disadvantages of the current velocity map ion imaging technique.

We characterized a cohort of patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with spinal cord involvement. We encountered 2 children and identified an additional 19 patients from the internet databases. Of the 21 patients analyzed, 8 were children. The mean peak systolic blood pressure in adults was significantly higher than in children (221.8 ± 14.3 vs 191.4 ± 31.3 mm Hg; P.01). Regardless of age, the most common clinical symptom was headache (90%) and the least common clinical symptom was seizures (28%). Atypical neuroimaging was more common in children (63%) than in adults (8%). Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid results were frequently found in children (83%). All children recovered uneventfully, but 3 adults had sequelae. A broader clinicoradiologic spectrum makes the diagnosis of children more complex than in adults. Awareness of the atypical features with a meticulous management of hypertension is imperative to avoid unnecessary invasive workups and to achieve an uneventful recovery.

The ionization mechanism of ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (UV-MALDI) was investigated by measuring the total cation intensity (not including sodiated and potasiated ions) as a function of analyte concentration (arginine, histidine, and glycine) in a matrix of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP). The total ion intensity increased up to 55 times near the laser fluence threshold as the arginine concentration increased from 0% to 1%. The increases were small for histidine, and a minimal increase occurred for glycine. Time-resolved fluorescence intensity was employed to investigate how analytes affected the energy pooling of the matrix. No detectable energy pooling was observed for pure THAP and THAP/analyte mixtures. The results can be described by using a thermal proton transfer model, which suggested that thermally induced proton transfer is crucial in the primary ion generation in UV-MALDI.

UV-excited aromatic molecules with N–H/O–H moieties often possess an important nonradiative relaxation pathway, from an optically bright ππ* state to a dark dissociative πσ* state. We apply a new time-selected photofragment translational spectroscopy method to disclose a previously unknown triplet-mediated N–H dissociation of aniline prevented by the multiphoton dissociative ionization in conventional methods. We further determined the branching fractions of aniline dissociated in the πσ*, triplet, and ground states at 248 nm. Additionally, we selectively captured the population changes in the singlet and triplet states with ionization from different laser wavelengths, 355 or 266 nm, in time-resolved photoion yields. The combination of experimental data enables us to uniquely determine the relative ionization cross sections of the singlet and triplet states at an ionization laser wavelength of 266 nm and allows us to extensively measure the rate constants of intersystem crossing and the branching fractions at various excitation wavelengths.