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BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. METHODS: GARFIELD-VTE is a prospective, non-interventional observational study of real-world treatment practices. We aimed to capture the 36-month clinical outcomes of 10,679 patients with objectively confirmed VTE enrolled between May 2014 and January 2017 from 415 sites in 28 countries. FINDINGS: A total of 6582 (61.6 %) patients had DVT alone, 4097 (38.4 %) had PE ± DVT. At baseline, 98.1 % of patients received anticoagulation (AC) with or without other modalities of therapy. The proportion of patients on AC therapy decreased over time: 87.6 % at 3 months, 73.0 % at 6 months, 54.2 % at 12 months and 42.0 % at 36 months. At 12-months follow-up, the incidences (95 % confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality, recurrent VTE and major bleeding were 6.5 (7.0-8.1), 5.4 (4.9-5.9) and 2.7 (2.4-3.0) per 100 person-years, respectively. At 36-months, these decreased to 4.4 (4.2-4.7), 3.5 (3.2-2.7) and 1.4 (1.3-1.6) per 100 person-years, respectively. Over 36-months, the rate of all-cause mortality and major bleeds were highest in patients treated with parenteral therapy (PAR) versus oral anti-coagulants (OAC) and no OAC, and the rate of recurrent VTE was highest in patients on no OAC versus those on PAR and OAC. The most frequent cause of death after 36-month follow-up was cancer (n = 565, 48.6 %), followed by cardiac (n = 94, 8.1 %), and VTE (n = 38, 3.2 %). Most recurrent VTE events were DVT alone (n = 564, 63.3 %), with the remainder PE, (n = 236, 27.3 %), or PE in combination with DVT (n = 63, 7.3 %). INTERPRETATION: GARFIELD-VTE provides a global perspective of anticoagulation patterns and highlights the accumulation of events within the first 12 months after diagnosis. These findings may help identify treatment gaps for subsequent interventions to improve patient outcomes in this patient population. ispartof: THROMBOSIS RESEARCH vol:222 pages:31-39 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a disordered state of quantum-mechanically entangled spins commonly arising from frustrated magnetic dipolar interactions. However, QSL in some pyrochlore magnets can also come from frustrated magnetic octupolar interactions. Although the key signature for both dipolar and octupolar interaction-driven QSL is the presence of a spin excitation continuum (spinons) arising from the spin quantum number fractionalization, an external magnetic field-induced ferromagnetic order will transform the spinons into conventional spin waves in a dipolar QSL. By contrast, in an octupole QSL, the spin waves carry octupole moments that do not couple, in the leading order, to the external magnetic field or to neutron moments but will contribute to the field dependence of the heat capacity. Here we use neutron scattering to show that the application of a large external magnetic field to Ce2Zr2O7, an octupolar QSL candidate, induces an Anderson-Higgs transition by condensing the spinons into a static ferromagnetic ordered state with octupolar spin waves invisible to neutrons but contributing to the heat capacity. Our theoretical calculations also provide a microscopic, qualitative understanding for the presence of octupole scattering at large wavevectors in Ce2Sn2O7 pyrochlore, and its absence in Ce2Zr2O7. Therefore, our results identify Ce2Zr2O7 as a strong candidate for an octupolar U (1) QSL, establishing that frustrated magnetic octupolar interactions are responsible for QSL properties in Ce-based pyrochlore magnets.

The recommended maintenance dose of prasugrel for East Asian populations (i.e., Japanese and Taiwanese) is 3.75 mg as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the prevention of recurrent ischemia and stent thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This modified dosage regimen has been established in studies conducted in Japan; however, the efficacy and safety of switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel DAPT among Taiwanese patients remain to be explored. In this phase IV, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study, we evaluated the 4-week pharmacodynamic response, and the 48-week safety outcomes of prasugrel 3.75 mg after a switch from clopidogrel in Taiwanese ACS patients. A total of 203 prasugrel-naïve ACS patients (over 90% male) who had received post-PCI clopidogrel DAPT for at least 2 weeks were enrolled from ten medical centers in Taiwan and subsequently switched to prasugrel 3.75 mg DAPT. Four weeks after the switch, P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) values were significantly decreased in the total cohort (mean − 18.2 ± 48.1; 95% confidence interval − 24.9 to − 11.5,p 208) dropped from 23.5 to 10% (p

The competition between Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY), crystal electric field (CEF), and Kondo energy scales has recently emerged at the heart of complex magnetism in several Ce- or Yb-based intermetallics. Hard axis magnetic order has been observed in a handful of these compounds, independent of the crystal symmetry, size of the ordered moment, or the relative scale of the Kondo and magnetic ordering temperatures. This raises the question of the role of each energy scale in driving the ground state properties. In focusing on a single class of compounds, the rhombohedral R${\mathrm{Rh}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$, we compare the anisotropy and magnetic ground states in members of this series with only RKKY interactions (R = Gd), or RKKY and CEF effects (R = Tb-Tm), with the behavior of the R = Yb compound, where all three energy scales (RKKY, CEF, Kondo) are at play. Moreover, we extend the comparison to two other isostructural Kondo systems ${\mathrm{YbIr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{YbIr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{7}$, where hard axis magnetic order is also observed. The non-Kondo compounds R${\mathrm{Rh}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$ (R = Tb-Tm) lack the complexity of magnetic order along the hard CEF axis, pointing to the dominant role of the Kondo effect in driving this magnetic order. However, the CEF-RKKY competition is still responsible for complex magnetic ground states, and it appears that the electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom are entangled in all magnetic members of this series of compounds.

Metal-to-insulator transitions (MIT) can be driven by a number of different mechanisms, each resulting in a different type of insulator—Change in chemical potential can induce a transition from a metal to a band insulator; strong correlations can drive a metal into a Mott insulator with an energy gap; an Anderson transition, on the other hand, due to disorder leads to a localized insulator without a gap in the spectrum. Here, we report the discovery of an alternative route for MIT driven by the creation of a network of narrow channels. Transport data on Pt substituted for Ti in 1T-TiSe2 shows a dramatic increase of resistivity by five orders of magnitude for few % of Pt substitution, with a power-law dependence of the temperature-dependent resistivity ρ(T). Our scanning tunneling microscopy data show that Pt induces an irregular network of nanometer-thick domain walls (DWs) of charge density wave (CDW) order, which pull charge carriers out of the bulk and into the DWs. While the CDW domains are gapped, the charges confined to the narrow DWs interact strongly, with pseudogap-like suppression in the local density of states, even when they were weakly interacting in the bulk, and scatter at the DW network interconnects thereby generating the highly resistive state. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy spectra exhibit pseudogap behavior corroborating the spatial coexistence of gapped domains and narrow domain walls with excess charge carriers.

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase 3 randomized trials. The EXPosurE Registry RiociguaT in patients with pulmonary hypertension (EXPERT) study was designed to monitor the long-term safety of riociguat in clinical practice. Methods: EXPERT was an international, multicenter, prospective, uncontrolled, non-interventional cohort study of patients treated with riociguat. Patients were followed for at least 1 year and up to 4 years from enrollment or until 30 days after stopping riociguat treatment. Primary safety outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms and System Organ Classes version 21.0, collected during routine clinic visits and collated via case report forms. Results: In total, 956 patients with CTEPH were included in the analysis. The most common AEs in these patients were peripheral edema/edema (11.7%), dizziness (7.5%), right ventricular (RV)/cardiac failure (7.7%), and pneumonia (5.0%). The most common SAEs were RV/cardiac failure (7.4%), pneumonia (4.1%), dyspnea (3.6%), and syncope (2.5%). Exposure-adjusted rates of hemoptysis/pulmonary hemorrhage and hypotension were low and comparable to those in the long-term extension study of riociguat (Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble Guanylate Cyclase–Stimulator Trial [CHEST-2]). Conclusion: Data from EXPERT show that in patients with CTEPH, the safety of riociguat in routine practice was consistent with the known safety profile of the drug, and no new safety concerns were identified. © 2020 The Authors Eli Lilly and Company; Pfizer; Bayer; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck; Actelion Pharmaceuticals; Meso Scale Diagnostics; United Therapeutics Corporation; Novartis Pharma; Merck Sharp and Dohme; GlaxoSmithKline Australia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Grupo Ferrer Internacional, S.A The EXPERT registry was funded by Bayer AG (Berlin, Germany) and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. The authors acknowledge the database administration by Torsten Tille, Dresden, and the project administration of Mrs Romy Hoppenz and Mrs Linda Kottke at GWT-TUD GmbH, Dresden. Medical writing services provided by Richard Murphy PhD of Adelphi Communications Ltd, Macclesfield, UK were funded by Bayer AG in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Prof Marius M. Hoeper reports personal fees from Bayer AG, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Actelion, personal fees from Acceleron, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Jansen, personal fees from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Dr Hans Klose reports speaker and consultancy fees from Actelion, Bayer AG, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics and research support from Actelion, Bayer AG, GSK, Pfizer, and MSD. Dr Michael Halank reports personal fees and non-financial support from Actelion, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Berlin-Chemie, GSK, OMT, MSD, and Novartis. Dr George Giannakoulas reports speaker and consultancy fees from Actelion, Bayer, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, GSK, Pfizer, Lilly, and United Therapeutics, and research support from GSK, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, and Galenica. Dr Henning Gall has received honoraria and/or other support from Actelion, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, OMT, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics. Dr Pavel Jansa reports consultancy and speaker fees from MSD, AOP Orphan, and Actelion. Prof Ekkehard Grünig reports research grants and speaker honoraria/consultancy fees from Actelion and Bayer/MSD, research grants from GSK, United Therapeutics, Bellerophon, OMT GmbH, Pfizer, Reata, and Novartis, and speaker honoraria from Bial, Medscape, and OrPha Swiss GmbH. Prof David Pittrow reports personal fees from Actelion, Bayer AG, Aspen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Biogen, Shire, and MSD outside the submitted work. Silvia Ulrich reports research grants and personal fees from Actelion, Bayer, MSD, and Orpha Swiss. Tobias J. Lange has received personal fees from Actelion, MSD, Pfizer, and OMT orphan. Dr Iraklis Tsangaris reports speaker and consultancy fees from Actelion, Bayer AG, ELPEN, GSK, MSD, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics. Stephan Rosenkranz reports remunerations for lectures and/or consultancy from Abbott, Actelion, Arena, Bayer, Ferrer, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics; and research support to his institution from Actelion, Bayer, Novartis, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics. Repke J. Snijder reports grants from Pfizer and Actelion Pharmaceuticals. Prof Iveta Šimková reports consultancy and speaker fees from MSD, AOP Orphan, and Actelion. Dr Marc Humbert reports grants and personal fees from Bayer and GSK, and personal fees from Actelion, Merck, and United Therapeutics. Marion Delcroix has received investigator, speaker, consultant, and steering committee member fees from Actelion, Bayer AG, Bellerophon, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Pfizer, and Reata, and research grants from Actelion. Joan A. Barberà reports receipt of honoraria for consultation or speaker fees from Actelion and Merck; and research support through his institution from Actelion, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Ferrer. Joanna Pepke-Zaba reports research grants and speaker honoraria/consultancy fees from Actelion, Bayer/MSD, and GSK. Jean-Luc Vachiéry reports ongoing consultancies to Actelion, Sonnivie, Arena Pharma, Bial Portela, and Respira Therapeutics, past consultancies to AstraZeneca, BayerShering, CardioMEMS, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Merck, and United Therapeutics, and current membership of an advisory board or similar group for Actelion and GlaxoSmithKline. Jean-Luc Vachiéry's institution receives funding from Actelion Pharmaceuticals for performing clinical studies. Regina Steringer-Mascherbauer, Jens Klotsche, and Miguel-Angel Gomez Sanchez have no conflicts of interest relevant to the EXPERT study. Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani reports personal fees for advisory board work, and payment for lectures including service on speaker bureaus, from Actelion, Bayer, GSK, Novartis, and Pfizer; consultancy fees from Actelion, Bayer, Bellerophon Pulse Technologies, GSK, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer; and grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Pilar Escribano Subias reports personal fees from Actelion, Bayer AG, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck Sharp & Dohme, and grants from Actelion, Bayer AG, GlaxoSmithKline, and Ferrer, outside the submitted work. Gérald Simonneau reports personal fees and non-financial support from Actelion, personal fees and non-financial support from Bayer, personal fees and non-financial support from MSD, outside the submitted work. Douglas S. Helmersen reports industry-sponsored research with Bayer AG, United Therapeutics, and Gilead Sciences, Inc., and advisory board/speaker fees from Bayer AG and Actelion. David Langleben reports honoraria, consultation fees, research support, and/or travel expenses from Actelion, Arena, Bayer AG, Northern Therapeutics, PhaseBio, Acceleron, Janssen, and United Therapeutics. Anco Boonstra reports consultancy fees from Pfizer BV and hospitality from Teva Nederland. Lisa M. Mielniczuk reports speaker fees and honoraria from Bayer AG, and speaker fees, consultancy fees, and travel fees from Actelion. Evgenia Williams and Christian Meier are employees of Bayer AG.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potential life-threatening condition and risk-adapted diagnostic and therapeutic management conveys a favorable outcome. For patients at high risk for early complications and mortality, prompt exclusion or confirmation of PE by imaging is the key step to initiate and facilitate reperfusion treatment. Among patients with hemodynamic instability, systemic thrombolysis improves survival, whereas surgical embolectomy or percutaneous intervention are alternatives in experienced hands in scenarios where systemic thrombolysis is not the best preferred thromboreduction measure. For patients with suspected PE who are not at high risk for early complications and mortality, the organized approach using a structured evaluation system to assess the pretest probability, the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-offs, the appropriate selection of imaging tools, and proper interpretation of imaging results is important when deciding the allocation of treatment strategies. Patients with PE requires anticoagulation treatment. In patients with cancer and thrombosis, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) used to be the standard regimen. Recently, three factor Xa inhibitors collectively show that non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are as effective as LMWH in four randomized clinical trials. Therefore, NOACs are suitable and preferred in most conditions. Finally, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is the most disabling long-term complication of PE. Because of its low incidence, the extra caution should be given when managing patients with PE.

We have studied the terahertz response of the rare-earth orthoferrite $\text{Er}_{x}\mathrm{Y}_{1-x}\text{FeO}_{3}$ as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and yttrium composition ( $x$ ). Through theoretical modelling based on an extended Dicke Hamiltonian, we provide new insight into the role of cooperative, “superradiant” interactions between Er spins and Fe magnons in the low-temperature phase transition that this magnetic system exhibits.

Triangular lattice of rare-earth ions with interacting effective spin-$1/2$ local moments is an ideal platform to explore the physics of quantum spin liquids (QSLs) in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling, crystal electric fields, and geometrical frustration. The Yb delafossites, NaYbCh$_2$ (Ch=O, S, Se) with Yb ions forming a perfect triangular lattice, have been suggested to be candidates for QSLs. Previous thermodynamics, nuclear magnetic resonance, and muon spin rotation measurements on NaYbCh$_2$ have supported the suggestion of the QSL ground states. The key signature of a QSL, the spin excitation continuum, arising from the spin quantum number fractionalization, has not been observed. Here we perform both elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements as well as detailed thermodynamic measurements on high-quality single-crystalline NaYbSe$_2$ samples to confirm the absence of long-range magnetic order down to 40 mK, and further reveal a clear signature of magnetic excitation continuum extending from 0.1 to 2.5 meV. The comparison between the structure of the magnetic excitation spectra and the theoretical expectation from the spinon continuum suggests that the ground state of NaYbSe$_2$ is a QSL with a spinon Fermi surface., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures

We report a chemical substitution-induced ferromagnetic quantum critical point in polycrystalline Ni$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$ alloys. Through magnetization and muon spin relaxation measurements, we show that the ferromagnetic ordering temperature is suppressed continuously to zero at $x_{crit} = 0.375$ while the magnetic volume fraction remains 100% up to $x_{crit}$, pointing to a second order transition. Non-Fermi liquid behavior is observed close to $x_{crit}$, where the electronic specific heat $C_{el}/T$ diverges logarithmically, while immediately above $x_{crit}$ the volume thermal expansion coefficient $\alpha_{V}/T$ and the Gr\"uneisen ratio $\Gamma = \alpha_{V}/C_{el}$ both diverge logarithmically in the low temperature limit, further indication of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point in Ni$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

We excited terahertz magnons in Er*Yi_*FeO3 as a function of temperature, magnetic field, and yttrium composition (x), providing insight into the role of cooperative Er3+-Fe3+ exchange interactions in the low-temperature phase transition.

The micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) process and packaging with poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer materials are important technologies in semiconductor industries. In this study, we propose using the L9 orthogonal array to determine the optimal parameters for an optical fiber sensor packaged with PDMS. According to analysis of variance results, the optimal parameters are as follows: a grating with a diameter of 60 μm, a period of 650 μm, and a length of 2.5 cm, as well as a photoresist structure with a width of 2 mm. The results of a large-the-best (LTB) analysis indicated that the expected sensitivity value of a sensor with those parameters would be around 0.0345 dB⁄μe. After testing and verification, the sensitivity results indicated a mean sensitivity of 0.0339 dB⁄μe, with the deviation in sensitivity being less than 0.14%.

The recommended maintenance dose of prasugrel for East Asian populations (i.e., Japanese and Taiwanese) is 3.75 mg as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the prevention of recurrent ischemia and stent thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This modified dosage regimen has been established in studies conducted in Japan; however, the efficacy and safety of switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel DAPT among Taiwanese patients remain to be explored. In this phase IV, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study, we evaluated the 4-week pharmacodynamic response, and the 48-week safety outcomes of prasugrel 3.75 mg after a switch from clopidogrel in Taiwanese ACS patients. A total of 203 prasugrel-naïve ACS patients (over 90% male) who had received post-PCI clopidogrel DAPT for at least 2 weeks were enrolled from ten medical centers in Taiwan and subsequently switched to prasugrel 3.75 mg DAPT. Four weeks after the switch, P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) values were significantly decreased in the total cohort (mean - 18.2 ± 48.1; 95% confidence interval - 24.9 to - 11.5, p 0.001), and there was an overall consistent antiplatelet response in the treated subjects. The proportion of patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR; PRU 208) dropped from 23.5 to 10% (p 0.001). Female sex was associated with a greater PRU reduction with prasugrel, whereas HPR at baseline, age ≥ 65 years, and body mass index ≥ 25 best predicted HPR at Week 4. Throughout the 48-week treatment with prasugrel, the incidences of MACE (1.0%) and TIMI major bleeding (2.0%) were rather low, accompanying an acceptable safety profile of TIMI minor (6.4%) and non-major, non-minor clinically relevant bleeding (3.0%). Overall, switching to the maintenance dose of prasugrel (3.75 mg) was observed to be effective and well tolerated among post-PCI ACS patients in Taiwan. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03672097.

In this paper, two transparent thin-film transistors (TFTs) with distinct channel designs were fabricated. The first was a single-channel TFT (SC-TFT) with a typical 50-nm-thick amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) layer, and the second was a sandwich composite-channel TFT (CC-TFT) comprising three layers of 10-/30-/10-nm-thick Ti-doped GaZnO (GTZO)/a-IGZO/GTZO. In the CC-TFT, the bottom GTZO thin film in the composite channel exhibited a highly smooth surface, serving as a buffer template for superior IGZO channel layer thin-film growth. The top GTZO thin film had a high carrier concentration and served as both a carrier supplement and passivation layer for reducing the adsorption of moisture and oxygen molecules. The studies of material quality indicated that the CC-TFT exhibited improved a-IGZO thin-film quality; relative to the SC-TFT, the oxygen vacancy concentration of the composite structure was reduced from 25.1% to 18.2%. The CC-TFT demonstrated a high level of device performance, exhibiting an excellent field-effect mobility of 14.1 cm2/ $\text{V}\,\cdot \, \text{s}$ , subthreshold swing of 0.33 V/decade, off current of $2.92 \times 10^{-12}$ A, threshold voltage of 1.7 V, and on–off current ratio of $3.95 \times 10^{7}$ . Stable device operation with nearly unaltered device characteristics was observed following a bias-stress test.

We report the discovery of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{13}$, a Remeika phase with a complex array of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties. Our single crystal x-ray diffraction measurements show that ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{13}$ forms in the tetragonally distorted $I{4}_{1}/amd$ space group, which has three distinct rare earth sites. The electrical resistivity is almost temperature independent over three decades in temperature, from 0.4 K to 400 K, while the Hall coefficient measurements are consistent with a low-carrier semimetal. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal an effective moment, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{exp}}=1.87{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{Ce}$, that falls significantly short of the expected value for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$, suggesting that two of the rare earth sites are occupied by magnetic ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ while the third is occupied by nonmagnetic ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{4+}$. Upon cooling, ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{13}$ first enters a short range magnetically ordered state below ${T}_{\text{SRO}}=10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, marked by a deviation from Curie-Weiss behavior in susceptibility and a broad field-independent heat capacity anomaly. At lower temperatures, we observe a second, sharper peak in the heat capacity at ${T}^{*}=1.7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, concurrent with a splitting of the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled susceptibilities. A small resistivity drop at ${T}^{*}$ suggests a loss of spin disorder scattering consistent with a magnetic ordering or spin freezing transition. ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{13}$ is therefore a rare example of an inhomogeneous mixed valence compound with a complex array of thermodynamic and transport properties.

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been grown for the first time, for which we show a possible layer-selective Mott insulator behavior. This compound stands out as a hybrid structure of ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ and MnAs layers, analogously to the active ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ and FeAs layers, respectively, in the cuprate and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Electrical transport, neutron diffraction measurements, together with density functional theory calculations on ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ single crystals converge toward a picture of independent magnetic order at ${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}79$ K and ${T}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}360$ K for the two Mn sublattices, with insulating behavior at odds with the metallic behavior predicted by calculations. Furthermore, our inelastic neutron-scattering studies of spin-wave dispersions for the Mn(1) sublattice reveal an effective magnetic exchange coupling of $SJ\ensuremath{\sim}3.7$ meV. This is much smaller than those for the Mn(2) sublattice.

Ferromagnetic Kondo lattice compounds are far less common than their antiferromagnetic analogs. In this work, we report the discovery of a new ferromagnetic Kondo lattice compound, YbIr3Ge7. Like almost all ferromagnetic Kondo lattice systems, YbIr3Ge7 shows magnetic order with moments aligned orthogonal to the crystal electric field (CEF) easy axis. YbIr3Ge7 is unique in that it is the only member of this class of compounds that crystallizes in a rhombohedral structure with a trigonal point symmetry of the magnetic site, and it lacks broken inversion symmetry at the local moment site. AC magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and specific heat measurements show that YbIr3Ge7 has a Kondo temperature TK = 14 K and a Curie temperature TC = 2.4 K. Ferromagnetic order occurs along the crystallographic [100] hard CEF axis despite the large CEF anisotropy of the ground state Kramers doublet with a saturation moment along [001] almost four times larger than the one along [100]. This implies that a mechanism which considers the anisotropy in the exchange interaction to explain the hard axis ordering is unlikely. On the other hand, the broad second-order phase transition at TC favors a fluctuation-induced mechanism.

Sharp magnetization switching and large magnetoresistance (MR) were previously discovered in single crystals of 2H-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ and attributed to the Fe superstructure and its defects. We report similar sharp switching and large MR in 1T-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$ ($0.086\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\le}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}x\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\le}0.703$) while providing a side-by-side comparison of the only two such ferromagnetic transition-metal dichalcogenides. The switching field ${H}_{s}$ and MR values are similar in both 1T-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$ and 2H-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$, with a larger than expected bowtie $\ensuremath{\rho}(H)$ and a sharper hysteresis loop for $H\ensuremath{\parallel}c$ in the former. The Curie and Weiss temperatures remain roughly constant below $x\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}1/3$ in the $T=\text{Ti}$ single crystals before increasing monotonically for higher $x$, while ${H}_{s}$ and MR reach maxima where defects in the superstructure exist, or a minimum near superstructure compositions, and they remain constant above $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.4$. Despite previous reports, electron diffraction shows only the $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ superstructure in 1T-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$. Glassy behavior is shown to coexist within the ferromagnetic state in 1T-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$ for compositions between 0.1 and 0.703. A simple theoretical model considering first-, second- and third-neighbor interactions yields a phase diagram that accounts for both spin glass behavior and different superstructures.

Background Parenteral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have constituted the cornerstone of venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. Meanwhile, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) provide physicians with an alternative. The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD)-VTE observes real-world treatment practices. Objectives Describe initial anticoagulation (AC) treatment patterns in VTE patients who received parenteral AC, VKAs, and/or DOACs within ±30 days of diagnosis. Methods VTE patients were categorized into parenteral AC only, parenteral AC with transition to VKA, VKA only, parenteral AC with transition to DOAC, and DOAC only. Results A total of 9647 patients were initiated on AC treatment alone. 4781 (49.6%) patients received DOACs ± parenteral ACs; 3187 (33.0%), VKA ± parenteral ACs; and 1679 (17.4%) parenteral ACs alone. Rivaroxaban was the most frequently used DOAC (79.4%). DOACs were more frequently used in North America/Australia (58.1%), Europe (52.2%), and Asia (47.6%) than in Latin America (29.7%) and the Middle East/South Africa (32.5%). In patients with suspected VTE, most received parenteral AC monotherapy (67.7%). Patients with deep vein thrombosis were more likely to receive DOACs alone than those with pulmonary embolism with or without deep vein thrombosis (36.2% vs 25.9%). Active cancer patients received parenteral AC alone (58.9%), with 25.5% receiving DOAC ± parenteral AC and 12.8% parenteral AC and VKA. A total of 46.5% of pregnant patients received parenteral AC monotherapy, 34.0% were treated with VKA ± parenteral AC, and 19.5% received a DOAC (± parenteral AC). Conclusion AC treatment patterns vary by patient population, geographic region and site of VTE. Guidelines for AC therapy are not always adhered to.

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state of matter where unpaired electrons' spins in a solid are quantum entangled, but do not show magnetic order in the zero-temperature limit. Because such a state may be important to the microscopic origin of high-transition temperature superconductivity and useful for quantum computation, the experimental realization of QSL is a long-sought goal in condensed matter physics. Although neutron scattering experiments on the two-dimensional (2D) spin-1/2 kagome-lattice ZnCu3(OD)6Cl2 and effective spin-1/2 triangular lattice YbMgGaO4 have found evidence for a continuum of magnetic excitations, the hallmark of a QSL carrying 'fractionalized quantum excitations', at very low temperature, magnetic and nonmagnetic site chemical disorder complicates the interpretation of the data. Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) Ce3+ pyrochlore lattice Ce2Sn2O7 has been suggested as a clean, effective spin-1/2 QSL candidate, but there is no evidence of a spin excitation continuum. Here we use thermodynamic, muon spin relaxation ({\mu} SR), and neutron scattering experiments on single crystals of Ce2Zr2O7, a compound isostructural to Ce2Sn2O7, to demonstrate the absence of magnetic ordering and the presence of a spin excitation continuum at 35 mK, consistent with the expectation of a QSL. Since our neutron diffraction and diffuse scattering measurements on Ce2Zr2O7 reveal no evidence of oxygen deficiency and magnetic/nonmagnetic ion disorder as seen in other pyrochlores, Ce2Zr2O7 may be the first example of a 3D QSL material with minimum magnetic and nonmagnetic chemical disorder.

Dilute impurities and growth conditions can drastically affect the transport properties of TiSe$_2$, especially below the charge density wave transition. In this paper, we discuss the effects of cooling rate, annealing time and annealing temperature on the transport properties of TiSe$_2$: slow cooling of polycrystalline TiSe$_2$ post-synthesis drastically increases the low temperature resistivity, which is in contrast to the metallic behavior of single-crystalline TiSe$_2$ due to charge doping from the residual iodine transport agent. A logarithmic increase of resistivity upon cooling and negative magnetoresistance with a sharp cusp around zero field are observed for the first time for the polycrystalline TiSe$_2$ samples, pointing to weak-localization effects due to low dimensionality. Annealing at low temperatures has a similar, but less drastic effect. Furthermore, rapid quenching of the polycrystalline samples from high temperatures freezes in disorder, leading to a decrease in the low temperature resistivity., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

EuGa4 hosts a magnetic Eu2+ sublattice surrounded by a network of covalently-bound Ga atoms with the BaAl4 structure type (space group I4/ m m m ). In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of three new single crystal substitutional series Eu A x 1 − x Ga4 with A ​= ​Ca, Sr, or La. X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements show that Ca substitution induced a structural phase transition from the tetragonal crystal structure at high temperatures to the monoclinic crystal structure (CaGa4 type, space group C2/m) at low temperatures and suppressed the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature to 8.8 ​K for x ​= ​0.45. Comparatively, La or Sr substitution maintained the tetragonal crystal structure and suppressed the antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures to 6.7 ​K and 1.6 ​K for (A, x) = (La, 0.37) and (Sr, 0.91), respectively. In addition to suppressing the magnetic order, magnetization and specific heat measurements indicate the onset of anisotropic metamagnetic transitions in (La, 0.18), (La, 0.37), and (Sr, 0.63), along with an incommensurate-to-commensurate magnetic transition in (Sr, 0.38). By comparing these effects of doping EuGa4, we show how size, disorder, and charge determine the structure-physical property relations in EuGa4.

${\mathrm{CeIr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{7}$ is an antiferromagnetic metal with a remarkably low ordering temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.63\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, while most Ce-based magnets order between 2 and 15 K. Thermodynamic and transport properties as a function of magnetic field or pressure do not show signatures of Kondo correlations, interaction competition, or frustration, as had been observed in a few antiferromagnets with comparably low or lower ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. The averaged Weiss temperature measured below 10 K is comparable to ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$, suggesting that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida exchange coupling is very weak in this material. The unusually low ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ in ${\mathrm{CeIr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{7}$ can therefore be attributed to the large Ce-Ce bond length of about 5.7 \AA{}, which is about 1.5 \AA{} larger than in the most Ce-based intermetallic systems.

The solid solution $\mathrm{Eu}{({\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x})}_{4}$ was grown in single crystal form to reveal a rich variety of crystallographic, magnetic, and electronic properties that differ from the isostructural end compounds ${\mathrm{EuGa}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{EuAl}}_{4}$, despite the similar covalent radii and electronic configurations of Ga and Al. Here we report the onset of magnetic spin reorientation and metamagnetic transitions for $x=0--1$ evidenced by magnetization and temperature-dependent specific heat measurements. ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ changes nonmonotonously with $x$, and it reaches a maximum around 20 K for $x=0.50$, where the $a$ lattice parameter also shows an extreme (minimum) value. Anomalies in the temperature-dependent resistivity consistent with charge density wave behavior exist only for $x=0.50$ and 1. Density functional theory calculations show increased polarization between the Ga-Al covalent bonds in the $x=0.50$ structure compared to the end compounds, such that crystallographic order and chemical pressure are proposed as the causes of the charge density wave behavior.

Using a risk event simulation and test method, this study enabled drivers with different levels of driving experience to receive situation awareness training. Novice and experienced drivers have different levels of road risk perception, with the former required to gradually accumulate experience from risks because it is more difficult for them to perceive potential road risks. In this project, a driving simulation system was employed as the research tool. The car simulation platform PreScan was used to produce the semi real traffic environment for the risk perception education, which enabled the trained drivers to observe the potential road risks in the simulation process, where the risk perception time and risk reaction time for all training were recorded to determine whether the decision-making was correct. The reliability and validity analysis results indicated that the simulator-based risk training could significantly enhance the learning of road risk perceptions for drivers.

Kondo-based semimetals and semiconductors are of extensive current interest as a viable platform for strongly correlated states. It is thus important to understand the routes towards such dilute-carrier correlated states. One established pathway is through Kondo effect in metallic non-magnetic analogues. Here we advance a new mechanism, through which Kondo-based semimetals develop out of conduction electrons with a low carrier-density in the presence of an even number of rare-earth sites. We demonstrate this effect by studying the Kondo material Yb3Ir4Ge13 along with its closed-f-shell counterpart, Lu3Ir4Ge13. Through magnetotransport, optical conductivity and thermodynamic measurements, we establish that the correlated semimetallic state of Yb3Ir4Ge13 below its Kondo temperature originates from the Kondo effect of a low carrier conduction-electron background. In addition, it displays fragile magnetism at very low temperatures, which, in turn, can be tuned to a non Fermi liquid regime through Lu-for-Yb substitution. These findings are connected with recent theoretical studies in simplified models. Our results open an entirely new venue to explore the strong correlation physics in a semimetallic environment.

The magnetic and transport properties of bulk doped manganite, La0.5−yYySr0.5MnO3 have been studied as a function of (Y) yttrium doping, y, for 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 0.25. In the absence of the yttrium this is a well studied half-doped manganite which is a metallic ferromagnet. With successive doping of Y the system undergoes a transformation from rhombohedral (space group R 3 ¯ - C ) to orthorhombically (space group Pnma) distorted perovskite structure, due to the large distortions caused by the yttrium; this is seen directly from the softening of the Mn–O stretching mode (around 600 cm−1) as a function of Y3+ doping which has relatively lower ionic radius compared to La3+ and Sr2+. These distortions make this series of compounds particularly interesting. The magnetization obtained in zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) studies show dramatic changes as the value of y is raised above 0.05. This is accompanied by a transition from the metallic and into a semiconducting state as is seen from the studies of the electrical resistivity. The magnetic behavior is further investigated by a study of the hysteresis loops, frequency dependent susceptibility and studies of the magnetic relaxation. The results are understood in terms of the average size of the cation on the A site, 〈rA〉, and the variance, σ2 (=∑yi2ri2 − 〈rA〉2). The value of the variance, σ2, increases rapidly with doping, y, induces weakening of the long range ferromagnetic ordering, exhibiting a stepwise variation of magnetization (metamagnetic like). Based on the present results a magnetic phase diagram has been drawn demonstrating different magnetic phase sequences with the variation of σ2.

The ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition of the itinerant electron-system Sr1−x Ca x RuO3 can be tuned by chemical composition resulting in a quantum critical point (QCP) at the critical concentration x c ≈ 0.7. Applying epitaxial pressure at constant x leads to a reduction of the Curie temperature T C which is found to be proportional to the shrinkage of the unit-cell volume V uc , shifting x c to higher values for tensile strained films. Surprisingly, the tetragonal distortion seems to play here only a minor role. With increasing x the critical scaling of the order parameter shows unusual behavior. The magnetic critical exponents β, γ, and δ change systematically from typical mean-field values at x = 0 with increasing x towards β = 1, γ = 0.9 and δ = 1.6 at x = 0.7. The results are discussed with respect to a crossover from mean-field-like behavior at x = 0 to a line of fixed points that might emerge in the strong-disorder limit as the system approaches the QCP at or near x c . Magnetic inhomogeneities are indeed suggested by a non-vanishing magnetic moment at x c and the evidence of a Griffiths phase as well as glass-like behavior close to x c . Although spin fluctuations certainly play an important role around x c as proposed previously, our highly accurate data of the magnetization M(T,B) and specific heat C(T,B) for x = 0.7 suggest dynamic scaling with an unusual dynamic exponent z = 1.8, incompatible with standard spin-fluctuation theories at a ferromagnetic QCP.

We report the growth of thin films of ternary metal chalcogenide Ag 3 SbS 3 . The growth involves two steps: (1) Ag 3 SbS 3 nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method; (2) a post-annealing process transformed the Ag 3 SbS 3 nanoparticles into Ag 3 SbS 3 films. The best Ag 3 SbS 3 nanoparticles were obtained with the hydrothermal reaction temperature of 140 °C for 12 h. The formation of Ag 3 SbS 3 films is sensitive to the annealing temperature and the best films were produced at 440 °C. The XRD pattern reveals the Ag 3 SbS 3 single phase. The prepared Ag 3 SbS 3 film has a smooth, uniform surface with a medium particle size of ~200 nm. Optical absorption reveals an energy gap of 1.8 eV and a large absorption coefficient of 2.1×10 5 cm −1 at λ =400 nm. The large optical absorption suggests that Ag 3 SbS 3 films could be a potential solar cell material. Compared to the laser technique used formally, the present growth method is simpler, lower cost and able to produce high-quality Ag 3 SbS 3 films.

In this paper, we use vehicle sensor simulation platform (PreScan) to simulate the circumstance of driving on road to test the vehicle sensor. First, use PreScan to set up a scenario of streets and roads or to input realistic street view, to build virtual facilities, streets and scenes and add vehicles, road incidents, traffic signals, human errors, light factors and weather conditions, etc., as the base to test car sensor. After the construction of the virtual road scene, add PreScan built-in vehicle module and set up a camera at appropriate place to get the perspective of the driver. Then use SimuLink to set model for vehicle sensors for testing. In order to improve the safety, the efficiency and the consistency of road transport, Driver Supporting System and Intelligent Transport System could be the most potential creation in the market. The technology of Active Park Assist also becomes more important to the vehicle manufacturers. The performance/function of the vehicle sensor is a key point. The test vehicle sensors in the past mostly use real vehicles for test and the risk and the cost of this kind of test is huge and expensive. But if we test it by PreScan, it can not only provide with almost real physical data to reliable information, but also can avoid the risks and the tremendous amount of cost resulted from using real vehicles for test.

In this review, an overview of itinerant magnets without magnetic elements is presented, beginning with a comparison of the local and itinerant moment pictures, the two extremes of magnetism. Then, the theoretical developments leading up to the self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations will be discussed, followed by an introduction to quantum criticality and the experimental signatures associated with systems near a quantum critical point. Three itinerant magnets without magnetic elements, ZrZn2, Sc3.1In, and TiAu are the focus of this review, as their empty d shells set them apart in their purely itinerant character, while several enhanced Pauli paramagnets and intermediate moment magnets are also discussed to put the overall comparison into perspective.

In the heavy-fermion metal CePdAl long-range antiferromagnetic order coexists with geometric frustration of one third of the Ce moments. At low temperatures the Kondo effect tends to screen the frustrated moments. We use magnetic fields $B$ to suppress the Kondo screening and study the magnetic phase diagram and the evolution of the entropy with $B$ employing thermodynamic probes. We estimate the frustration by introducing a definition of the frustration parameter based on the enhanced entropy, a fundamental feature of frustrated systems. In the field range where the Kondo screening is suppressed the liberated moments tend to maximize the magnetic entropy and strongly enhance the frustration. Based on our experiments, this field range may be a promising candidate to search for a quantum spin liquid., Comment: 5+2 pages with 4 figures

The microscopic mechanism governing the zero-resistance flow of current in some iron-based, high-temperature superconducting materials is not well understood up to now. A central issue concerning the investigation of these materials is their superconducting gap symmetry and structure. Here we present a combined study of low-temperature specific heat and scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on single crystalline FeSe. The results reveal the existence of at least two superconducting gaps which can be represented by a phenomenological two-band model. The analysis of the specific heat suggests significant anisotropy in the gap magnitude with deep gap minima. The tunneling spectra display an overall "U"-shaped gap close to the Fermi level away as well as on top of twin boundaries. These results are compatible with the anisotropic nodeless models describing superconductivity in FeSe., 8 pages, 5 figures

We investigated several FeSe single crystals grown by two different methods by utilizing experimental techniques namely, resistivity, magnetoresistance, specific heat, scanning tunneling microscopy, and spectroscopy. The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) shows systematic differences between samples grown by chemical vapor transport and flux vapor transport, indicating variance in the amount of scattering centers. Although the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is not directly related to RRR, our study evidences subtle differences in the features of an incipient ordering mode related to a depletion of density of states at the Fermi level. For instance, the onset temperature of anisotropic spin-fluctuations at $T^* \approx 75$ K, and the temperature of the opening-up of a partial gap in the density of states at $T^{**} \approx 30$ K are not discernible in the samples with lower RRR. Further, we show that the functional dependence of the electronic specific heat below 2 K, which allows to determine the nodal features as well as the small superconducting gap, differs significantly in crystals grown by these two different methods. Our investigation suggests that some of the controversies about the driving mechanism for the superconducting gap or its structure and symmetry is related to minute differences in the crystals arising due to the growth techniques used and the total amount of scattering centers present in the sample., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

The relationship between the oxygen pressure, porosity, adhesion, and ion beam-assisted deposition (IAD) conditions for WO 3 electrochromic films prepared using an electron-beam (E-beam) system was investigated. The adhesion of thin films on the substrate by sole E-beam system is very weak. The best method is proposed to obtain good adhesion and better porosity by combining the E-beam evaporation, and the microstructure and coloration efficiency were determined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a spectrometer, respectively. Notably, the effect of the oxygen pressure on the coloration efficiency and porosity of Ta 2 O 5 /WO 3 films was found to be different. The optimal average transmittance of the electrochromic film in the bleached state was 11%, and in the colored state was 68%, when a Ta 2 O 5 thin film was deposited in oxygen at a pressure at 9 × 10 -4 torr using IAD, and a WO 3 thin film was deposited at an oxygen pressure of 7.5 × 10 -5 torr. The studied results are useful for the design of more efficient photoelectrochemical devices employing evaporated WO 3 films.