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campaigns in Taiwan. We first introduce two types of spectroimagers, the slit and slitless types, and discuss their advantages and shortcomings. Next we explore the instrument development and procedures undertaken for this study. In 2006, a slit spectroimager was installed for a sprite campaign and on 15 August of that year, two sprite spectra were recorded using the slit spectroimager along with seven sprites, one halo, one ELVES emission and two jets. By the end of 2015, a slitless spectroimager had been successfully constructed and was ready to conduct additional investigations. On 7 May 2016, a sprite spectrum was recorded using the slitless spectroimager. Following an examination of the calibrations (comprising detection region field of view, wavelength calibration, and response curve), data analysis, and additional calibrations (comprising elevation and azimuthal angles, atmospheric transmittance, and theoretical wavelength calculations) performed in this study, we present the results from our observed sprite spectra using the slit and slitless spectroimagers.

We report simultaneous observations of sprite and gravity wave generated by a storm over Bangladesh. The origin of a concentric gravity wave can be traced to the storm region on Apr 27, 2014 over Bangladesh with a low cloud top surface temperature (175 K). After data analysis, the time period of the concentric gravity wave is found to be 8.8-8.9 minutes. The horizontal wavelength is found to be ~50 km for red emissions (~55 km for green emissions) and the horizontal phase velocity is 94.4 ± 31.7 m s-1 for red emissions (102.6 ± 29.4 m s-1 for green emissions). Using the dispersion relation of gravity wave, the elevation angle of wave propagation direction is found to be ~ 53.3 °. The sprite associated with the gravity wave was also recorded at 1534 UT on Apr 27, 2014. The initiation time of storm-generated gravity wave is estimated to be 1454 UT at which lightning activity was relatively low using lightning data. At time 1534 UT of the recorded sprite, the lightning rate was close to its maximum value. The storm-generated gravity wave could be thought as a precursor phenomenon for lightning and sprites since one of the necessary conditions for gravity wave, lightning and sprites is strong convection inside storms.

A huge maternal hydronephrosis is uncommon in pregnancy and might be mistaken as a pelvic mass. A 21-year-old primigravida was noted at 25th week of gestation to have a visible bulging mass on her left flank. The mass was originally mistaken as a large ovarian cyst but later proved to be a huge hydronephrosis. Retrograde insertion of ureteroscope and a ureteric stent failed, so we performed repeated ultrasound-guided needle aspiration to decompress the huge hydronephrosis, which enabled the patient to proceed to a successful term vaginal delivery. Nephrectomy was performed after delivery and proved the diagnosis of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) had become the preferred operation for management of adrenal neoplasm. We conducted this cohort study to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy (OA).A total of 67 patients with complete medical records were included in this study. Thirty patients underwent OA and the other 37 patients received LA. The intraoperative and perioperative data analyses focused on surgery time, blood loss, pain scale rating, resumption of oral feeding, hospital stay, complications and convalescence.LA was completed in all 37 patients without conversion to OA or mortality. The surgery times (203.4 vs. 192.9, p = 0.776) were similar for both OA and LA groups. There was less blood loss in the LA group (355.0 vs. 104.0, p = 0.021). The postoperative pain scale rating was lower in the LA group (5.6 vs. 4.5 p = 0.035) as was analgesia demand (57.4 vs. 3.7, p0.001). Oral feeding resumed earlier in the LA group (91.7 vs. 16.4, p0.001) and these patients had a shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.4 vs. 3.9, p0.001). The complication rate in both groups was similar. In the LA group, patients with primary aldosteronism had shorter surgery times and less blood loss than patients with other tumor types (p0.05).LA results in good surgical outcome without increased risks. We suggest that LA should be the preferred choice for management of adrenal neoplasms. We also suggest that surgeons inexperienced in LA consider beginning with a case of primary hyperaldosteronism.

Malignant seeding along the needle tract of a perineal prostatic biopsy is a rare complication. Seeding along the needle tract of a transperineal radioactive seed implantation is even more rare. We report a case of an unusual complication resulting from this procedure. CASE REPORT